{"id":62935,"date":"2023-11-06T12:07:14","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T12:07:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=62935"},"modified":"2023-11-06T12:07:14","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T12:07:14","slug":"kompania-katalanase-nje-kompani-private-ushtarake-mesjetare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/11\/06\/kompania-katalanase-nje-kompani-private-ushtarake-mesjetare\/","title":{"rendered":"Kompania katalanase: Nj\u00eb kompani private ushtarake mesjetare"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb vitin 1302, me p\u00ebrfundimin e luft\u00ebs q\u00eb kund\u00ebrvinin aragonez\u00ebt me Anzhuin\u00ebt n\u00eb Si\u00e7ili, nj\u00eb kontigjent luft\u00ebtar\u00ebsh katalanas, t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga Ruggero Flores, i ofron sh\u00ebrbimet e tyre Bizantit t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar nga turqit. Do t\u00eb jet\u00eb fillimi i nj\u00eb odiseje t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme q\u00eb pa \u201cKompanin\u00eb e Madhe Katalanase\u201d, e quajtur dhe e Almogavar\u00ebve, t\u00eb triumfoj\u00eb mbi armiqt\u00eb e saj dhe t\u00eb luftoj\u00eb thuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebndh\u00ebn\u00ebsit q\u00eb kishte zgjedhur, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb fus\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb Dukatin e Athin\u00ebs.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00eb arritur me 39 galera dhe anije t\u00eb tjera mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse, n\u00eb shtatorin e vitit 1303, pran\u00eb oborrit bizantin t\u00eb Andronikut t\u00eb II Paleologut dhe t\u00eb djalit t\u00eb tij bashk\u00ebperandor Mihali i IX, katalanasit p\u00ebrdoren menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb front. I pajisur me 6000 deri n\u00eb 7000 burra, kontigjenti i mund turqit n\u00eb Propontid (bregu i Detit t\u00eb Marmaras\u00eb), n\u00eb af\u00ebrsit\u00eb e Cizikut dhe menj\u00ebher\u00eb i zmbraps energjikisht drejt lindjes gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb fushat\u00ebs. Faktikisht, gjat\u00eb vitit 1304, duke u nisur nga Helesponti, katalanasit do t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb duke luftuar n\u00eb Port\u00ebn e Hekurt, n\u00eb Malet e Taur\u00ebve, jo larg nga Alessandretta, duke kapur nj\u00eb pla\u00e7k\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. Taktika e p\u00ebrdorur nga k\u00ebta mercenar\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e kapjes s\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtarit n\u00eb befasi, me nj\u00eb energji dhe nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb till\u00eb sa ta pengoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efikase kund\u00ebrshtarin arm\u00ebn kryesore t\u00eb tij: harkun. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb fushat\u00ebs, Azia e Vog\u00ebl\u00a0 u kthye s\u00ebrish n\u00ebn dominimin e grek\u00ebve t\u00eb Bizantit. Komandantit i kontigjentit, brindizini Ruggero da Fiore, alias frate Rogerio da Branduzio (1267 \u2013 1305), i em\u00ebruar Duk\u00eb i Madh i perandoris\u00eb bizantine, pra \u00c7ezar, u b\u00eb deri k\u00ebshilltar i Basileus.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb oepracioneve, katalanasit u d\u00ebrguan t\u00eb q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb Gadishullin e Gallipoli, ku fortifikohen, p\u00ebr t\u00eb konkurruar n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar nga bullgar\u00ebt (dimri i 1304 \u2013 1305), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn periudh\u00eb, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet detit, vijn\u00eb p\u00ebrforcimet e d\u00ebrguara atyre nga Don Haime (Xheku) i II i Aragon\u00ebs dhe nga Federiku i III i Si\u00e7ilis\u00eb apo i Trinakris\u00eb. P\u00ebrforcimet aragoneze, n\u00ebn komand\u00ebn e Berenguer d\u2019Enten\u00e7a dhe t\u00eb Fernando Ximenis