Shum\u00eb kompani k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb avion\u00eb t\u00eb ushqyer nga bateri, por p\u00ebr momentin duket e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb avion t\u00eb mund t\u00eb fluturoj\u00eb me emetime zero.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb 16 dhjetor 2021 nj\u00eb grup njer\u00ebzish t\u00eb veshur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb informale, t\u00eb bukur dhe firmato \u2013 si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb tipike e startup t\u00eb Silicon Valley \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb mbledhur n\u00eb nj\u00eb pist\u00eb aterrimi n\u00eb dyert e Salinas n\u00eb California t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara. P\u00ebrpara tyre ishte nj\u00eb kapsul\u00eb e zez\u00eb dhe e ndritshme e mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb tre k\u00ebmb\u00eb t\u00eb brishta, nj\u00eb lloj kryq\u00ebzimi midis nj\u00eb suposte dhe nj\u00eb karreli golfi, me nj\u00eb bisht n\u00eb form\u00eb V si i ai nj\u00eb baleniere. N\u00eb krahun unik qen\u00eb 12 elika, 6 para dhe 6 pas, q\u00eb b\u00ebnin zhurm\u00eb si nj\u00eb makin\u00eb fshir\u00ebse e zhurmshme. Nd\u00ebrsa spektator\u00ebt spostohenin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb nervoze pesh\u00ebn nga nj\u00ebra k\u00ebmb\u00eb tek tjetra, makina \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur n\u00eb aj\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb prirur leht\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrpara dhe ka stacionuar n\u00eb fluturim p\u00ebr rreth 10 sekonda, p\u00ebr t\u2019u ulur m\u00eb pas but\u00ebsisht n\u00eb tok\u00eb. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb kan\u00eb duartrokitur dhe kan\u00eb shk\u00ebmbyer p\u00ebrqafime v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb leh\u00ebta. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb selin\u00eb e Archer Aviation n\u00eb Palo Alto, punonj\u00ebsit e kompanis\u00eb ekzaltoheshin duke e par\u00eb demonstrimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekran t\u00eb madh. Ishte fluturimi i par\u00eb kolaudues p\u00ebr Maker, versioni i Archer Aviation i nj\u00eb modeli t\u00eb ri avionit t\u00eb quajtur \u201cmjet elektrik p\u00ebr ulje dhe ngritje vertikale\u201d. Edhe pse akronimi i tij, EVTOL, \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u shqiptuar dhe jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jan\u00eb dakord se a duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e madhe. Basti i shum\u00eb investitor\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb se EVTOL, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb ta quajn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, do t\u00eb jen\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim i madh. 3 muaj p\u00ebrpara fluturimit kolaudues, Archer \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrir\u00eb me nj\u00eb spac, nj\u00eb tip kompanie e krijuar apostafat p\u00ebr t\u2019u kuotuar n\u00eb burs\u00eb, e njohur edhe si nj\u00eb kompani me \u00e7ek t\u00eb bardh\u00eb.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrjashtimi ndaj rregullit <\/strong><\/p>\n Duke u marr\u00eb me gj\u00ebra si k\u00ebmbimi i motor\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr Dornier apo transformimi i k\u00ebpuc\u00ebve t\u00eb gar\u00ebs t\u00eb qelbura me karburant, sigurisht nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet se aviacioni i mb\u00ebshtetsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse. EVTOL jan\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimi q\u00eb konfirmon rregullin. Mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr trupin e avionit t\u00eb personalizuar dhe komandat dixhitale t\u00eb\u00a0 fluturimit; p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn elikat e Maker vendosen n\u00eb pozicion horizontal p\u00ebr ngritjen dhe uljen, por priren p\u00ebr fluturimit; p\u00ebr premtimin e automatizimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Elektrikja e past\u00ebr la aft\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb flas\u00eb p\u00ebr estetik\u00ebn antiseptike dhe t\u00eb mburrur t\u00eb epok\u00ebs ton\u00eb. N\u00ebse g\u00ebrmohet midis mekanizmave t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb nj\u00eb Maker, do t\u2019i shikoni baterit\u00eb e sistemuara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt dhe disa kabllo; kabina ka arom\u00ebn e nj\u00eb makine me qira t\u00eb sapohigjienizuar. Pas fluturimit t\u00eb par\u00eb fatlum t\u00eb kolaudimit, Administratori i Deleguar i Archer, Adam Goldstein, do t\u00eb duhet t\u2019ia n\u00ebnshtroj\u00eb Maker certifikimit t\u00eb Federal Aviation Administration amerikane, nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb vite dhe kushton qindra milion dollar\u00eb. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton edhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitesh p\u00ebr prodhimin n\u00eb seri (Archer ka filluar edhe nj\u00eb partneritet me Stellantis, nj\u00eb prej prodhuesve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb makinave n\u00eb bot\u00eb), identifikimin e rrug\u00ebve dhe pistave ngrit\u00ebse n\u00eb dakord\u00ebsi me autoritetet vendore dhe p\u00ebrgatitjen e publikut p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ndryshim potencial n\u00eb zakonet e tyre t\u00eb fluturimit: momentin ku avioni k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb jet\u00eb si tren \u2013 q\u00eb zhvillon n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim me orare t\u00eb paracaktuara nga nj\u00ebra pik\u00eb tek tjetra dhe b\u00ebn bashk\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz \u2013 dhe do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet taksi. Qindra kompani kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e hiperkapitalizuar t\u00eb mobilitetit ajror urban, q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet e ardhshme do t\u2019i reduktoj\u00eb n\u00eb disa qindra operator\u00ebt n\u00eb gjendje t\u2019i durojn\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs. Joby, nj\u00eb nga konkurrentet kaliforniane t\u00eb Archer, dhe kompania gjermane Lilium jan\u00eb shtyr\u00eb p\u00ebrpara me pun\u00ebn e tyre, duke u bashkuar me nj\u00eb spac. N\u00eb janarin e 2022 Boeing ka investuar 450 milion dollar\u00eb n\u00eb Wisk Aero, nj\u00eb startup i financuar nga Larry Page, nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e Google. Pastaj jan\u00eb CityAirbus NextGen, programi i mobilitetit ajror urban i Airbus, dhe startup izraelian Urban Aeronautics, ku e vogla CityHawk shtyhet nga rotor\u00ebt e fshehur n\u00eb trupin e avionit dhe, sipas nj\u00eb komunikate t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer shtypi, \u201cka m\u00eb shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta me zogjt\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb folet\u00eb n\u00eb tavane sesa me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb prototip\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb EVTOL ekzistues\u201d. Por k\u00ebto investime do ta \u00e7ojn\u00eb industrin\u00eb n\u00eb objektivin e deklaruar t\u00eb saj, fluturimin me zero emetime?<\/p>\n N\u00eb 2018 emetimet e CO2 t\u00eb aviacionit civil p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonin rreth 2.4% t\u00eb emetimeve totale t\u00eb detyruara nga aktiviteti njer\u00ebzor, por efektet e aviacionit mbi klim\u00ebn shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej anhidridit karbonik, q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1\/3 e pesh\u00ebs s\u00eb sektorit n\u00eb kriz\u00ebn klimaterike. Nj\u00eb avion l\u00ebshon edhe okside azoti, okside squfuri, avull uji dhe gjurm\u00eb kondensimi: re artificiale formohen kur avulli i ujit kondensohet p\u00ebrreth bloz\u00ebs s\u00eb shkarkuar nga mjeti n\u00eb kuot\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Kjo p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht b\u00ebn t\u00eb rritet sasia e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb mb\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb. Jan\u00eb faktor\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasoj\u00eb mbi klim\u00ebn: efekti i tyre i kombinuar \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ngroh\u00eb, n\u00eb rastin e gjurm\u00ebve t\u00eb kondensimit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb intensive dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb anhidridit karbonik. Emetimet e avion\u00ebve n\u00eb kuot\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb impakt nga 2 n\u00eb 4 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madh respektivisht me ato t\u00eb emetimeve t\u00eb krahasueshme me ato l\u00ebshuara n\u00eb tok\u00eb. N\u00ebse mbajm\u00eb parasysh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, mund t\u00eb konstatojm\u00eb se aviacioni p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson rreth 3.5% t\u00eb ngrohjes s\u00eb shkaktuar nga aktiviteti njer\u00ebzor. Mund t\u00eb duket pak e krahasuar me rreth 6% t\u00eb sektorit t\u00eb \u00e7imentos dhe 17% t\u00eb transportit rrugor, por \u00e7imentoja \u00ebsht\u00eb praktikisht n\u00eb \u00e7do nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb e rrug\u00eb dhe makinat e kamion\u00ebt jan\u00eb jetik\u00eb p\u00ebr miliarda njer\u00ebz. Aviacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb mezi nj\u00eb aktivitet masiv dhe rrall\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor. Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e pasagjer\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00eb avioni nuk e merr at\u00eb p\u00ebr motive t\u00eb domosdhsme pune apo familjeje, por p\u00ebr t\u2019u d\u00ebfryer kur arrin n\u00eb destinacion. Aviacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00eb nderuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb aktiviteti rekreativ m\u00eb i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm n\u00eb qarkullim. N\u00eb nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim t\u00eb gjat\u00eb me makin\u00eb, t\u00eb themi 11 or\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshi ndalesat p\u00ebr t\u2019u mbushur me benzin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr nevoja t\u00eb tjera, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkohen rreth 1000 kilometra. N\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha vendet jan\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebna, sasia e karburantit t\u00eb konsumuar p\u00ebr \u00e7do pasagjer \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se 14 litra. Po n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat 11 or\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb avion linje p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr t\u00eb fluturuar nga Parisi n\u00eb San Francisco, nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb prej 8850 kilometrash, sasia mesatare e karburantit