{"id":50749,"date":"2023-07-10T08:08:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-10T08:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=50749"},"modified":"2023-07-10T08:08:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T08:08:00","slug":"fundi-i-shperdorimeve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/07\/10\/fundi-i-shperdorimeve\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundi i shp\u00ebrdorimeve"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00c7do vit nxjerrim nga n\u00ebntoka miliarda ton materiale, q\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe m\u00eb pas i flakim tej. Nj\u00eb sistem i pamb\u00ebshtetsh\u00ebm. Sh\u00ebrben nj\u00eb ekonomi e vetme rrethore e bazuar mbi m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb reja prodhimi t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shum\u00eb prej nesh, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn ata q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb zonat m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, kan\u00eb ndjesin\u00eb se blejn\u00eb, posedojn\u00eb dhe hedhin shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra. Ka mund\u00ebsi ndjehemi nj\u00eb \u00e7ik\u00eb n\u00eb faj p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ndoshta kemi provuar t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb di\u00e7ka, p\u00ebr shembull duke hequr dor\u00eb nga kano\u00e7et plastike, tuke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb \u00e7ant\u00eb prej me fije p\u00ebr Pazar apo duke ndar\u00eb me mundim pleh\u00ebrat p\u00ebr t\u2019u mund\u00ebsuar ricklimin. Por ndoshta jemi edhe t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr fakti q\u00eb kjo nuk mjafton. P\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar nevojat e tij, sot njer\u00ebzimi p\u00ebrdor rreth 100 miliard ton me material \u00e7do vit. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 90% e materialit t\u00eb virgj\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb me m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme nga sip\u00ebrfaqja tok\u00ebsore. Vet\u00ebm me 30 miliard ton prodhojm\u00eb di\u00e7ka q\u00eb mbetet. Pjesa e tjet\u00ebr digjet si l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse apo p\u00ebrdoret me shpejt\u00ebsi dhe flaket tej, dhe p\u00ebrfundon p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndotur tok\u00ebn, ujin dhe ajrin, duke prodhuar emetime gazi ser\u00eb q\u00eb influencojn\u00eb mbi klim\u00ebn. Ka ndonj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb? Ideja e nj\u00eb ekonomie rrethore, ku praktikisht rip\u00ebrdoret gjith\u00e7ka dhe faktikisht mbeturinat nuk jan\u00eb, ekziston tashm\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh. Zakonisht likudiohet si di\u00e7ka e vagullt dhe utopike, por koh\u00ebt e fundit toni i debatit ka ndryshuar. Jo vet\u00ebm pse m\u00eb s\u00eb fundi kemi kuptuar p\u00ebr impaktin ton\u00eb ndaj planetit dhe t\u00eb problemeve q\u00eb po krijohen, por edhe pse kemi shum\u00eb ide dhe teknologji p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb vet\u00ebveten dhe modelet tona t\u00eb konsumit m\u00eb pak t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme dhe deri t\u00eb dobishme. Nj\u00eb sistem m\u00eb rrethor dhe i mb\u00ebshtetsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar nevojat tona materiale sigurisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, por n\u00ebse duam t\u2019i plot\u00ebsojm\u00eb duhet t\u00eb revolucinarizojm\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn ton\u00eb e t\u00eb jetuarit.<\/p>\n<p>Ekonomia \u201clineare\u201d aktuale \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb realitet nj\u00eb risi relativisht e vonshme. P\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb historis\u00eb njer\u00ebzore nevojat materiale e qenieve njer\u00ebzore jan\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur me resurse t\u00eb thjeshta, kryesisht natyrore: dru, gur\u00eb, metale dhe gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb mund t\u00eb grumbullonim, g\u00ebrmuar apo prer\u00eb. Transformimi n\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb dobishme k\u00ebrkonte lodhje dhe djers\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb objektet qen\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjatur dhe riparoheshin shum\u00eb her\u00eb gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs tyre. Kur n\u00eb fund binin copa copa, shum\u00eb komponente qen\u00eb rip\u00ebrdorur apo kalbeshin, duke ushqyer terrenin. Por gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb fundit rritja e popullsis\u00eb, rritja e pasuris\u00eb dhe progresin teknologjik na kan\u00eb \u00e7uar t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra dhe shpesh m\u00eb komplekse. Materialet plastike, substancat kimike t\u00eb nxjerra nga nafta dhe t\u00eb salduara bashk\u00eb n\u00eb nivel molekular, jan\u00eb ato p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat flitet m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Por n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim guri dhe druri jan\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar gjer\u00ebsisht nga \u00e7imentoja dhe nga \u00e7eliku, materiale shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t\u2019u rip\u00ebrdorur apo ricikluar. Magnet\u00ebt, t\u00eb kudondodhur n\u00eb gaxhetet moderne elektronike, jan\u00eb n\u00eb shembull m\u00eb pak i natyrsh\u00ebm: shpesh b\u00ebhen me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje element\u00ebsh t\u00eb rrall\u00eb dhe ekzotik\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb pas \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u2019i ndash s\u00ebrish.