{"id":48954,"date":"2023-06-19T08:15:24","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T08:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=48954"},"modified":"2023-06-19T08:15:24","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T08:15:24","slug":"miti-neutral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/06\/19\/miti-neutral\/","title":{"rendered":"Miti neutral"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>N\u00eb Austri sok\u00ebllijn\u00eb kritik\u00ebt e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs. \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb momenti p\u00ebr t\u2019u rreshtuar\u201d. Asnj\u00eb model p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn: e shpjegon historia.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Midis efekteve kolaterale t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb me siguri rilan\u00e7imi i NATO, nj\u00eb rimendim i politik\u00ebs s\u00eb siguris\u00eb \u00eb Europ\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb reflektim mbi kuptimin dhe aktualitetin e neutralitetit. Sot, n\u00eb drit\u00ebn e ngjarjeve, parimi i neutralitetit l\u00ebkundet dhe nj\u00ebherazi hipotezohet si model p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn e pasluft\u00ebs. Deri n\u00eb agresionin rus t\u00eb 24 shkurtit\u00a0 diskutohej mbi sh\u00ebndetin e NATO, n\u00ebse ishte nj\u00eb instrument i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm n\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arin e tret\u00eb apo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb relike e shekullit t\u00eb kaluar. Kurse tani dyshimi \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur nga lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebse relikja mos \u00ebsht\u00eb vall\u00eb neutraliteti. Edhe n\u00eb Austri, ashtu si n\u00eb Finland\u00eb dhe Suedi, q\u00eb i kan\u00eb zgjidhur dyshimet duket k\u00ebrkuar menjlher\u00eb aderimin n\u00eb NATO, frik\u00ebrat e shkaktuara nga agresioni rus kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb shteti sovran n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs, kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer si shtyt\u00ebs p\u00ebr nj\u00eb debat t\u00eb zjarrt\u00eb mbi neutralitetin dhe mbi shum\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetjet e lidhura me t\u00eb. Siguria komb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet e garantuar? Forcat e armatosura jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb mbrojtjen e kufijve? Neutraliteti \u00ebsht\u00eb ende aktual 67 vite pas shpalljes s\u00eb tij? Dhe akoma: n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb Austria \u00ebshht\u00eb e rrethuar nga shtete NATO \u2013 q\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb rast agresioni rus, do t\u00eb mobilizoheshin n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb Nenit 5 t\u00eb Aleanc\u00ebs duke mbrojtur veten dhe faktikisht edhe austriak\u00ebt \u2013 nuk rrezikon gjith\u00ebsesi Republik\u00ebn Alpine, me pretekstin e neutralitetit, nj\u00eb d\u00ebm imazhi duke figuruar si p\u00ebrfituese e impenjimit t\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve mbi baz\u00ebn e motos \u201ct\u00eb armatosemi dhe nisuni\u201d? Ai q\u00eb ngre gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto pyetje dhe ndezur nj\u00eb debat n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb mbi doktrin\u00ebn ushtarake ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb grup 55 personalitetesh t\u00eb shquara me nj\u00eb let\u00ebr p\u00ebr presidentin, qeverin\u00eb, parlamentin dhe popullin austriak. Midis promotor\u00ebve ish presidenti i Gjykat\u00ebs Supreme (OHG), Irmgard Griss. Midis firmatar\u00ebve intelektual\u00eb t\u00eb njohur si ish ministri i Mbrojtjes Friedhelm Frischenschlager, drejtuesi i Agjencis\u00eb s\u00eb Pun\u00ebs (AMS), Johannes Kopf, shkrimtari Robert Menasse dhe autor\u00ebt Robert Misik e Julya Rabinowich. K\u00ebrkojn\u00eb \u201cnj\u00eb diskutim serioz t\u00eb gjer\u00eb mbi politik\u00ebn e ardhshme t\u00eb siguris\u00eb e t\u00eb mbrojtjes austriake dhe p\u00ebrkufizimin e nj\u00eb doktrine t\u00eb re t\u00eb siguris\u00eb\u201d. Opinionist\u00eb dhe politolog\u00eb ushqejn\u00eb debatin n\u00eb Austri dhe Gjermani, i b\u00ebr\u00eb me aktualitet t\u00eb madh pas k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs s\u00eb aderimit n\u00eb NATO t\u00eb Finland\u00ebs dhe Suedis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Historia e neutralitetit austrial p\u00ebrkon me at\u00eb t\u00eb Traktatit t\u00eb Shtetit t\u00eb 1955 dhe t\u00eb sovranitetit t\u00eb rifituar pas pushtimit t\u00eb gjat\u00eb aleat t\u00eb pasuar pas \u201945. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kapitull m\u00eb vete i ndarjes s\u00eb kontinentit i vendosur me marr\u00ebveshjen e Jalt\u00ebs. Me Traktatin e Shtetit, t\u00eb firmosur nga ministrat e Jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik, Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe, Franc\u00ebs dhe Austris\u00eb m\u00eb 15 maj 1955 n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb, Austria kthehej e lir\u00eb. Por n\u00eb vulgat\u00ebn komb\u00ebtare sovraniteti erdhi vet\u00ebm me nisjen e ushtarit t\u00eb fundit sovjetik m\u00eb 26 tetor 1955. Po at\u00eb dit\u00eb parlamenti miratoi ligjin kushtetues mbi neutralitetin. Ar\u00ebsye p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn 26 tetori dhe jo 15 maji \u00ebsht\u00eb dita e fest\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb ndryshim nga Gjermania \u2013 e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb sovjetike brenda Traktatit t\u00eb Varshav\u00ebs, RDGJ, dhe nj\u00eb t\u00eb ankoruar n\u00eb per\u00ebndim n\u00eb NATO, RFGJ, Reopublik\u00ebn Federale \u2013 Austria nuk shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhej, ama me koston e neutralitetit t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar nga Moska. Klauzola e \u201c<em>immerw\u00e4hrende Neutralit\u00e4t<\/em>\u201d (neutralitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm) nuk ndodhet n\u00eb Traktatin e Shtetit, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb memorandum t\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb ligj konstitcuional 67 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb. Qysh at\u00ebhere neutraliteti ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb motiv krenarie dhe patriotizmi, por edhe shpesh i kritikuar si nj\u00eb alibi p\u00ebr t\u00eb q\u00ebndruar larg konflikteve dhe nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar nga mb\u00ebshtetja e Per\u00ebndimit dhe, po qe e nevojshme, t\u00eb asaj ushtarake t\u00eb NATO.<\/p>\n<p>Rruga e neutralitetit, si\u00e7 tregon Alexandra F\u00f6derl-Schmid n\u00eb \u201cS\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung\u201d, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kryevep\u00ebr e diplomacis\u00eb vjeneze e zhvatur nga negociator\u00ebt sovjetik\u00eb \u2013 ministri i Jasht\u00ebm i s\u00eb cil\u00ebs nuk ishte ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebllumb, por nj\u00eb kock\u00eb e fort\u00eb si Molotov \u2013 me ndihm\u00ebn e k\u00ebng\u00ebve popullore t\u00eb k\u00ebnduara me alkool t\u00eb bollsh\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb prej Heuriger t\u00eb shumta, lokaleve tipike ku p\u00ebrzihet vera e re. Molotovit nuk i mjaftonte nj\u00eb Austri e paangazhuar, donte impenjimin q\u00eb t\u00eb mos hynte n\u00eb asnj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb ushtarake, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb NATO e themeluar m\u00eb 1949, dhe t\u00eb mos priste baza ushtarake t\u00eb huaja n\u00eb territorin e saj. Prej 10 vitesh Austria ishte e pushtuar, 1\/3 e territorit t\u00eb saj ishte n\u00eb dor\u00ebn sovjetike dhe qeveria duhej t\u00eb konsultohej p\u00ebr ligjet me Komisionin Aleat q\u00eb kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00eb vetoje. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik kishte ardhur Nikita Hrushovi. M\u00eb 11 prill 1955 nj\u00eb delegacion austriak shkoi n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. B\u00ebnte pjes\u00eb n\u00ebnsekretari i Jasht\u00ebm dhe kancelari i ardhsh\u00ebm socialist (SP\u1e4e) Bruno Kreisky dhe u arrit n\u00eb Memorandumin e Mosk\u00ebs, lejekalimi p\u00ebr Traktatin e Shtetit dhe rivendosjen e sovranitetit. M\u00eb 15 maj firmosja e 5 ministrave t\u00eb Jasht\u00ebm aleat\u00eb dhe atij austriak n\u00eb Sall\u00ebn e Mermert\u00eb t\u00eb Pallatit Belvedere me turm\u00ebn festuese posht\u00eb dhe shprehjen e famshme, e mbetur e skalitur n\u00eb kujtes\u00ebn kolektive, t\u00eb ministrit Leopold Figl nga ballkoni i k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs s\u00eb princit Eugjen i Savoj\u00ebs: \u201cAustria \u00ebsht\u00eb e lir\u00eb\u201d. Emri Traktat i Shtetit u propozua nga Vjena, q\u00eb e refuzonte nj\u00eb traktat paqeje, duke dashur k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb sinjalizonte se kishte qen\u00eb viktima e par\u00eb e nazizmit. Faktikisht, duke i l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb ngurosur, n\u00eb vigjilje t\u00eb firmosjes Figl k\u00ebrc\u00ebnoi t\u00eb mos e firmoste n\u00eb rast se nuk hiqej nga preambula referimi i nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebp\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsie t\u00eb Austris\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb. Ua detyron shok\u00ebve t\u00eb vdekur n\u00eb kampet e p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit, tha. Vet\u00eb ai kishte qen\u00eb arrestuar n\u00eb 1938 dhe mbajtur p\u00ebr mbi 5 vjet n\u00eb kampet e p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb Dachau e Flossenb\u00fcrg. Me surpriz\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme, Molotovi pranoi dhe pjesa u hoq.