d\u2019Arenos, c kultivojn\u00eb sekretin e n\u00ebnkuptuar t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb rrug\u00ebs t\u00eb nj\u00eb pushtimi t\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00ebs, duke p\u00ebrdorur po Almogavar\u00ebt. I preokupuar nga situata dhe nga k\u00ebrkesat s\u00eb Kompanis\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebs duhej t\u2019i paguante pagat e papaguara, Basileus vendosi ta vras\u00eb Ruggero da Fiore (30 prill 1305) dhe t\u00eb rrethoj\u00eb Gallipoli, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr pa sukses, fal\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb aft\u00eb t\u00eb kryer nga Ramon Muntaner (maj \u2013 korrik 1305). M\u00eb 7 korrik 1305 trupat perandorake bizantine munden nga katalanasit n\u00eb Arpos, n\u00eb jugper\u00ebndim t\u00eb Rodostos (Tekirdagu i sot\u00ebm, n\u00eb bregun europian t\u00eb Detit t\u00eb Marmaras\u00eb). P\u00ebr rreth 2 vite, Kompania Katalanase kontrollon dhe braktis Gadishullin e Gallipoli dhe zonat p\u00ebrreth: ajo operon tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb saj, si nj\u00eb trup ushtarak i huaj n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn e perandoris\u00eb. Nj\u00eb prej krer\u00ebve t\u00eb saj, Bernat de Rocafort (i vdekur n\u00eb burg n\u00eb Napoli m\u00eb 1309), do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb rrethinat e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Me t\u2019u ezauuruar resurset e akumuluara me forc\u00ebn e pla\u00e7kitjeve, pasi ka zmbrapsur nj\u00eb sulm t\u00eb kapitenit gjenovez Opizzino Spinola, n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Bizantit, Kompania vendos t\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00eb drejt veriut, n\u00eb Thraki, q\u00eb i n\u00ebnshtrohet rregullisht pla\u00e7kitjes. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb shp\u00ebrthejn\u00eb mosdakord\u00ebsit\u00eb e brendshme mbi strategjin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndjekur: nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb Rocafort dhe nga ana tjet\u00ebr kush, si Muntaner, do t\u00eb donin t\u00eb pranonin t\u00eb rifuteshin n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Kuror\u00ebs s\u00eb Aragon\u00ebs dhe, sidomos, n\u00ebn sh\u00ebrbimin e mbretit Federikos s\u00eb III, mbret i Si\u00e7ilis\u00eb. Kompania u nda dhe Rocafort, duke e ruajtur shumic\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb saj, i ofron sh\u00ebrbime Karlos s\u00eb Valuas\u00eb dhe Anzhuin\u00ebve, v\u00ebllai i Filipit t\u00eb IV i Bukuri, q\u00eb duke mos pasur asnj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme politike n\u00eb Franc\u00eb kultivon sysnime sekrete ndaj mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00ebs. Paradoks: 25 vite pasi Vesprat Si\u00e7iliane, q\u00eb i pat\u00ebn mbijetuar masakr\u00ebs dhe gjuetia e francez\u00ebve e\u00a0 pushtimi i Si\u00e7ilis\u00eb nga ana e monarkis\u00eb katalano \u2013 aragoneze, nj\u00eb princ i gjakut francez q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon ndihm\u00eb pran\u00eb katalan\u00ebve!<\/p>\n

Mercenar\u00eb nomad\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fisniku Tebaldo de Chepoy, i b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb kapiten i Kompanis\u00eb Katalanase me emrin e Karlit t\u00eb Valuas\u00eb (shtator 1307), eliminon Bernat de Rocafort (i burgosur n\u00eb Napoli) dhe e drejton kontigjentin drejt Gadishullit t\u00eb Kasandr\u00ebs, gadishullin m\u00eb n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb Kalkidilis\u00eb, viktim\u00eb e re e katalanasve, q\u00eb e pla\u00e7kisin nga dimri i 1307 n\u00eb dimrin e 1309, duke mos kursyer edhe manastiret e \u201cMalit t\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb\u201d, n\u00eb Gadishullin e Athosit. M\u00eb pas, Karli i Valuas\u00eb heq dor\u00eb nga \u00ebnd\u00ebrrat perandorake t\u00eb tij dhe Tebaldi i Kepoit largohet nga komanda e Kompanis\u00eb; n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, gjat\u00eb vitit 1309, katalanasit vendosin t\u00eb drejtohen drejt Thesalis\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb pla\u00e7kave t\u00eb reja. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb, mercenar\u00ebt vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb me resurset e territorit, p\u00ebrpara se vihen gjat\u00eb vitit 1310, n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb nj\u00eb zot\u00ebrie t\u00eb ri, Gualtierit t\u00eb V t\u00eb Brienit, at\u00ebbot\u00eb Duk\u00eb i Athin\u00ebs, i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar nga Basileus. Brenda pak koh\u00ebsh katalanasit heqin qafe armiqt\u00eb e Duk\u00ebs, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb revoltoheshin kund\u00ebr vet\u00eb princit Gualtieri (q\u00eb nuk i paguante sh\u00ebrbimet e tyre) dhe ta mundin p\u00ebrfundimisht m\u00eb 15 mars t\u00eb 1311, n\u00eb af\u00ebrsit\u00eb e Halmirosit (Cefis apo Orkomen), n\u00eb krye t\u00eb nj\u00eb koalicioni t\u00eb trupave franke t\u00eb Mores\u00eb, Eubes\u00eb dhe Naksosit. Pas k\u00ebsaj beteje, Kompania m\u00eb s\u00eb fundi i jep fund gabimeve t\u00eb saj dhe nis ta qeveris\u00eb me dor\u00eb t\u00eb hekurt Dukatin e Athin\u00ebs, q\u00eb do t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb deri n\u00eb vitin 1338. Tashm\u00eb mercenar\u00ebt jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb princa.<\/p>\n

Luft\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb friksh\u00ebm<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kjo seri e jasht\u00ebzakonshme suksesesh n\u00eb tok\u00ebn bizantine e ka nj\u00eb shpjegim t\u00eb saj. Kompania Katalanase i kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrvojat e saj t\u00eb para n\u00eb Si\u00e7ili, n\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb guerrilase, duke eksperimentuar taktika rudimentare, por efikase. Njer\u00ebzit e saj mbiquheshin Almogaver\u00eb apo Almogavar\u00eb, term q\u00eb derivonte nga arabishtja \u201cal Mughawar\u201d (ai q\u00eb kryen inkursione n\u00eb territorin e armikut) p\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar luft\u00ebtar\u00eb q\u00eb kryenin nj\u00eb jet\u00eb prej pla\u00e7kit\u00ebsi, pa ankorim territorial. \u201cAta jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm me zanatin e arm\u00ebve\u201d, thot\u00eb p\u00ebr ta kronisti Bernat Desclot. Katalanasit luftonin pa mbrojt\u00ebse, t\u00eb veshur me nj\u00eb tunik\u00eb apo k\u00ebmish\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, t\u00eb pajisur me armatim t\u00eb leht\u00eb. I besonin mobilitetit dhe surpriz\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, duke sulmuar n\u00eb m\u00ebngjez, t\u00eb grumbulluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb vetme t\u00eb l\u00ebshuar me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe duke i p\u00ebrlar\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e tyre, me ul\u00ebrim\u00ebn \u201cDesperta ferro<\/em>\u201d (Zgjohu hekur). K\u00ebta mercenar\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb n\u00eb dinak\u00ebri, p\u00ebr shembull, duke g\u00ebrmuar dhe duket zbuluar gropat, ku rr\u00ebzojn\u00eb kalor\u00ebsit frank\u00eb n\u00eb betej\u00ebn e Halmyros, por edhe me operacione t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuara, duke shkat\u00ebrruar hyrjet e ujit n\u00eb qytetet q\u00eb rrethojn\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb duke kombinuar inkursione tok\u00ebsore dhe detare. Historikisht nuk njihet asnj\u00eb humbje e tyre.<\/p>\n