<\/p>\n<p>Nga momenti q\u00eb k\u00ebto materiale duhet t\u00eb nxirren dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunohen, k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb energji, q\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi sigurohet duke djegur l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile. N\u00eb dekadat e ardhshme kjo do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb, pasi po k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojm\u00eb burimet fosile dhe burimet t\u00eb rinovueshme. Por nxjerrja e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para ka ende nj\u00eb impakt t\u00eb madh ndaj mjedisit dhe edhe vet\u00ebm ajo e hidrokarbureve t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar plastik\u00ebn l\u00ebshon sasia t\u00eb m\u00ebdha metani dhe gazesh t\u00eb tjera tok\u00eb. Duhet t\u00eb konsiderojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb u ndodh produkteve tona n\u00eb termin e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre t\u00eb dobishme. Shum\u00eb materiale degradojn\u00eb me ngadal\u00eb, duke humbur substanca kimike ndot\u00ebse ne vendet e shkarkimit apo duke formuar vorbulla t\u00eb m\u00ebdha me mbeturina n\u00eb oqeane. Alternativat rrethore bazohen sidomos mbi 4 parime ky\u00e7e: t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren m\u00eb pak gj\u00ebra, t\u2019i p\u00ebrdor\u00eb m\u00eb gjat\u00eb, t\u2019i ricikloj\u00eb dhe, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, t\u00eb sigurohen produkte q\u00eb rigjenerojn\u00eb natyr\u00ebn. T\u00eb ricikloj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb rip\u00ebrdor\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb gj\u00ebrat \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebnisja e pjes\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb tentativave t\u00eb b\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur nj\u00eb ekonomi rrethore. Jan\u00eb themelore dy numra: p\u00ebrqindja e riciklimit me fundin e jet\u00ebn, q\u00eb tregon sesa pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb produkti p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dhe p\u00ebrqindja e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb ricikluar, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb sesa nga nj\u00eb produkt i ri p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga materiale t\u00eb ricikluar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sa m\u00eb past\u00ebr, aq m\u00eb mir\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb 2017 Ellen MacArthur Foundation, nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb benefitare britanike q\u00eb promovon ekonomin\u00eb rrethore, ia ka zbatuar k\u00ebto kritere veshjes, nj\u00eb sektor q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb impakt t\u00eb fort\u00eb. Ka zbuluar se rreth 12% e resurseve \u00ebsht\u00eb rikuperuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb produkt tjet\u00ebr me vler\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, por vet\u00ebm 3% e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para \u2013 pambuk, plastik\u00eb dhe materiale t\u00eb tjera \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb produkt i riciklimit. Pak veshje t\u00eb reja jan\u00eb realizuar me materiale t\u00eb ricikluar dhe, kur veshjet riciklohen, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ndodh shpesh, zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i transformuar n\u00eb gj\u00ebra si izolues apo veshje p\u00ebr dyshek\u00ebt. Me rrobat, ashtu si me shum\u00eb produkte t\u00eb tjera, riciklimi \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh nj\u00eb <em>downcycling<\/em> apo deklasim i thjesht\u00eb. Pasja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mbi at\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim apo mbi at\u00eb sesi i p\u00ebrdorim nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kurr\u00eb e leht\u00eb. M\u00eb 2011 Thomas Graedel i Yale University ka kontribuar n\u00eb prodhimin e asaj q\u00eb mbetet vler\u00ebsimi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i p\u00ebrqindjeve t\u00eb riciklimit t\u00eb metaleve. \u201cMetoda jon\u00eb ka qen\u00eb ajo e mbledhjes s\u00eb nja 20 personave q\u00eb mendonim se mund t\u00eb b\u00ebnin nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb mir\u00eb\u201d, pohon Graedel. Midis k\u00ebtyre kishte menaxhues vendesh shkarkimi, teknik\u00eb riciklimi dhe ekspert\u00eb materialesh, q\u00eb p\u00ebr 3 dit\u00eb kan\u00eb diskutuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat dhe kan\u00eb debatuar. \u201cKa mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb rezultati nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se mos miratohet nj\u00eb ligj q\u00eb i k\u00ebrkon kujtdo q\u00eb menaxhon riciklimin t\u00eb sinjalizoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, duke k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar me kontrolle n\u00ebse nuk e b\u00ebn\u201d, pohon Graedel.