{"id":57363,"date":"2023-09-25T09:06:57","date_gmt":"2023-09-25T09:06:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=57363"},"modified":"2023-09-25T09:06:57","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T09:06:57","slug":"gjeopolitika-e-eduardo-galeano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/09\/25\/gjeopolitika-e-eduardo-galeano\/","title":{"rendered":"Gjeopolitika e Eduardo Galeano"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Tri gjysm\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr shkrimtarin latinoamerikan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le ta fillojm\u00eb me tri provokime: Galeano nuk quhej Galeano; Galeano nuk ishte shkrimtar politik; Galeano nuk ishte i majt\u00eb. Paralajm\u00ebrojm\u00eb se nuk flitet p\u00ebr tri t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta, por p\u00ebr tri gjysm\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta, por q\u00eb si\u00e7 do ta shpjegojm\u00eb, jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakund\u00ebrshtueshme.<\/p>\n<p>Le ta fillojm\u00eb nga emri. Eduardo Germ\u00e1n Mar\u00eda Hughes Galeano, por q\u00eb firmoste thjesht si Eduardo Galeano. Nuk ishte thjesht\u00ebzim, pasi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast d\u00eb t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb firmoste Eduardo Hughes, sipas mbiemrit nga babai. Nuk ishte as em\u00ebr arti, pasi Galeano ishte mbiemri nga n\u00ebna. N\u00eb onomastik\u00ebn spanjishtfol\u00ebse praktikisht merret ligj\u00ebrisht mbiemri i dyfisht\u00eb, nga babai e nga n\u00ebna, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb normale t\u00eb vendoset edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb em\u00ebr pag\u00ebzimi. Por zakonisht p\u00ebrdoren emrin i par\u00eb dhe mbiemri i par\u00eb at\u00ebror. Fidel Castro, jo Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz. Ernesto Guevara i thirrur Che, jo Ernesto Guevara de la Serna. Hugo Ch\u00e1vez, jo Hugo Rafael Ch\u00e1vez Fr\u00edas. Kush i p\u00ebrdor t\u00eb dy, kapet ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pas nj\u00eb n\u00ebne me nj\u00eb mbiem\u00ebr t\u00eb shquar. Ose ka nj\u00eb mbiem\u00ebr at\u00ebror banal, q\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i individualizuesh\u00ebm fal\u00eb shtes\u00ebs s\u00eb mbiemrit m\u00ebm\u00ebsor: Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, Mario Vargas Llosa. Ose ka babain q\u00eb i ka v\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00eb emrin e tij dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, mbiemri i dyt\u00eb sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr t\u2019u dalluar: Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President i Kilit nga 1994 deri m\u00eb 2000, djali i Eduardo Frei Montalva, President i Kilit nga 1964 deri m\u00eb 1970.<\/p>\n<p>Kush p\u00ebrdor vet\u00ebm mbiemrin m\u00ebm\u00ebsor, nga Pablo Ruiz Picasso tek Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero, p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrve\u00e7se ka nj\u00eb mbiem\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb banal, ka pasur edhe ndonj\u00eb problem me figur\u00ebn at\u00ebrore. Pse Galeano ka preferuar t\u00eb njihet me mbiemrin gjenovas t\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs sesa me at\u00eb uellsian t\u00eb babait?<\/p>\n<p>Lidhur me motivin e k\u00ebsaj zgjedhjeje, latinoamerikan\u00ebt e shumt\u00eb q\u00eb ia kan\u00eb rr\u00ebfyer k\u00ebt\u00eb ve\u00e7anti autorit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre radh\u00ebve kan\u00eb shprehur gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin opinion: \u201cSi mundet nj\u00eb denigrues i imperializmit anglo \u2013 sakson t\u00eb firmoste me?\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb fak, Galeano \u00ebsht\u00eb autori i \u201cLas venas abiertas de Am\u00e9rica Latina\u201d. Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb i librit q\u00eb m\u00eb 19 prill t\u00eb vitit 2009, n\u00eb Samitin e Amerikave t\u00eb Port of Spain, Ch\u00e1vez ia dhuroi Barack Obama her\u00ebn e par\u00eb q\u00eb e takoi p\u00ebr ta goditur lidhur me paudh\u00ebsit\u00eb historike t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara n\u00eb \u201coborrin e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d: nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebri t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcej\u00eb bujsh\u00ebm, brenda nj\u00eb dite, nga vendi i 54925-t\u00eb n\u00eb vendin e 2-t\u00eb e klasifikimit Amazon.