t\u00eb konsumuar p\u00ebr pdo pasagjer i kalon 300 litrat. Kjo n\u00ebse avioni \u00ebsht\u00eb plot, ama n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb gjys\u00ebm bosh, sasia p\u00ebr \u00e7do person \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n Kush ndot m\u00eb shum\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00eb nivel global, sektori i transporteve \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb prapa n\u00eb arritjen e objektivave klimaterik\u00eb. Aviacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma edhe m\u00eb prapa dhe ndan vendin e fundit me transportin detar. P\u00ebr shum\u00eb sektor\u00eb ekonomik\u00eb, kriza mjedisore e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb faktike parimin sipas t\u00eb cilit kush ndot, paguan. Nga carbon pricing <\/em>(\u00e7mimi i anhidridit karbonik) p\u00ebr centralet elektrike tek gjobat p\u00ebr bujqit q\u00eb ndosin lumenjt\u00eb, deri n\u00eb taksat e magazinimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur efektet e tejmbushjes turistike, ideja se kostoja e degradimit mjedisor duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet nga kush e shkakton p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar, edhe pse jo me d\u00ebshir\u00eb. Ama jo nga aviacioni. Klienti q\u00eb aviacioni trajton m\u00eb mir\u00eb, ai q\u00eb kompanit\u00eb ajrore adhurojn\u00eb m\u00eb pafytyr\u00ebsisht, frequent flyer <\/em>(kush merr shpesh avionin), \u00ebsht\u00eb kush ndot m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe sistemi m\u00eb logjik p\u00ebr ta reduktuar kontributin e aviacionit ndaj ngrohjes globale, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb fluturojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak, \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi q\u00eb kompanit\u00eb ajrore dhe aleat\u00ebt e tyre politik\u00eb refuzojn\u00eb ta marr\u00ebn n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb. Industria e aviacionit mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb eksepsionalizmin e saj, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i pandar\u00eb nga ndjenja e tij e legjitimimit dhe pasqyrohet n\u00eb privilegjet q\u00eb g\u00ebzon. Akoma sot n\u00eb aviacion nuk ka nj\u00eb ekuivalent t\u00eb taks\u00ebs q\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuara, t\u00eb peshoj\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1\/3 e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb paguar nga nj\u00eb automobilist tek pika e benzin\u00ebs. Biletat p\u00ebr fluturimet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nuk jan\u00eb subjekte t\u00eb TVSH. Si transporti detar, sektor tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb shp\u00ebton \u00eb juridiksionet komb\u00ebtare, aviacioni transkufitar mungon nga Marr\u00ebveshja e Parisit p\u00ebr Ndryshimet Klimaterike t\u00eb 2015, edhe prej v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u2019ju atribuar p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb emetimeve t\u00eb fluturimeve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, ku nj\u00eb kompani fluturon nga nj\u00eb shtet tek tjetri dhe m\u00eb pas n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr akoma.<\/p>\n N\u00eb 2016 Organizata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Aviacionin Civil (ICAO), q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton standardet dhe rekomandimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sektorin, ka miratuar nj\u00eb program kompensimi dhe reduktimi emetimesh t\u00eb anhidridit karbonik p\u00ebr transportin ajror nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, t\u00eb quajtur CORSIA, q\u00eb synon t\u00eb stabilizohen emetimet n\u00eb nivelet e 2020. Mekanizmi parashikon q\u00eb kompanit\u00eb ajrore t\u00eb blejn\u00eb kredite emetimi, duke mbjell\u00eb pem\u00eb, investuar n\u00eb centrale fotovoltaike apo duke shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb soba me emetime t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kund\u00ebrbalancuar rritjen e emetimeve p\u00ebrtej limitit t\u00eb caktuar. Kompensimi i CO2 urrehet nga organizatat ambientaliste, sipas t\u00eb cilave pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e reduktimeve t\u00eb parashikuara nga CORSIA do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do rast. Edhe kur, n\u00eb 2027, do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet i detyruesh\u00ebm (India, Kina dhe Rusia jan\u00eb midis vendeve q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb aderuar), programi nuk do t\u00eb shtrihet n\u00eb fluturimet e brendshme, q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1\/3 e emetimeve t\u00eb sektorit. P\u00ebr aviacionin \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mbetet larg nga fushata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare kund\u00ebr kriz\u00ebs klimaterike. N\u00eb tetorin e\u00a0 2022 an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e ICAO kan\u00eb adoptuar \u201cnj\u00eb objektiv kolektiv afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb emetimeve zero brenda 2050\u201d. Willie Walsh, Drejtor i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i IATA, shoqat\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb kompanive ajrore dhe ish Administrator i Deleguar i British Airways, ka th\u00ebn\u00eb: \u201cKompanit\u00eb ajrore t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebs kan\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb vendim historik. Me p\u00ebrpjekjet kolektive e t\u00eb gjitha aktiviteteve t\u00eb sektorit dhe politikave mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, aviacioni do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb emetime neto baraz me zero brenda 2050\u201d. Por m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb kapesh nga entuziazmi p\u00ebr vendimin e IATA dhe objektivin jodetyrues t\u00eb ICAO, duhet kujtuar se t\u00eb dyja autorizojn\u00eb t\u00eb rriten emetimet deri n\u00eb skadimin e CORSIA, n\u00eb 2035.