<\/p>\n<p>Studimi i Graedel e ka ndar\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb metaleve n\u00eb 2 grupe: ato me p\u00ebrqindje riciklimi mjaft t\u00eb larta (m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se 50%) dhe ato me p\u00ebrqindje shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta (m\u00eb posht\u00eb se 1%). Grupi i par\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin bakrin, q\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb kabllot elektrike dhe n\u00eb tubat hidraulik\u00eb, dhe aluminin, i p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra, si kano\u00e7et p\u00ebr ushqimet dhe pijet. K\u00ebto metale tentojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb thuajse t\u00eb past\u00ebr, gj\u00eb q\u00eb leht\u00ebson shkrirjen dhe transformimin n\u00eb produkte t\u00eb reja. Grupi i dyt\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin metalet e rralla, metale si lantanidet, q\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebrzihen p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar, p\u00ebr shembull magnetet dhe diodat lazer e dispozitiv\u00ebve elektronik\u00eb. Rikuperimi i tyre do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb ndarjen kimike t\u00eb metaleve, nj\u00eb proces i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe q\u00eb harxhon shum\u00eb energji. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb rrethore pohojn\u00eb se, n\u00ebse duam t\u2019i japim fund kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb mbetjeve, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim materiale m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb parashikojm\u00eb projekte riprojektimi, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb ndahen p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb ekonomi rrethore, duhet t\u00eb shikohen flukset e materialeve jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb fundin e ciklit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs, por gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb tyre. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb objektivi i Marc de Wit, nga grupi jofitimprur\u00ebs hollandez Circle Economy, q\u00eb u jep konsulenc\u00eb kompanive. \u201cU kemi th\u00ebn\u00eb: mendojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebr materialet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se ku shkojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb\u201d, thot\u00eb de Wit. \u201cK\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb ide se cilat jan\u00eb levat p\u00ebr ndryshimin\u201d. Duke u bazuar mbi pun\u00ebn e hulumtuesve si Willi Haas i Universitetit t\u00eb Rsurseve Natyrore dhe t\u00eb Shkencave t\u00eb Jet\u00ebs n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb dhe mbi databaza nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, n\u00eb 2020 de Wit dhe koleg\u00ebt e tij kan\u00eb prodhuar nj\u00eb diagram\u00eb q\u00eb tregon se cil\u00ebt material\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim, si i p\u00ebrpunojm\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nevojash sociale t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme kontribuojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushin. Studimi i tyre demonstron se \u00e7do vit p\u00ebrdorim rreth 100 miliard ton, prej t\u00eb cilave vet\u00ebm 8.6% \u00ebsht\u00eb e ricikluar. Nga analizat deti se motori kryesor i p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre materiale \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimi. De Wit pohon se tani Circle Economy pjes\u00ebrisht po i p\u00ebrq\u00ebndron p\u00ebrpjekjet e saj mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor, duke kotribuar t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb projekte m\u00eb efikase.