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cbsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr q\u00eb Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza, Carlos Alberto Montaner dhe \u00c1lvaro Vargas Llosa m\u00eb 1996 n\u00eb librin e tyre po aq t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb idiotit t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur latinoamerikan e fut\u00ebn n\u00eb list\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb \u201cDhjet\u00eb librave q\u00eb mall\u00ebngjyen idiotin latinoamerikan\u201d. Duket si nj\u00eb deingrim, por duke par\u00eb se kush e b\u00ebn dhe tonet, mund edhe t\u00eb konsiderohet nj\u00eb lloj elozhi po aq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm sa edhe dhurata e Ch\u00e1vez.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNuk ekziston kompendium m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i gabimeve, arbitraritetit apo i budallall\u00ebqeve t\u00eb thjeshta q\u00eb popullojn\u00eb kok\u00ebt e vogla e radikal\u00ebve tan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7artur. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, nuk ka nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb zhanrit t\u00eb tij q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur po kaq botime, p\u00ebrkthime dhe lavd\u00ebrime. Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nuk njihet n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn ton\u00eb nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr si puna e saj q\u00eb t\u00eb meritoj\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderohet si bibla e idotit latinoamerikan ose, nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim tjet\u00ebr, si fejtoni i madh i mendimit politik. P\u00ebrhumb\u00ebsisht lirik, titulli \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tregues elokuent i asaj q\u00eb vjen m\u00eb pas: Amerika Latine \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kontinent inert, n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb fik\u00ebti midis Atlantikut dhe Paq\u00ebsorit, t\u00eb cilit perandorit\u00eb dhe maskarenjt\u00eb n\u00eb urdh\u00ebrat e tyre i thithin gjakun nga damar\u00ebt, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb pasurit\u00eb e pafundme natyrore\u201d. Montaner e kishte shprehur tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb mendim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb 1992, 4 vjet p\u00ebrpara nj\u00eb libri q\u00eb duksh\u00ebm u konceptua shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpara kohe si n\u00eb \u201cantidamar i hapur i Amerik\u00ebs Latine\u201d eksplicit.<\/p>\n<p>Por Montaner, Mendoza dhe Vargas Llosa junior nuk kontestonin se b\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr bind\u00ebs dhe t\u00ebrheq\u00ebs. Paradoksalisht, nj\u00eb goditje m\u00eb shum\u00eb se vdekjeprur\u00ebse i kishte ndodhur nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb nga vet\u00eb Galeano. P\u00ebrball\u00eb publikut t\u00eb shastisur t\u00eb Bienales s\u00eb II t\u00eb Librit n\u00eb Brasilia, ky e p\u00ebrcaktoi si nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr me \u201cproz\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb\u201d, q\u00eb n\u00ebse do t\u00eb provonte ta rilexonte \u201c<em>se desmayar\u00eda<\/em>\u201d. Si t\u00eb thuash: \u201cnj\u00eb tull\u00eb q\u00eb do kishte rr\u00ebzuar p\u00ebrtok\u00eb k\u00ebdo\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cbsht\u00eb ky lloj proze jo e mrekullueshme me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Galeano ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb sukses bestseller\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb tij si \u201cKujtesa e zjarrit\u201d apo \u201cFisnik\u00ebri dhe mjerim i loj\u00ebs s\u00eb futbollit\u201d. N\u00eb rast se ta mohosh stilin \u00ebsht\u00eb subjektive, gj\u00ebja v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb pranimi i paaft\u00ebsis\u00eb: \u201cDoja t\u00eb shkruaja nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr ekonomie politike, por tani e kuptoj se nuk e kisha p\u00ebrgatitjen e nevojshme p\u00ebr ta shkruar\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Praktikisht ishte 31 vje\u00e7ar dhe e b\u00ebri n\u00eb rreth 90 dit\u00eb, edhe pse m\u00eb pas do ta azhurnonte shum\u00eb her\u00eb. Por ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb jet\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ky sekreti i k\u00ebtij suksesi. Mendimtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb strukturuar e kishin p\u00ebrpunuar tashm\u00eb \u201cTeorin\u00eb e Var\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d, historian\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb kishin tentuar nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb kontinentit, por duhej pik\u00ebrisht jovet\u00ebdija e nj\u00eb 31 vje\u00e7ari t\u00eb ideologjizuar dhe me kultur\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme q\u00eb t\u00eb guxonte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje thjesht\u00ebzuese aq titanike duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb stil