<\/p>\n N\u00eb ndryshim nga shum\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebrpjekjet e dekarbonizimit t\u00eb aviacionit sapo kan\u00eb filluar. Midis t\u00eb gjithae teknologjit\u00eb n\u00eb maj\u00eb p\u00ebr dominimin e t\u00eb ardhmes hipotetike t\u00eb aviacionit t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se cila \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo me mund\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha suksesi. Mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsit e fluturimit t\u00eb ushqyer me hidrogjen n\u00ebnvizojn\u00eb se ky element i mahnitsh\u00ebm mund t\u00eb magazinoj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe energjie me emetime zero; problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se hidrogjeni z\u00eb shum\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkon ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha e t\u00eb kushtueshme n\u00eb projektimin e avion\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb infrastrukturave n\u00eb tok\u00eb. Kush propozon p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb lloj karburanti t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr aviacionin (SAF) e quajtur e-fuel<\/em>, i prodhuar duke e marr\u00eb anhidridin karbonik nga ajri dhe duke e kombinuar kimikisht me hidrogjenin, mendon se biokarburantet ndosin thuajse sa hidrokarburet q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojn\u00eb. Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara administrata e Joe Biden i ka v\u00ebn\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht biokarburantet, e nxjerra nga kultura t\u00eb prodhuara n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin, n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb plani p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur prodhimin e SAF n\u00eb 11 miliard litra n\u00eb vit brenda 2030 (vitin e kaluar \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur n\u00eb rreth 60 milion). Disa shohin nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi n\u00eb sekuestrimin e magazinimin e CO2, q\u00eb konsiston n\u00eb kapjen e anhidridit karbonik t\u00eb prodhuar nga industria m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb l\u00ebshohet n\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebn dhe ta magazinoj\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00eb. Sipas t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i kushtuesh\u00ebm dhe i kot\u00eb. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb bien dakord me talljen e elektricitetit, p\u00ebrjashto investitor\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb vendosur miliarda n\u00eb fluturimin elektrik. Ama ka nj\u00eb an\u00eb pozitive. Mij\u00ebra startup dhe deg\u00eb t\u00eb reja t\u00eb brendshme n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb q\u00eb investojn\u00eb resurse n\u00eb teknologji p\u00ebr fluturim me emetim zero. \u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb ky kolos hijer\u00ebnd\u00eb, k\u00ebrkues, miklues dhe kund\u00ebr ndryshimin q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aviacioni modern po rimbulon kuraj\u00ebn e pilot\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe q\u00eb, duke marr\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb fundi p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre, t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb eliminoj\u00eb gazin ser\u00eb q\u00eb ka emetuar pa e var\u00eb mendjen p\u00ebr dekada t\u00eb t\u00ebra.<\/p>\n Asnj\u00eb ekzagjerim <\/strong><\/p>\n EVTOL kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb t\u00ebrheqin v\u00ebmendje n\u00eb 2016, kur Uber Elevate, dega p\u00ebr mobilitetin ajror urban t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb s\u00eb famshme t\u00eb mobilitetit dhe dor\u00ebzimeve n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, ka botuar nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim ku p\u00ebrdorimi i mjeteve t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb ushqyer me elektricitet nga burime t\u00eb rinovueshme \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb programi m\u00eb t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb dekarbonizimi. Uber Elevate deklaronte se fal\u00eb nj\u00eb prodhimi n\u00eb seri t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me at\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin automobilistik k\u00ebta pajisje do t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin \u201cnj\u00eb form\u00eb e aksesueshme transporti t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr masat, deri m\u00eb pak e kushtueshme se nj\u00eb automobil\u201d. Nj\u00eb val\u00eb tjet\u00ebr buje ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb 2019, kur banka e biznesit Morgan Stanley ka th\u00ebn\u00eb se brenda 2040 tregu i mjeteve urbane autonome mund t\u00eb arrinte n\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00eb prej 1500 miliard dollar\u00ebsh, duke ngjallur orekset e investitor\u00ebve. M\u00eb pas Morgan Stanley e ka reduktuar vler\u00ebsimin n\u00eb 1000 miliard, ama duke konfirmuar parashikimin se EVTOL do t\u00eb ken\u00eb pasoja mbi transportin po aq epokale se ato q\u00eb pati automobili n\u00eb fillimet e \u2018900 dhe fluturimet treg\u00ebtare t\u00eb linj\u00ebs pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. \u201cNdryshime radikale t\u00eb modaliteteve t\u00eb transportit\u201d, v\u00ebrente banka, \u201cm\u00eb shum\u00eb se \u201ckanibalizimi\u201d i formave t\u00eb transportit aktuale rishpiken dhe ridmensionojn\u00eb tregun, shpesh me rende t\u00eb ndryshme madh\u00ebsie\u201d.