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb vizion m\u00eb i gjer\u00eb i ekonomis\u00eb rrethore do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor n\u00eb sjellje dhe n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. Jemi ende n\u00eb fillim, por n\u00eb disa vende gj\u00ebrat po fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin. Ka vende q\u00eb po miratojn\u00eb ligje kurajoze, q\u00eb mund t\u2019i japin nj\u00eb impuls t\u00eb madh ekonomis\u00eb rrethore, pohon Amelia Kuch e Ellen MacArthur Foundation. P\u00ebr shembull Franca, ku \u00e7do vit hidheshin produkte t\u00eb reja t\u00eb pashitura me nj\u00eb vler\u00eb prej rreth 630 milion eurosh. M\u00eb 2019 Brune Poirson, ministri i at\u00ebhersh\u00ebm i Mjedsit, ka siguruar miratimin e nj\u00eb norme q\u00eb ndalon shkat\u00ebrrimin e k\u00ebtij malli. Asnj\u00eb vend nuk e kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb akoma. Qysh at\u00ebhere \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur nj\u00eb kuad\u00ebr i gjer\u00eb \u00ebegjislativ, i hyr\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi m\u00eb 2021 dhe i quajtur \u201cligj antishp\u00ebrdorim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekonomi rrethore\u201d, q\u00eb ka objektivin e riciklimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb plastik\u00ebs brenda 2025 dhe eliminimin gradual e asaj nj\u00ebp\u00ebrdorimshe brenda 2040. Bustinat p\u00ebr \u00e7ajin n\u00eb plastik\u00eb p\u00ebrdore, hidhe, gj\u00ebrat dhe objektet e tjera me p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb ndaluar. \u00cbsht\u00eb futur edhe nj\u00eb \u201ctregues riparueshm\u00ebrie\u201d, q\u00eb u jep produkteve nj\u00eb pikaverazh ng 1 n\u00eb 10 n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e leht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb riparueshm\u00ebris\u00eb. Nga janari 2021, kur p\u00ebrcaktohen tipe produktesh, midis t\u00eb cil\u00ebve televizor\u00ebt, lavatri\u00e7et dhe smartfon\u00ebt, \u00ebsht\u00eb e detyrueshme t\u00eb komunikohet se \u00e7far\u00eb pikaverazhi kan\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Ndoshta pjesa m\u00eb kurajoze e ligjit ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me nj\u00eb parim t\u00eb quajtur \u201cp\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia e gjer\u00eb e prodhuesit\u201d, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit kompanit\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr menaxhimin e mallrave t\u00eb tyre kur flaket tej. Objektivi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb rikuperohen mbetjet. Ky tip politike nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i ri, por deri m\u00eb tani nuk ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb kurr\u00eb ligj, as ishte zbatuar krejt\u00ebsisht, as n\u00eb sektor\u00eb me intensitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb materialesh si nd\u00ebrtimi. \u201cPo aktivizojm\u00eb kalime t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb progresive, por ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim i madh\u201d, pohon Kuch. \u201cPo asistojm\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb zhvillime si ky dhe disa vende po b\u00ebhen edhe m\u00eb ambicioze. \u00cbsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet elektrizuese\u201d. Edhe Bashkimi Europian parashikon t\u00eb promovoj\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb rrethore dhe qeveria britanike ka deklaruar se do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb kund\u00ebr vjet\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb programuar t\u00eb produkteve elektronike, p\u00ebr shembull duke ju k\u00ebrkuar kompanive q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme pjes\u00ebt e k\u00ebmbimit.<\/p>\n<p>Bizneset jan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira, pohon Michael Braungart, themelues i Environmental Protection Encouragement Agency (EPEA) t\u00eb Hamburgut n\u00eb Gjermani. N\u00eb 2002, bashk\u00eb me arkitektin amerikan William McDonough, Braungart ka botuar <em>Cradle to cradle <\/em>(Nga djepi n\u00eb varr), nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr q\u00eb shpjegon sesi t\u00eb projektohen produktet e menduar p\u00ebr \u201cjet\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb ardhsme si gj\u00eb e par\u00eb, jo si nj\u00eb aspekt shqet\u00ebsues dyt\u00ebsor\u201d. N\u00eb vijim t\u00eb dy k\u00ebrkuesit kan\u00eb krijuar Cradle to Cradle Certification Scheme, q\u00eb ndihmon bizneset t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb produkte p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb rrethore. V\u00ebmendje m\u00eb e madhe rreth ekonomis\u00eb rrethore i detyrohet n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe faktit se b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i qart\u00eb kthimi ekonomik, pohon Braungart: n\u00eb rast se bizneset mund t\u00eb realizojn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat produkte me materiale mbeturin\u00eb m\u00eb ekonomike n\u00eb vend t\u00eb materialeve t\u00eb virgj\u00ebr, at\u00ebhere fitimet rriten.