n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb kuptohej nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><em>Mutatis mutandis<\/em>, ajo q\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb Galeano me historin\u00eb e Amerik\u00ebs Latine \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e ngjashme me at\u00eb q\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb Indro Montanelli me historin\u00eb e Italis\u00eb: nj\u00eb thjesht\u00ebzim i mrekulluesh\u00ebm dhe arbitrar q\u00eb me sok\u00ebllima klishesh\u00eb dhe batutash arrin ta apasionoj\u00eb me argumentin edhe lexuesin t\u00eb cilit l\u00ebnda mund t\u2019i dukej e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, lexuesi \u00ebsht\u00eb apasionuar v\u00ebrtet, thellon, studion dhe kupton se pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e asaj q\u00eb e ka apasionuar duhej vler\u00ebsuar me shum\u00eb kujdes.<\/p>\n<p>Por gjithsesi Galeano dhe Montanelli meritojn\u00eb nj\u00eblloj falenderimi. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim duhet inkuadruar gjysm\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta e dyt\u00eb q\u00eb kemi th\u00ebn\u00eb. Ashtu si Montanelli arriti t\u00eb divulgoj\u00eb historin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn historian\u00ebt italian\u00eb nuk ia kishin arritur pik\u00ebrisht pse nuk ishte historian, por nj\u00eb gazetar i madh, Galeano arriti t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb nj\u00eb manifest tribotist aq efikas sa t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u imituar nga mendimtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb dhe kjo sepse pasioni i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i tij nuk ishte politika, por futbolli.<\/p>\n<p>Autor librash, por jo romancier i suksessh\u00ebm si shum\u00eb emra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb intelektualizmit latinoamerikan q\u00eb ecin m\u00eb shum\u00eb, intim me protagonist\u00ebt e bumit pa i qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb, edhe me suksesin e \u201cDamar\u00ebve t\u00eb shyqer t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs Latine\u201d, ka mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb Galeano do t\u00eb kishte mbetur n\u00eb nj\u00eb rreth t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb respektuar njohjeje, sikur t\u00eb mos kishin qen\u00eb shkrimet e tij futbollistike. N\u00eb Itali e kan\u00eb kujtuar n\u00eb fund sidomos prej tyre. Galeano, kan\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb pakashum\u00eb, ishte ai gazetari i madh sportiv q\u00eb rast\u00ebsisht kishte shkruar edhe nj\u00eb bestseller t\u00eb s\u00eb Majt\u00ebs tribotiste.<\/p>\n<p>Por k\u00ebtu vijm\u00eb tek gjysm\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta e tret\u00eb. Galeano ishte i majt\u00eb? Subjektivisht, po. Nga nj\u00eb familje aristokrate e r\u00ebn\u00eb nga vakti p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn qe shtr\u00ebnguar qysh f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb punonte, kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm pun\u00ebtorin, mekanografin, ark\u00ebtarin dhe fatorinon, por edhe piktorin e dizenjatorin. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 14 vje\u00e7are ia kishte shitur karikatur\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb par\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrjavshmjeje t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Socialiste.<\/p>\n<p>Bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor i s\u00eb p\u00ebrjavshmes s\u00eb majt\u00eb \u201cBrecha\u201d, azilant pas grushtit t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb vitit 1973, mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs i regjimit kubanez, por kritik n\u00eb vitet e fundit ndaj shfryrjeve periodike represive, vet\u00eb ai deklarohej mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs i nj\u00eb modeli marksizmi ortodoks, por tolerant ndaj diferencave ideologjike, q\u00eb futej n\u00ebn egjid\u00ebn intelektuale e Rosa Luxemburg.<\/p>\n<p>Mb\u00ebshteti edhe Ch\u00e1vez dhe nj\u00eb prej pozicionimeve politike m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb tij ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb Maduro n\u00eb protest\u00ebn ndaj Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara pse e kishte shpallur Venezuel\u00ebn si \u201ck\u00ebrc\u00ebnim\u201d. Ama thoshte edhe se aksi me Iranin e \u201cbefasonte\u201d. I vrar\u00eb m\u00eb 1967 Che Guevara, i dal\u00eb m\u00eb 1968 \u201c100 vjet vetmi\u201d i Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, i vrar\u00eb m\u00eb 1973 Salvador Allende, \u201cDamar\u00ebt e \u00e7ar\u00eb t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs Latine\u201d doli m\u00eb 1971. Thuajse n\u00eb mes midis k\u00ebtyre datave epok\u00ebndar\u00ebse, thuajse p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar se pse Kontinenti martir ishte Krishti sakrifikues i revolucionit bot\u00ebror.