<\/p>\n Archer do t\u2019u shes\u00eb direkt kompanive ajrore, si n\u00eb 2021, kur United Airlines ka b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi prej 1 miliard dollar\u00ebsh p\u00ebr avion\u00ebt e saj, me nj\u00eb opsion p\u00ebr nj\u00eb porosi tjet\u00ebr prej 500 milion\u00ebsh. Objektivi i dyt\u00eb i kompanis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb platform\u00eb ride sharing<\/em>: \u201cmarrja\u201d e nj\u00eb Archer do t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebsh nj\u00eb aplikacion p\u00ebr t\u00eb prenotuar nj\u00eb vend uljeje n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet q\u00eb niset n\u00eb harkun e 20 minutave af\u00ebr sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. Nj\u00eb gar\u00eb q\u00eb mrekullisht nuk do ta shtr\u00ebngoj\u00eb pasagjerin t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb pal\u00ebvizur n\u00eb trafik p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra. Goldstein m\u00eb ka treguar nj\u00eb video t\u00eb 2020 ku Jay Merkle, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi i Federal Aviation Administration q\u00eb merret me certifikimet, thot\u00eb: \u201cNdoshta pyetja m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb m\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb: \u201cV\u00ebrtet po i nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb?\u201d. Po, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb ekzagjerim, kemi t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 6 mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb nisur procedura e certifikimit, hapi i par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb operativ n\u00eb avion t\u00eb ri\u201d. N\u00eb 2021 Archer ka kaluar nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, duke u afruar me certifikimin e plot\u00eb treg\u00ebtar. M\u00ebnyra me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Shtetet e Bashkuara kontribuojn\u00eb fuqimisht n\u00eb kriz\u00ebn klimaterike p\u00ebr ta xhiruar m\u00eb pas problemin duke e transformuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi biznesi \u00ebsht\u00eb magjeps\u00ebse. Tek Archer atmosfera nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e err\u00ebt dhe apokaliptike si n\u00eb disa startup europiane. Ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb efekti i diellit t\u00eb California, por ideja se mund t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb sektor i ri aviacioni dike p\u00ebrdorur komponent\u00eb nga e gjith\u00eb bota dhe kjo i b\u00ebn edhe mir\u00eb klim\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e brend\u00ebsuar pa hezitime. Hipoteza se asnj\u00eb problem me origjin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i madh sa nuk mund t\u00eb tejkalohet dhe bile duhet g\u00ebzuar sepse zgjidhja k\u00ebrkon p\u00ebrdorimin dhe fam\u00ebn e fitimit t\u00eb qenieve njer\u00ebzore, nxjerr jasht\u00eb an\u00ebn m\u00eb cinike time (nuk do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb shmangej krijimi i problemit?). Por kur kam takuar Geoff Bower, kryeinxhinier i Archer me nj\u00eb fytyr\u00eb prej djaloshi, q\u00eb shkon n\u00eb pun\u00eb me nj\u00eb Tesla dhe e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb tez\u00ebn e doktoratur\u00ebs n\u00eb Stanford University mbi at\u00eb sesi albatros\u00ebt fluturojn\u00eb mbi vullkan ka i l\u00ebvizur krah\u00ebt (shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb korrentet), kam kuptuar se problemi nuk jan\u00eb abstragimet dhe ndjenja e fajit, \u00ebsht\u00eb fizika.<\/p>\n Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ngrihesh dhe t\u00eb ulesh. Sa m\u00eb madhe sip\u00ebrfaqja e rotor\u00ebve, aq m\u00eb pak fuqi duhet p\u00ebr t\u2019u ngritur, por aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb duhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb udh\u00ebtuar me shpejtosi kro\u00e7iere, pasi rezistenca aerodinamike \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe. Archer po k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb arrij\u00eb nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr midis sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb rotor\u00ebve dhe rezistenc\u00ebs aerodinamike, duke i prirur 6 elikat ballore t\u00eb Maker dhe duke i besuar krah\u00ebve fiks\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb nj\u00eb fluturim horizontal. Por midis t\u00eb gjitha teknologjive n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e zhvillimit, baterit\u00eb elektrike ofrojn\u00eb patjet\u00ebr fuqin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr pesh\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. Nj\u00eb lit\u00ebr benzin\u00eb ka nj\u00eb kapacitet prej 13 kilovator\u00ebsh (kw). Nj\u00eb bateri 1 kilogram\u00ebshe me jone litiumi ka nj\u00eb