<\/p>\n<p>Koncepti zgjerohet edhe tek produktet komplekse si automobilat. Koh\u00ebt e fundit BMW ka paraqitur BMW me <em>vision circular<\/em>, nj\u00eb makin\u00eb e projektuar sipas parimesh rrethore q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet me materiale t\u00eb riciklueshme 100%. Mes gj\u00ebrave t\u00eb tjera, karroceria metalike e makin\u00ebs ka nj\u00eb finitur\u00eb t\u00eb \u201ckrehur\u201d me shum\u00eb sesa t\u00eb vernikuar, q\u00eb shmang p\u00ebrdorimin e disa produkteve kimike dhe leht\u00ebson riciklimin. Iniciativa t\u00eb ngjashme jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, edhe pse n\u00eb shkall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb reduktuar tani. N\u00eb qytetin portual Kalundborg, n\u00eb Danimark\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb Kalundborg Symbiosis, nj\u00eb distrikt impiantesh industriale q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin mbeturinat p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar sende t\u00eb dobishme. P\u00ebr shem,bull, eliminimi i nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje biologjike q\u00eb vjen nga nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb insuline transportohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb impiant q\u00eb e konverton n\u00eb pleh dhe biogaz t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyer 6000 banesa. N\u00eb Esholt t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar, Yorkshire Water zbaton parimin e rretheshm\u00ebris\u00eb ndaj trajtimit t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave t\u00eb zeza, p\u00ebr shembull duke i d\u00ebrguar drejt nj\u00eb <em>server farm<\/em> kompjuter\u00ebsh p\u00ebr ftohjen e makinave duke shmangur p\u00ebrdorimin e ventilator\u00ebve elektrik\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ajrit t\u00eb kondicionuar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prezantimet <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ingranazhet e nj\u00eb ekonomie m\u00eb rrethore, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor m\u00eb pak materiale t\u00eb virgj\u00ebra, me ngadal\u00eb po fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtohen me stimuj dhe nd\u00ebrhyrjet normative t\u00eb duhura. Por ka nj\u00eb ndryshim tjet\u00ebr, shum\u00eb m\u00eb themelor, q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e njohin pak: t\u00eb fabrikojn\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdorin m\u00eb pak gj\u00ebra. Po flasim p\u00ebr t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebn ekonomi t\u00eb prezantimeve, term i futur nga arkitekti Walter Stahel n\u00eb vitet \u201990 p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrjes s\u00eb gj\u00ebrave p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat prioriteti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb prodhohen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra, por thjesht t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqen nevojat e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Kjo shpesh n\u00ebnkupton t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet pron\u00ebsia e mallrave me qiran\u00eb apo me ndarjen. Braungart e konsideron nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndjekur. Imagjinoni nj\u00eb prodhues moketi, thot\u00eb, q\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me nj\u00eb kompani \u201csigurimesh mbi dyshemet\u00eb\u201d. Klient\u00ebt paguajn\u00eb n\u00eb rregull nj\u00eb shif\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe kompanit\u00eb u huazojn\u00eb riinvestimet duke u garantuar mir\u00ebmbajtjen. B\u00ebhet n\u00eb interesin e kompanive t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb produkte q\u00eb zgjasin dhe mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me materiali skartimi ekonomik, aq m\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Ky kriter \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar tashm\u00eb nga kompanit\u00eb e <em>car sharing<\/em>, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb kalimin nga shitja e automobilave n\u00eb shitjen e nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi q\u00eb plot\u00ebson nevoj\u00ebn e spostimit. Shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebshja holandeze Philips tani ua shet ndri\u00e7imin hoteleve dhe zyrave si sh\u00ebrbim me abonim. N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7mimi fiks, kompania siguron q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb llamba dhe ua riparon kur prishen. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, Michelin i \u201chuazon\u201d goma ushtris\u00eb dhe organizatave t\u00eb tjera me flota t\u00eb m\u00ebdha automjetesh, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb sektorin e aviacionit. Aderimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb model implikon nj\u00eb spostim t\u00eb madh t\u00eb madh t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs nga prodhimi tek mir\u00ebmbajtja dhe riparimi, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysje q\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb ndoshta nj\u00eb prej motiveve p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn teorit\u00eb mbi ekonomin\u00eb e prezantimeve nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqafuar plot\u00ebsisht nga lider\u00ebt politik\u00eb. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, disa njer\u00ebz nuk jan\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb bindur nga modeli. Martin Charter, nga University for the Creative Arts t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs, n\u00ebnvizon se t\u00eb jap\u00ebsh nj\u00eb \u201csh\u00ebrbim\u201d mund t\u00eb duket si di\u00e7ka jo e prekshme, por ka gjith\u00ebsesi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr materiale: zyrat, telefonat dhe automjetet e nevojshme, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr personat q\u00eb do t\u00eb riparonin lavatri\u00e7et.<\/p>\n<p>Riparimi i gj\u00ebrave vet\u00eb apo ndoshta t\u2019u drejtohesh sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb riparimit lokale mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb opsion m\u00eb i mir\u00eb sesa huazimi, pohon Charter, sidomos kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr objekte p\u00ebr sht\u00ebpin\u00eb, q\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz duan ende t\u2019i posedojn\u00eb. Repair Caf\u00e9, ku vullnetar\u00eb riparojn\u00eb objekte, jan\u00eb nj\u00eb risi q\u00eb synon ta plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nevoj\u00eb. I pari \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluar n\u00eb 2007 n\u00eb Vendet e Ul\u00ebta nga pasionarja e mb\u00ebshtetshm\u00ebris\u00eb Martine Postma. N\u00eb vijim k\u00ebto qendra jan\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende, vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuara jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100. P\u00ebr sa \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb binden njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u2019i modifikojn\u00eb sjelljet e tyre, nuk ka m\u00eb dyshime mbi faktin q\u00eb planeti ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekonomi m\u00eb rrethore dhe q\u00eb do t\u00eb doj\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sesa t\u00eb kalohet n\u00eb qese t\u00eb ndryshme apo t\u00eb hiqen kano\u00e7et plastike. M\u00eb 2019 International Resource Panel i Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara, q\u00eb monitoron p\u00ebrdorimin bot\u00ebror t\u00eb materialeve, ka prodhuar Global Resources Outlook e saj, q\u00eb vler\u00ebson impaktin e kalimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi m\u00eb efikase n\u00eb profilin e resurseve.<\/p>\n<p>Studimi ka krahasuar dy skenar\u00eb t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm: nj\u00ebrin ku tendenca e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb materialeve mbetet e pandryshuar, si n\u00eb dekadat deri n\u00eb 2015, dhe tjetrin ku jan\u00eb zbatuar politika globale p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar p\u00ebrdorimin e resurseve t\u00eb virgj\u00ebra. N\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb, brenda 2060 nxjerrja globale e reurseve do t\u00eb dyfishohej duke arritur n\u00eb rreth 190 miliard ton n\u00eb vit. Edhe emetimet e anhidridit karbonik do t\u00eb dyfishoheshin, deri n\u00eb 70 miliard ton n\u00eb vit. Kurse n\u00eb skenarin m\u00eb qarkullues nxjerrja globale e reurseve do t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte n\u00eb 143 miliard ton dhe emetimet globale t\u00eb anhidridit karbonik do t\u00eb zbrisnin n\u00eb pak m\u00eb pak se 5 miliard ton. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, raporti thekson se n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi rrethore niveli i jetes\u00ebs mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb rritet. Ndoshta rrethi vicioz q\u00eb ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb prishej n\u00eb rrug\u00ebtimin ton\u00eb drejt nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmjeje t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetshme \u00ebsht\u00eb ideja se mund t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb lumtur vet\u00ebm kur p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb sasi gj\u00ebrash gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe.<\/p>\n<p>(nga <em>New Scientist<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7do vit nxjerrim nga n\u00ebntoka miliarda ton materiale, q\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe m\u00eb pas i flakim tej. Nj\u00eb sistem i pamb\u00ebshtetsh\u00ebm. Sh\u00ebrben nj\u00eb ekonomi e vetme rrethore e bazuar mbi m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb reja prodhimi t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave. Shum\u00eb prej nesh, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn ata q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb zonat m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, kan\u00eb ndjesin\u00eb &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":50750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50749"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50749"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50749\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}