Njer\u00ebz pa fe dhe pa ligj?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Besnik\u00ebria ndaj pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit \u00ebsht\u00eb demonstruar me ulje ngritje: sinqeriteti dhe besnik\u00ebria e tyre varej shum\u00eb nga q\u00ebndrimi i atyre q\u00eb i kishin rekrutuar. Perandori i Bizantit, fillimisht i pajisur me dhurata dhe dinjitet, e pati gabim q\u00eb nuk i paguante rregullisht dhe nuk i mbante premtimet. E hyr\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Karlit t\u00eb Valuas\u00eb, kompania q\u00eb kishte nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb rend t\u00eb dyt\u00eb ambiciet perandorake, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se m\u00eb pas, me uljen e ambicieve, ju desh t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb ri. Mbetet fakti q\u00eb n\u00ebse Kompania do t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqej midis autonomis\u00eb dhe sh\u00ebrbimit ndaj zot\u00ebrinjve, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb trup\u00eb mercenare n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Aragon\u00ebs, q\u00eb ia lan\u00eb dominimin mbi Dukatin e Athin\u00ebs pasi e pat\u00ebn inkurajuar t\u00eb vihej n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Karlit t\u00eb Valuas\u00eb. Dokumente t\u00eb shumta v\u00ebrtetojn\u00eb lidhjet midis Kompanis\u00eb dhe dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve, Federikut t\u00eb III t\u00eb Trinakris\u00eb dhe Xhekut t\u00eb II t\u00eb Aragon\u00ebs. Praktikisht Kompania mbante n\u00eb luftime flamurin e Aragon\u00ebs dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit, patron i Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Valencias. Ishte e pajisur edhe me nj\u00eb vul\u00eb me mark\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit dhe stem\u00ebn e Aragon\u00ebs, q\u00eb i autentikonte korrespondenc\u00ebn. At\u00ebhere kur, si n\u00eb Gallipoli, nuk ishte n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb nj\u00eb princi, nxirrte gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb pah besnik\u00ebrin\u00eb e saj ndaj kauz\u00ebs katalano \u2013 aragoneze.<\/p>\n

Duke filluar nga viti 1312, Kompania do t\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqet zyrtarisht nga njer\u00ebz t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nga Federiku i III i Trinakris\u00eb: Bernat apo Berenguer Estanyol, pra infanti Alfonso Federico. P\u00ebrfundimisht, ka qen\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht Aragona ajp ql la n\u00ebnshtruar Dukatin e Athin\u00ebs. Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebtyre aleancave t\u00eb vagullta, Kompania \u00ebsht\u00eb tronditur edhe nga trazira t\u00eb brendshme q\u00eb kan\u00eb provokuar nj\u00eb valle komandant\u00ebsh, vras\u00ebsish, tradh\u00ebtish\u00eb dhe ndarjesh, si\u00e7 edhe ndodh shpesh midis trupave mercenare. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ajo ofronte nj\u00eb spektak\u00ebl ndryshe nga ajo e nj\u00eb ushtrie t\u00eb rregullt, duke mbajtur me vete nj\u00eb turm\u00eb grash\u00eb, f\u00ebmij\u00ebsh, rob\u00ebrish lufte dhe skllev\u00ebrish (treg\u00ebtia me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn i pasuron: Gallipoli, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e katalanasve, ishte nj\u00eb treg i lul\u00ebzuar). Fisnik\u00eb dhe plebej i sh\u00ebrbenin gju m\u00eb gju, pavar\u00ebsisht hierarkive t\u00eb konsoliduara. Trupa ishte e mir\u00ebstrukturuar, e komanduar nga nj\u00eb kapiten, e asistuar nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebshill prej 12 burrash, e ndihmuar nga nj\u00eb ark\u00ebtar q\u00eb i mbante llogarit\u00eb e Kompanis\u00eb: sidmos kjo ka qen\u00eb detyra e Ramon Muntaner, q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00ebnvizon: \u201cUn\u00eb mbaja llogarit\u00eb e asaj q\u00eb i takonte secilit… dhe sipas librit tim t\u00eb llogarive shp\u00ebrndaheshin produktet e inkursioneve tona\u201d. Praktikisht, e gjith\u00eb jeta e Kompanis\u00eb ka qen\u00eb e regjistruar n\u00ebp\u00ebr pergamena. Nj\u00eb produkt i shkruar q\u00eb demonstron sesi katalanasit nuk qen\u00eb nj\u00eb band\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb pla\u00e7kit\u00ebsish.<\/p>\n