kapacitet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se 0.3 kilovator\u00ebsh. N\u00ebse mundeimi edhe vet\u00ebm ta konsiderojm\u00eb se ideja e aeroplan\u00ebve elektrik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb merit\u00eb e Elon Musk. Kompania e tij, Tesla, ka b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se \u00e7do biznes tjet\u00ebr publik apo privat p\u00ebr t\u00eb stimuluar p\u00ebrparimet n\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb baterive me jone litiumi. K\u00ebta mjeran\u00eb 0.3 kilovator\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb realitet 5 her\u00eb superior\u00eb se baterit\u00eb e vjetra plumb \u2013 acid. Motor\u00ebt elektrik\u00eb jan\u00eb midis 2 dhe 3 her\u00eb m\u00eb efikas\u00eb se motor\u00ebt me djegie t\u00eb brendshme dhe baterit\u00eb mund t\u00eb rikarikohen. Edhe sikur n\u00eb aeroplan elektrik n\u00eb fluturim nuk prodhon CO2, oksid azoti apo avull uji, nuk n\u00ebnkupton se i b\u00ebn mir\u00eb klim\u00ebs. Efektet e EVTOL varen nga faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. I pari jan\u00eb komponent\u00ebt. Pasojat mund t\u00eb zbuten me riciklimin: baterit\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb tok\u00eb shum\u00eb pasi ezaurohet p\u00ebrdorimi i tyre n\u00eb fluturim dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen EVTOL mund t\u00eb realizohen n\u00eb termoplastik\u00eb t\u00eb riplazmueshme, por, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pdo gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, mb\u00ebshtetshm\u00ebria e avion\u00ebve elektrik\u00eb varet nga vjen elektriciteti p\u00ebr t\u00eb karikuar baterit\u00eb.<\/p>\n Intensiteti i karbonit t\u00eb nj\u00eb teknologjie \u00ebsht\u00eb masa e emetimeve t\u00eb CO2 apo ekuivalentit t\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb ciklin e jet\u00eb si saj (q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin materialet, fabrikimin, p\u00ebrdorimin, demolimin dhe prishjen) respektivisht megazhul\u00ebve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb konsumuar. P\u00ebrparimet q\u00eb aviacioni elektrik do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb b\u00ebhet v\u00ebrtet i mb\u00ebshtetsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr klim\u00ebn jan\u00eb t\u00eb ilustruara n\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb 2019 t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebsh mjedisor\u00eb dhe t\u00eb aviacionit t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar dhe t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara mbi intensitetin mesatar t\u00eb emetimit t\u00eb CO2 t\u00eb rrjetit elektrik amerikan n\u00eb 2015, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb llogaritur se nj\u00eb avion elektrik do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb intensitet karboni m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb se 20% respektivisht mjeteve modern\u00eb me motor me reagim, edhe pse, duke mbajtur parasysh efektet jo t\u00eb lidhura me CO2 (midis t\u00eb cil\u00ebve oksidet e azotit dhe gjurm\u00ebt e kondensimit), vler\u00ebsimi ridimensionohet me rreth 30%. Sipas parashikimeve t\u00eb Agjencis\u00eb Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Energjis\u00eb (IEA), k\u00ebrkesa bot\u00ebrore e energjis\u00eb elektrike thuajse do t\u00eb dyfishohet midis 2010 e 2040 (pa mbajtur parasysh elektrifikimin e aviacionit apo t\u00eb transportit me rrug\u00eb tok\u00ebsore) dhe emetiket e lidhura me prodhimin e elektricitetit do t\u00eb reduktohen me vet\u00ebm 5%, pasi do t\u00eb vazhdohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret karboni. N\u00eb Indi marrja e nj\u00eb treni elektrik mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e d\u00ebmshme p\u00ebr klim\u00ebn sesa marrja e nj\u00eb avioni. N\u00ebse faktikisht ushqehen nj\u00eb avion duke \u00ebrdorur elektricitetin e rrjetit brazilian, q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzon nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb lart\u00eb burimesh t\u00eb rinovueshme, emetimet do t\u00eb jen\u00eb sipas \u00e7do gjase m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta sesa n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, ku pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e elektricitetit vjen nga karboni. Asgj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet e respektueshme p\u00ebr klim\u00ebn p\u00ebrve\u00e7 gjith\u00eb asaj q\u00eb e rrethon \u00ebsht\u00eb respektuese e klim\u00ebs dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb, natyrisht, asnj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtues avion\u00ebsh \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje ta garantoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb rreth i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm<\/strong><\/p>\n EVTOL \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb produkt treg\u00ebtar apo \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb ark\u00eb kund\u00ebr kriz\u00ebs klimaterike? Kjo pyetje n\u00eb sillej n\u00eb kok\u00eb teksa nga Salinas kthehesha n\u00eb aeroportin e San Francisco. Disa jav\u00eb pasi Richard Aboulafia, nj\u00eb analist i kompanis\u00eb se konsulenc\u00ebs AeroDynamic Advisory, m\u00eb ka shpjeguar se teknologjit\u00eb e aviacionit t\u00eb riprodhueshme n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb shpesh jan\u00eb ato m\u00eb pak t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetshmet p\u00ebr mjedisin. I ka p\u00ebrshkruar