<\/p>\n<p>Lindi miti i \u201cviktim\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb\u201d dhe u desh\u00ebn 36 vite p\u00ebrpara se nj\u00eb kancelar austriak, Franz Vranitzky, n\u00eb nj\u00eb diskutim historik n\u00eb 1991 n\u00eb parlament, t\u00eb pranonte nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebp\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi austriake n\u00eb krimet naziste. Sovjetik\u00ebt do t\u00eb kishin ankoronin neutralitetin me Traktatin e Shtetit, por austriak\u00ebt, t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nga aleat\u00ebt, k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ligj kushtetues me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb dukej nj\u00eb akt sovran. Qe k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb m\u00eb 26 tetorin historik parlamenti miratoi ligjin mbi neutralitetin neni i par\u00eb i t\u00eb cilit lexonte: \u201cMe q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb garantoj\u00eb pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij jet\u00ebgjat\u00eb nga jasht\u00eb dhe pashkelshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e territorit t\u00eb saj, Austria shpall lirisht neutralitetin e saj t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm\u201d. \u201cDo ta mbaj\u00eb dhe do ta mbroj\u00eb me mjetet n\u00eb dispozicionin e saj dhe me garancin\u00eb q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb aderoj\u00eb n\u00eb asnj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb ushtarake dhe nuk do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb pranin\u00eb e bazave ushtarake t\u00eb huaja n\u00eb territorin e saj\u201d. Impenjime deri m\u00eb tani t\u00eb mbajtura. Tek formula e neutraliteti t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm u arrit sepse Austria donte nj\u00eb garanci. Sipas historianit Oliver Rathkolb, n\u00eb rast t\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmi sovjetik, NATO nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte skrupullin e neutralitetit austrial dhe minimumi do t\u00eb pushtonte Tirolin p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur nj\u00eb shteg midis vendeve t\u00eb NATO Italis\u00eb dhe Gjermanis\u00eb. N\u00eb 1955 socialist\u00ebt qen\u00eb kund\u00ebr neutralitetit nga \u201cfrika se mos gllab\u00ebroheshin prej rus\u00ebve\u201d: p\u00ebrjashtim i vet\u00ebm Kreisky, q\u00eb si kancelar (1970 \u2013 1983) e transformoi neutralitetin n\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme aktive me Austrin\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuese n\u00eb Lindje t\u00eb Mesme dhe n\u00eb VeriJug. Vjena u b\u00eb teat\u00ebr negociatash nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe seli e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebrkrah me New York, Gjenev\u00ebn, Nairobin. Sipas Rathkolb, modeli austriak p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cutopik\u201d. Nj\u00eb neutralitet ushtarak, thot\u00eb p\u00ebr \u201cS\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung\u201d, i pjes\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb status autonomie si n\u00eb Tirolin e Jugut p\u00ebr territorin e pushtuar nga rus\u00ebt do t\u00eb sillte domosdoshm\u00ebrisht q\u00eb Rusia ta ndalonte luft\u00ebn. P\u00ebr Austrin\u00eb, ka th\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb mars kancelari Karl Nehammer, \u201cneutraliteti dinamik dhe social\u201d ka funksionuar, por Ukraina duhet ta vendos\u00eb vet\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb konsideron t\u00eb drejt\u00eb p\u00ebr veten.