Faktikisht ata qen\u00eb njohur nga monark\u00ebt,q\u00eb e kualifikonin me termin exercitus<\/em>, t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb, ai nj\u00eb instrument ushtarak zyrtar. Megjithat\u00eb kjo struktur\u00eb p\u00ebsonte edhe ashp\u00ebrsin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb saj, q\u00eb gjat\u00eb mb\u00ebedhjeve nuk hezitonin t\u00eb impononin idet\u00eb e tyre komandantit q\u00eb nganj\u00ebher\u00eb arrinin ta hiqnin nga detyra. Prandaj Kompania animohej nga nj\u00eb form\u00eb \u201cdemokacie direkte\u201d, e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga raporte konstante force, t\u00eb modifikuara mbi baz\u00ebn e luftimeve dhe t\u00eb rrethanave politike t\u00eb ndryshme. S\u00eb fundi, jetohej me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat resurse t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha trupave mercenare: paga e kujt rekrutohej, shpesh e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe shpesh po aq t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse; pla\u00e7ka e luft\u00ebs; pla\u00e7kitja e tokave t\u00eb pushtuara dhe t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruara (\u201cNe nuk dijm\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr\u201d, rr\u00ebfen ndershm\u00ebrisht Muntaner).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pragun e kryq\u00ebzatave<\/strong><\/p>\n

Almogavar\u00ebt pretendonin edhe t\u00eb luftonin n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Krishtit. N\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb bizantin\u00ebve kan\u00eb mundur turqit, pra kan\u00eb triumfuar mbi vet\u00eb bizant\u00ebt, oportunisht t\u00eb rib\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb syt\u00eb e tyre \u201cskizmatik\u00eb\u201d, duke i privuar k\u00ebshtu nga pronat e tyre. \u00cbsht\u00eb ndoshta p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb motiv q\u00eb ata n\u00eb dokumentat e tyre jan\u00eb titulluar \u201cushtria e Frank\u00ebve\u201d dhe jo si\u00e7 do t\u00eb pritej \u201cushtria e Katalanasve\u201d. Realiteti i fes\u00eb s\u00eb tyre nuk nxirret nga letrat e tyre dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht na shp\u00ebton, por t\u00eb rrethuar n\u00eb Gallipoli nga gjenovez\u00ebt e Spinola, t\u00eb thirrur nga Bizanti, nuk mungojn\u00eb t\u00eb afirmohen (k\u00ebshtu Muntaner) q\u00eb t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb \u201cn\u00eb Rumani n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Zotit dhe p\u00ebr lavdin\u00eb e fes\u00eb katolike\u2026\u201d. Argument patjet\u00ebr i vler\u00ebsuar nga Papa. Aq sa kur n\u00eb vitin 1308 disa murgj\u00ebr t\u00eb Malit Athos ankohen pran\u00eb Atit t\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr krimet e kryera nga Kompania, ata i gjejn\u00eb dyert e mbyllura. N\u00eb Koncilin e Vjen\u00ebs t\u00eb vitit 1312, deri ishte hipotezuar t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin Almogavar\u00ebt pika e l\u00ebshimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb kryq\u00ebzate t\u00eb ardhshme. Megjithat\u00eb, pse ka luuftuar frank\u00ebt e vendosur n\u00eb Greqi dhe pse pat\u00ebn aneksuar Dukatin e Athin\u00ebs dp t\u00eb shkish\u00ebroheshon (deri n\u00eb vitin 1343) nga Selia e Shenjt\u00eb. V\u00ebshtir\u00eb se arrinin t\u00eb mbanin raporte t\u00eb mira me pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit e tyre: Papa Gjoni i XXII do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri t\u00eb nxis\u00eb nj\u00eb kryq\u00ebzat\u00eb kund\u00ebr tyre.<\/p>\n