EVTOL si \u201cnj\u00eb rreth i puditsh\u00ebm ku t\u00eb gjith\u00eb se gj\u00ebja p\u00ebr t\u2019u financuar \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb b\u00ebn m\u00eb pak mir\u00eb\u201d. Dekarbonizim nuk n\u00ebnkupton t\u00eb krijosh nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb re emetimesh, p\u00ebr sa brilant mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb reduktimi i impaktit t\u00eb tyre. N\u00ebnkupton t\u00eb \u00e7lirohesh nga ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebmshme p\u00ebr mjedisin dhe t\u00eb vendos\u00ebsh n\u00eb vendin e saj di\u00e7ka q\u00eb mungon ose, m\u00eb mir\u00eb akoma, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak. Aboulafia ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb dyshoj\u00eb se EVTOL b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Resurset financiare dhe intelektuale p\u00ebr t\u2019u investuar n\u00eb sektor jan\u00eb nj\u00eb lajm i shk\u00eblqyer, por m\u00ebnyra e vetme p\u00ebr ta ndihmuar klim\u00ebn n\u00eb kuptimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm \u2013 dometh\u00ebn\u00eb edhe q\u00eb efektet q\u00eb po e shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb se fluturimi elektrik mb\u00ebshtet ngarkesat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda n\u00eb distancat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe hyn n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e aviacionit n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. N\u00ebse pranojm\u00eb se aktualisht karburantet e mb\u00ebshtetshme jan\u00eb rruga e vetme p\u00ebr fluturimin n\u00eb distanca t\u00eb gjata me emetime zero, \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb themi p\u00ebr fluturimet n\u00ebn 800 kilometra? Dy strategji elektrike p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb mundshme. Ajo m\u00eb e afr\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb elektrikja hibride. Nj\u00eb motor hibrid funksionon duke djegur ndonj\u00eb lloj karburanti dhe duke p\u00ebrdorur energjin\u00eb e prodhuar p\u00ebr karikimin e baterive.<\/p>\n N\u00eb qershorin e 2022 Rolls-Royce, prodhuesi bot\u00ebror i dyt\u00eb m\u00eb i madh n\u00eb bot\u00eb p\u00ebr motor\u00ebt e avion\u00ebve, ka paraqitur prototipin e nj\u00eb motori t\u00eb ri, nj\u00eb turbogjeneratori q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor karburantin p\u00ebr t\u2019i xhiruar direkt elikat apo p\u00ebr t\u00eb karikuar baterit\u00eb n\u00eb bord, duke i mund\u00ebsuar mjetit t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb burim ushqimi tek tjetro sipas faz\u00ebs s\u00eb fluturimit dhe t\u00eb sesa energji mbetet n\u00eb baterit\u00eb. Gjeneratori mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb fuqi midis 500 e 1200 kw, n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ushqej\u00eb nj\u00eb avion me korridor t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se rreth 250 kilometrash q\u00eb sot p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb limitin maksimal t\u00eb EVTOL m\u00eb ambicioz\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar emetimet, piloti mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb nga ushqimi me bateri gjat\u00eb fazave t\u00eb fluturimit ku emetohet m\u00eb shum\u00eb CO2, duke i kaluar pjes\u00ebt e atmosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb pajisura me akull (p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar gjurm\u00ebt e kondensimit) apo gjat\u00eb ngritjes dhe uljes. Por emetimet do t\u00eb jen\u00eb gjith\u00ebsesi, jan\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangsh\u00ebm. Zgjidhja nul \u00ebsht\u00eb hibridi, por elektrifikimi total, por q\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor t\u00eb rendimentit t\u00eb baterive. Nga fillimi i mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arit nj\u00eb aktivitet frenetik k\u00ebrkimi dhe zhvillimi ka mund\u00ebsuar t\u00eb rritet fuqia e baterive me jone litimumi me rreth 4% \u00e7do vit. Nga baterit\u00eb me jone litiumi me voltazh t\u00eb lart\u00eb q\u00eb po zhvillon Rolls-Royce tek baterit\u00eb me litium aj\u00ebr t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb 2022 nga Instituti Komb\u00ebtar i Shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Materialeve t\u00eb Japonis, duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr baterin\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb e studiuar nga startup amerikane QuantumScape, elementi vendimtar i aviacionit elektrik do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet edhe m\u00eb i leht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm. Pyetje e vetme \u00ebsht\u00eb sa koh\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet.<\/p>\n Dit\u00eb e nat\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb laborator t\u00eb Carnegie Mellon University t\u00eb Pittsburgh, robot\u00ebt e kontrolluar nga Venkat Viswanathan, nj\u00eb prej ekspert\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb baterive n\u00eb bot\u00eb, b\u00ebjn\u00eb eksperimente p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar rendimentin e tyre. N\u00eb 2021 Viswanathan dhe kolegu Shashank Sripad kan\u00eb shkruar se \u201cnj\u00eb fuqi specifike\u201d, dend\u00ebsia, \u201ce baterive prej 800 vator\u00eb p\u00ebr kilogram do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrihet nga mesi i shekullit\u201d. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, n\u00eb 2050 baterit\u00eb me jone litiumi do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb afta t\u00eb ushqejn\u00eb nj\u00eb A320 apo nj\u00eb Boeing 737 me korridor t\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr 600 milje detare (m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1000 kilometra) q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb larg\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb rruge rajonale. Duke hipotezuar se p\u00ebrparimet do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb, mjetet elektrike \u201cme nj\u00eb kapacitet p\u00ebrshkrimi prej 1200 miljesh detare (m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2000 kilometra) mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb 80% t\u00eb nisjeve\u201d. Por aft\u00ebsia n\u00eb laborator nuk implikon domosdoshm\u00ebrisht aft\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn reale. Si\u00e7 m\u00eb ka shpjeguar ver\u00ebn e kaluar Alan Epstein, ish z\u00ebvend\u00ebspresident i Deg\u00ebs Teknologjike dhe Mjedisit t\u00eb Pratt & Whitney dhe Profesor i Merituar i Massachussetts Institute of Technology: \u201cDuhet dalluar midis fluturimit dhe gjat\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb rrug\u00ebs. P\u00ebr rretj 2200 kilometra \u2013 masa mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb sipas kushteve meterologjike dhe t\u00eb trafikut sipas or\u00ebs s\u00eb nisjes \u2013 avion\u00ebt e linj\u00ebs do t\u00eb ngarkojn\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 50% karburant m\u00eb pak se ai q\u00eb sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkuar distanc\u00ebn e p\u00ebrcaktuar\u201d. Motivi \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb rast ngjarjesh t\u00eb paparashikuara \u201cduhet t\u00eb mund t\u00eb devijosh drejt nj\u00eb aeroporti tjet\u00ebr dhe shpesh dalja e vetme t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nj\u00eb pilot \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dijeni \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo nga e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur\u201d. N\u00ebse karburanti \u00ebsht\u00eb keroseni, q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb dend\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb energjitike, ngarkesa e tepruar mund \u00eb transportohet pa shum\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n N\u00ebse i aplikohet fluturimit elektrik megjithat\u00eb parimi i kapacitetit n\u00eb tepri e prish ekuilibrin delikat midis baterive dhe distanc\u00ebs. \u201cKjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb avion me autonomi fluturimi prej 800 kilometrasj mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb fluturoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr 300 apo 400 kilometrash\u201d, shpjegon Epstein. T\u00eb gjith\u00ebve u p\u00eblqen t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb pozitivisht, por e v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se askush nuk e di v\u00ebrtet sesa t\u00eb shpejta do t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebrparimet e teknologjis\u00eb t\u00eb aplikuar tek baterit\u00eb. Dy dit\u00ebt q\u00eb kam kaluar tek Archer kan\u00eb qen\u00eb krenaria e got\u00ebs gjys\u00ebm plot, por m\u00eb pas, nga fundi i vizit\u00ebs, pas q\u00eb Bower m\u2019i ka shpjeguar me durim formulat e tij, kam ndjer\u00eb arom\u00ebn familjare dhe shqet\u00ebsuese t\u00eb aviacionit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. \u201cE gjith\u00eb kjo ekselenc\u00eb teknike \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb mir\u00eb\u201d, kam thon\u00eb, \u201cdekarbonizimi i aviacionit mund t\u00eb komprometohet nga rritja e numrit t\u00eb pasagjer\u00ebve. Relativisht pak njer\u00ebz n\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e zhvillimit jan\u00eb ngjitur n\u00eb n\u00eb avion dhe shum\u00eb do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb interesuar ta provonin. \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb?\u201d. \u201cKy \u00ebsht\u00eb problemi afatgjat\u00eb m\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr aviacionin\u201d, ka pranuar nj\u00eb prej inxhinier\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb aerohap\u00ebsinor\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. \u201cP\u00ebrgjigjen nuk e kam\u201d.<\/p>\n (Christopher de Bellaigue \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gazetar, autor i librit <\/em>Flying green. On the frontiers of new aviation (Columbia Global Reports 2023), nga ku \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb ky artikull.<\/em>)<\/p>\n P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Shum\u00eb kompani k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb avion\u00eb t\u00eb ushqyer nga bateri, por p\u00ebr momentin duket e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb avion t\u00eb mund t\u00eb fluturoj\u00eb me emetime zero. M\u00eb 16 dhjetor 2021 nj\u00eb grup njer\u00ebzish t\u00eb veshur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb informale, t\u00eb bukur dhe firmato \u2013 si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb tipike e startup t\u00eb Silicon Valley \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb mbledhur n\u00eb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":52767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52766"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52766"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52766\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}