<\/p>\n<p>Botimi italian i tij i vitit 1997 ka nj\u00eb parath\u00ebnie ku Isabel Allende rr\u00ebfen sesi n\u00eb largimin nga Kili si refugjate prej diktatur\u00ebs s\u00eb Pinochet kishte marr\u00eb me vete vet\u00ebm \u201cdisa veshje, fotografi t\u00eb familjes, disa grushta dhe nga toka e kopshtit tim dhe dy libra: nj\u00eb botim t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb \u201cOdeve\u201d t\u00eb Pablo Neruda dhe librin me kopertin\u00eb t\u00eb verdh\u00eb. \u201cDamar\u00ebt e shqyer e Amerik\u00ebs Latine\u201d\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Por \u00e7far\u00eb shkruan 31 vje\u00e7ari Galeano p\u00ebr poetin kilian q\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb at\u00eb 1971 merrte Nobelin p\u00ebr Let\u00ebrsin\u00eb? Citojm\u00eb nga sh\u00ebnimi 45 pik\u00ebrisht nga ky botim italian i vitit 1997. Referimi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr Jos\u00e9 Gaspar Rodr\u00edguez de Francia, diktator i Paraguajit nga 1814 deri m\u00eb 1840. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, termi diktator ishte pik\u00ebrisht ai q\u00eb i ishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb zyrtarisht.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFrancia p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb prej shembujve m\u00eb t\u00eb pabesueshme t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebris\u00eb si historis\u00eb zyrtare. Deformimet e b\u00ebra nga liberalizmi nuk jan\u00eb prerogativ\u00eb e klasave dominuese n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn Latine: edhe shum\u00eb intelektual\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00eb, t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar q\u00eb ta shohin historin\u00eb e vendit t\u00eb tyre me syt\u00eb e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, ndajn\u00eb mite t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs dhe ia miratojn\u00eb kanonizimet dhe shkish\u00ebrimet.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCanto general\u201d i Pablo Neruda (Buenos Aires 1955), homazh i mrekulluesh\u00ebm poetik ndaj popujve latinoamerikan\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i qart\u00eb i k\u00ebtij \u00e7orientimi. Neruda injoron Artigas dhe Carlos Antonio e Francisco Solano L\u00f3pez: n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim, identifikohet me Sarmiento. E quan Francia \u201cmbret lebroz, i rrethuar \/ nga kullota t\u00eb pafundme\u201d, q\u00eb e \u201cmbylli Paraguajin si fole \/ p\u00ebr madh\u00ebrin\u00eb e tij\u201d dhe \u201clidhi \/ tortur\u00eb e balt\u00eb me \u201ckufijt\u00eb\u201d. Me Rosas sigurisht q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb dor\u00eblir\u00eb: faktikisht, sok\u00ebllin kund\u00ebr \u201cgrushtave, t\u00eb l\u00ebshuara si kallinj mbi martirin e nj\u00eb \u201cArgjentine t\u00eb vjedhur me t\u00eb sht\u00ebna pushk\u00ebsh \/ n\u00eb avullin e m\u00ebngjesit, e nd\u00ebshkuar \/ deri n\u00eb gjak dhe deri n\u00eb \u00e7menduri, \/ bosh, e kal\u00ebruar nga kapadinj t\u00eb vrazhd\u00eb\u201d\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Neruda i \u00e7orientuar? Galeano djal\u00eb i keq mendjemadh? Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb kompleks dhe vendimtar. Komunist nga fundi i viteve \u201930, senator m\u00eb 1945, n\u00eb ekzil midis viteve 1948 e 1952 si pasoj\u00eb e ndalimit t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Komuniste Kiliane, kandidat i po k\u00ebsaj partie n\u00eb primaret e Unidad Popular q\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7onin m\u00eb 1970 n\u00eb zgjedhjen e Allende, Neruda ishte ai q\u00eb mund ta quanim togliatian.<\/p>\n<p>Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, nj\u00eb ndjek\u00ebs i k\u00ebsaj linje t\u00eb komunizmit ortodoks prosovjetik t\u00eb viteve \u201840 e \u201850 tipike e partive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha komuniste t\u00eb vendeve per\u00ebndimore, q\u00eb e konsideronin veten trash\u00ebgimtare t\u00eb revolucioneve \u201cborgjeze\u201d dhe p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs iluministe. \u00cbsht\u00eb ky motivi p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin i em\u00ebrtonte me Garibaldi formacionet e tij t\u00eb armatosura dhe shikonte deri nga e djathta historike dhe Partia Komuniste Franceze ekzaltonte Revolucionin Francez n\u00eb variantin jakobin t\u00eb tij. N\u00eb nj\u00eb Amerik\u00eb Latine ku Domingo Faustino Sarmiento i kishte lexuar luft\u00ebrat civile t\u00eb \u2018800 si larje hesapesh midis nj\u00eb \u201cpartie europiane\u201d liberale dhe nj\u00eb \u201cpartie amerikane\u201d reaksionare, partit\u00eb komuniste latinoamerikane dhe Neruda prezantoheshin n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e \u201cpartis\u00eb europiane\u201d. Dhe \u201cCanto General\u201d celebron pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje.<\/p>\n<p>Por me \u201cteorin\u00eb e var\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d lloji i politik\u00ebs q\u00eb pat\u00ebn b\u00ebr\u00eb liberal\u00ebt e Tet\u00ebqind\u00ebs faktikisht vihet n\u00eb gjykim. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitet Tridhjet\u00eb e Dyzet n\u00eb Europ\u00eb fashizmi i shtynte partit\u00eb komuniste n\u00eb frontet popullore dhe n\u00eb komitetet e \u00e7lirimit, n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn Latine qen\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht l\u00ebvizjet populiste e frym\u00ebzuara nga fashzimi ato q\u00eb organizonin masat shpesh n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb efikase se komunist\u00ebt: nga argjentinasi Per\u00f3n tek braziliani Vargas, duke kaluar tek peruani Haya de la Torre.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb frym\u00ebzuar nga fashizmi, t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb qart\u00eb: jo fashist\u00eb. Fashist\u00ebt doc, sidomos t\u00eb persekutuar nga Vargas n\u00eb Brazil, nuk arrinin t\u00eb kishin sukses p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb identifikimit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb tepruar me nj\u00eb model t\u00eb huaj. Paksa si vet\u00eb komunist\u00ebt. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, modeli mussolinian sh\u00ebrbente si reagent me njl tradit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lasht\u00eb kaudiliste t\u00eb \u201cpartis\u00eb amerikane\u201d, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb nga aty e pak m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrcente edhe majtas.<\/p>\n<p>Kastrizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb rezultat i k\u00ebtij udh\u00ebkryqi ku marksizmi n\u00eb praktik\u00eb kalon nga partia europiane n\u00eb partin\u00eb amerikane, duke u infektuar me nacionaliz\u00ebm dhe populiz\u00ebm. \u201cDamar\u00ebt e shqyer t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs Latine\u201d sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebr ta rishkruar historin\u00eb sipas k\u00ebsaj perspektive t\u00eb ndryshme: tiran\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr dhe diktator\u00ebt e demonizuar nga liberal\u00ebt b\u00ebhen heronj t\u00eb antiimperializmit dhe jan\u00eb liberal\u00ebt q\u00eb demonizohen si kuaj Troje t\u00eb t\u00eb huajit.<\/p>\n<p>Por historia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb komplekse. Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb tri sakt\u00ebsime midis mij\u00ebrave q\u00eb \u201cDamar\u00ebt e shqyer t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs Latine\u201d do t\u00eb meritonin: Francia dhe Rosas n\u00eb realitet qen\u00eb armiq midis tyre; liberal\u00ebt meksikan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb vij\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb huaj; s\u00eb fundmi, pse n\u00eb rivler\u00ebsimin e kaudilosve t\u00eb Tet\u00ebqind\u00ebs t\u00eb demonizuar nga Neruda Galleano harron ekuadorianin Garc\u00eda Moreno? Vet\u00ebm pse ishte nj\u00eb ultraklerikal absolutisht i parikuperuesh\u00ebm ndaj \u00e7do imagjinate t\u00eb majt\u00eb?<\/p>\n<p>Por ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb debat i m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm. Duke u kthyer tek Galeano: realiteti \u00ebsht\u00eb se Neruda ishte nj\u00eb togliatian rilindas, ai ishte ekuivalenti i nj\u00eb neoburboni. Nj\u00eb q\u00eb sikur t\u00eb kishte folur p\u00ebr historin\u00eb italiane do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte duke i quajtur t\u00eb 1000-\u00ebt e Garibaldit si agjent\u00eb t\u00eb imperializmit dhe do ta quante hero antiimperialist Fran\u00e7eskun e II e Dy Si\u00e7ilive.<\/p>\n<p>(Maurizio Stefanini p\u00ebr<em> Limes<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tri gjysm\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr shkrimtarin latinoamerikan Le ta fillojm\u00eb me tri provokime: Galeano nuk quhej Galeano; Galeano nuk ishte shkrimtar politik; Galeano nuk ishte i majt\u00eb. Paralajm\u00ebrojm\u00eb se nuk flitet p\u00ebr tri t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta, por p\u00ebr tri gjysm\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta, por q\u00eb si\u00e7 do ta shpjegojm\u00eb, jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakund\u00ebrshtueshme. Le ta fillojm\u00eb nga emri. &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":57364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57363"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57363"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57363\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}