\u201cFrank\u00ebt! Frank\u00ebt!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb jen\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht katalanasit ata q\u00eb do t\u2019u lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb turqve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt provizorisht i kishin aleat\u00eb, t\u00eb kalonin Ngushticat dhe t\u00eb shkelnin Europ\u00ebn. Ata deri i kan\u00eb ndihmuar, n\u00eb vitin 1327, q\u00eb t\u00eb fusnin n\u00eb dor\u00eb ishullin Eubea dhe t\u00eb sulmonin Santorinin. P\u00ebrtej pla\u00e7kitjeve, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht aleanca me bandat turke q\u00eb do t\u2019u b\u00ebj\u00eb atyre t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shekuj reputacionin e tyre t\u00eb f\u00eblliqur n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Greqin\u00eb. Bizantin\u00ebt pan\u00eb tek ata nj\u00eb t\u00eb keqe ekuivalente me at\u00eb t\u00eb frank\u00ebve q\u00eb kishin pla\u00e7kitur Konstandinopoj\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 1204. Por, akoma m\u00eb keq, sa dukeshin si replika e persian\u00ebve t\u00eb Kserksit \u201ct\u00eb etur p\u00ebr gjak\u201d. N\u00ebse mercenar\u00ebt shikoheshin si nj\u00eb keqe e nevojshme nga ana e Bazileusit, kjo nevoj\u00eb do t\u2019u ket\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar kronist\u00ebve, q\u00eb e kan\u00eb kujtuar n\u00eb letrat e tyre vet\u00ebm t\u00eb keqen. Ul\u00ebrima e thjesht\u00eb: \u201cFrank\u00ebt! Frank\u00ebt!\u201d, ishte e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbjell\u00eb panikun. \u201cGjith\u00e7a vdes, gjith\u00e7ka shkat\u00ebrrohet, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb plot me t\u00eb vdekurit, kufomave, masakrave, esklamon nj\u00eb prift bizantin, duke evokuar \u201cp\u00ebrrenjt\u00eb e gjakut\u201d dhe \u201cmalet e t\u00eb vdekurve\u201d q\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb Athosin; \u201cT\u00eb gjitha kryq\u00ebzimet e oxhaqeve i mbush\u00ebn me kufoma lakuriqe, pa varrosje\u201d, shkruan abati serb i manastirit t\u00eb Hilandarit n\u00eb Malin Athos, por n\u00eb fund t\u00eb pdo shprese do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb rajon, Magnezia, i famsh\u00ebm pse nuk ju cedua kurr\u00eb turqve, q\u00eb do t\u00eb rijap\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh heroik t\u00eb Kompanis\u00eb Katalanas.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimisht, kjo \u201cKompani Ushtarake Private\u201d e par\u00eb e Mesjet\u00ebs, e ardhur n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00ebs s\u00eb pafuqishme p\u00ebrpara turqve, sigurisht q\u00eb ka kontribuar ta shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb, por n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e m\u00ebtejshme, do t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb ta dob\u00ebsoj\u00eb dhe ta shp\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Greke, n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb ambicieve t\u00eb sovran\u00ebve katalanas. Pa i humbur kurr\u00eb interesat dhe orekset e tyre, k\u00ebta mercenar\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb instrument n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cloj\u00eb t\u00eb madhe\u201d gjeopolitike t\u00eb animuar nga Valuat\u00eb n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, nga frank\u00ebt e Mores\u00eb, nga Papati dhe nga Kurora e fuqishme e Aragon\u00ebs. Duke kujtuar se, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, nuk ekzistojn\u00eb mercenar\u00eb v\u00ebrtet autonom\u00eb.<\/p>\n

(nga StoriaInRete<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb vitin 1302, me p\u00ebrfundimin e luft\u00ebs q\u00eb kund\u00ebrvinin aragonez\u00ebt me Anzhuin\u00ebt n\u00eb Si\u00e7ili, nj\u00eb kontigjent luft\u00ebtar\u00ebsh katalanas, t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga Ruggero Flores, i ofron sh\u00ebrbimet e tyre Bizantit t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar nga turqit. Do t\u00eb jet\u00eb fillimi i nj\u00eb odiseje t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme q\u00eb pa \u201cKompanin\u00eb e Madhe Katalanase\u201d, e quajtur dhe e Almogavar\u00ebve, t\u00eb triumfoj\u00eb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":62936,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62935"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62935"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62935\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}