<\/p>\n<p>Tashm\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme Austria \u00ebsht\u00eb e heshtur. Akti i fundit i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i p\u00ebrket Vranitzky me aderimin n\u00eb Bashkimin Europian m\u00eb 1995. Edhe pse ushtarakisht neutrale, por politikisht e rreshtuar me Per\u00ebndimin: \u00ebsht\u00eb midis vendeve themluese t\u00eb OCSE m\u00eb 1961, ndan politik\u00ebn e jasht\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkimit Europian, aderon n\u00eb sanksione dhe ka marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb misione t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb helmetave blu t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara. Nga 1995 aderon edhe n\u00eb programin e NATO Partnership for Peace dhe merr pjes\u00eb n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Bashkimit Europian n\u00eb Battlegroups e impenjuara jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb ruajtjen, por edhe n\u00eb rivendosjen e paqes. Deri m\u00eb tani Ukrain\u00ebs i ka furnizuar 10000 helmeta, 100000 litra karburant, 15 milion euro n\u00eb ndihma humanitare dhe ka ngrir\u00eb 254 milion euro t\u00eb oligark\u00ebve rus\u00eb n\u00eb 97 llogari bankare. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, Austria ka vendosur ta rris\u00eb bilancin e mbrojtjes me 1% t\u00eb PBB (4.3 miliard euro) kundrejt 0.74% t\u00eb deritanish\u00ebm (2.7 miliard). P\u00ebr politologun Heinz G\u00e4rtner ai austriak \u201cnuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb neutralitet parimor, por ushtarak\u201d. Traktati i Shtetit p\u00ebrjashton thelb\u00ebsisht 3 gj\u00ebra: p\u00ebrfshirjen ushtarake n\u00eb konflikte n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera, stacionim jet\u00ebgjat\u00eb trupash t\u00eb huaja n\u00eb Austri dhe aderim n\u00eb aleanca ushtarake. Braktisja e neutralitetit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur, por gjithmon\u00eb ka d\u00ebshtuar. \u201cAsnj\u00eb parti e madhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb favor dhe as popullsia\u201d: n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi sondazhet e tregojn\u00eb n\u00eb 75% p\u00ebr ruajtjen e tij. Si fuqi perandorake, pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, Austria \u00ebsht\u00eb ridimensionuar me Traktatin e Saint-Germain n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb aktuale, por pa neutralitet. Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr Suedin\u00eb dhe Finland\u00ebn neutraliteti \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb doktrin\u00eb e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme, p\u00ebr Austrin\u00eb dhe Zvicr\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb e fiksuar n\u00eb traktatet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e firmosura nga shtete t\u00eb tjera (Franca, Austria, Prusia p\u00ebr Zvicr\u00ebn n\u00eb Kongresin e Vjen\u00ebs 1814 \u2013 1815; Aleat\u00ebt p\u00ebr Austrin\u00eb me Traktatin e Shtetit t\u00eb 1955) t\u00eb cil\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb konsultohen n\u00eb rast modifikimi apo revokimi.<\/p>\n<p>Debati mbi neutralitetin ka rianimuar stereotipe gjithmon latent\u00eb n\u00eb Austri: austropacifiz\u00ebm, oportuniz\u00ebm, infantiliz\u00ebm, neutraliz\u00ebm, izolacioniz\u00ebm. Me shenj\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt argumentet e tjera: krenari e diversitetit; jemi t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, por t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar dhe mund t\u00eb japim nj\u00eb kontribut p\u00ebr paqen pik\u00ebrisht pse jemi neutral\u00eb; neutraliteti na ka garantuar paqe dhe siguri p\u00ebr 67 vite. Drastik gjykimi mbi neutralitetin i dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga filozofi i ndjer\u00eb Rudolf Burger: \u201cVet\u00ebmashtrim i ngritur n\u00eb form\u00eb jete\u201d, nj\u00eb politik\u00eb e pam\u00ebshirshme, e verb\u00ebr p\u00ebrpara krimeve dhe barbarive. N\u00eb 2001 nj\u00eb tentativ\u00eb p\u00ebr ta zhb\u00ebr\u00eb neutralitetin dhe aderuar n\u00eb NATO e b\u00ebri kancelari popullor (\u00d6VP) Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel, i bindur se \u201cklishet\u00eb e vjetra t\u00eb r\u00ebndomta t\u00eb lipican\u00ebve, topat e Mozartit dhe neutraliteti nuk i p\u00ebrshtaten m\u00eb realitetit kompleks t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XX\u201d. Ndoshta kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, por nj\u00eblloj nuk pati sukses. E ka riprovuar tani Andreas Khol, veteran i \u00d6VP, ish kryetar i Parlamentit, q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr \u201cKleine Zeitung\u201d rilan\u00e7on iden\u00eb e aderimit n\u00eb NATO: \u201cNj\u00eb shtet pa aleanca \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse sulmohet\u201d. Nj\u00eb sulm i eg\u00ebr ndaj mentalitetit prapa mbrojtjes s\u00eb neutralitetit e l\u00ebshon n\u00eb \u201cZeit\u201d opinionisti Robert Misik (firmatar i letr\u00ebs): \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201creligjion civil\u201d. Ideja e \u201cdialogut n\u00eb vend t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb simpatike dhe funksiononte n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, tani fsheh nj\u00eb mentalitet provincial komoditeti q\u00eb habit dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebn \u201cbarinj t\u00eb aplikuar\u201d: \u201cMbi \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e m\u00ebdha ideologjike austriak\u00ebt jan\u00eb si ata tifoz\u00ebt e futbollit barkm\u00ebdhenj q\u00eb nga tribunat ul\u00ebrijn\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00eb dhe besojn\u00eb se dijn\u00eb t\u00eb luajn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Interpretimi fleksib\u00ebl i neutralitetit, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin edhe sanksionet p\u00ebr Rusin\u00eb, nuk i p\u00eblqen Mosk\u00ebs q\u00eb ka reaguar ndaj kritikave t\u00eb Nehammer, i quajtur kancelar i nj\u00eb \u201cAustrie duksh\u00ebm neutrale\u201d, dhe i akuzuar p\u00ebr \u201cretorik\u00eb antiruse\u201d. Ministria e Jashtme i \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjur duke n\u00ebnvizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb not\u00eb n\u00eb rusisht dhe gjermanisht se \u201cAustria \u00ebsht\u00eb ushtarakisht nj shtet neutral, por nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb kurr\u00eb politikisht kur \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb loj\u00eb e drejta nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Nuk jemi aspak neutral\u00eb p\u00ebrpara dhun\u00ebs dhe nuk do t\u00eb jemi kurr\u00eb t\u00eb heshtur n\u00ebse sulmohet sovraniteti, integriteti territorial dhe pavar\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb shteti\u201d. Ndryshe nga Suedia dhe Finlanda, Vjena nuk e k\u00ebrkon aderimin n\u00eb NATO: \u201cAustria ishte neutrale, Austria \u00ebsht\u00eb neutrale, Austria do t\u00eb mbetet neutrale\u201d, ka prer\u00eb shkurt Nehammer. Ama diskutimi nuk ka mbaruar: firmatar\u00ebt e apelit \u201cp\u00ebr bot\u00ebn e lir\u00eb\u201d k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb debat serioz. \u201cAgresioni i Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb krim dhe nj\u00eb tragjedi, por nj\u00eb k\u00ebmban\u00eb e fundit alarmi p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn e lir\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebs i p\u00ebrket edhe Austria. N\u00eb rast se duam ta ruajm\u00eb modelin ton\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs sociale t\u00eb pavarur, demokratike dhe respektuese t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs, duhet t\u00eb nisim nj\u00eb diskutim t\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm mbi si dhe me \u00e7far\u00eb kapacitetesh duam t\u00eb mbrohemi\u201d. \u201cNeutraliteti yn\u00eb \u2013 i interpretuar gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shum\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl \u2013 nuk e ka verifikuar p\u00ebrshtatshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e tij sot, por \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur n\u00eb rang miti\u201d. Si an\u00ebtare e Bashkimit Europian, Austria i p\u00ebrmbahet tashm\u00eb solidarietit: \u201cN\u00eb drit\u00ebn e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimit aktual, k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb debat pa mbulesa sysh\u00eb\u201d mbi politik\u00ebn e mbrojtjes dhe t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, si edhe \u201cnj\u00eb doktrin\u00eb e re ushtarake\u201d. M\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, sintetizon \u201cStandard\u201d: \u00ebsht\u00eb e urueshme t\u00eb merret n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb nj\u00eb aderim n\u00eb NATO.<\/p>\n<p>(nga <em>Il Foglio<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00eb Austri sok\u00ebllijn\u00eb kritik\u00ebt e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs. \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb momenti p\u00ebr t\u2019u rreshtuar\u201d. Asnj\u00eb model p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn: e shpjegon historia. Midis efekteve kolaterale t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb me siguri rilan\u00e7imi i NATO, nj\u00eb rimendim i politik\u00ebs s\u00eb siguris\u00eb \u00eb Europ\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb reflektim mbi kuptimin dhe aktualitetin e neutralitetit. Sot, n\u00eb drit\u00ebn &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":48955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48954"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48954"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48954\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}