{"id":45368,"date":"2023-05-09T08:58:23","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=45368"},"modified":"2023-05-09T08:58:23","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:58:23","slug":"si-paqendrueshmeria-kronike-dhe-nderhyrje-te-pamatura-kane-cuar-ne-nje-lufte-te-re-civile-ne-sudan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/05\/09\/si-paqendrueshmeria-kronike-dhe-nderhyrje-te-pamatura-kane-cuar-ne-nje-lufte-te-re-civile-ne-sudan\/","title":{"rendered":"Si paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria kronike dhe nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb pamatura kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb re civile n\u00eb Sudan"},"content":{"rendered":"

15 prillin e kaluar tranzicioni m\u00eb i brisht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i paplot\u00eb i Sudanit drejt demokracis\u00eb ka ndaluar me shp\u00ebrthimin e luft\u00ebs civile. P\u00ebrplasja \u00ebsht\u00eb midis ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb rregullt sudaneze (Sudanese Armed Forces \u2013 SAF) e udh\u00ebhequr nga gjenerali Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman al-Burhan dhe paraushtarak\u00ebve t\u00eb forcave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb shpejt\u00eb (Rapid Support Forces \u2013 RSF) t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequra nga gjenerali Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, i njohur edhe me nom de guerre<\/em> Hemeti. T\u00eb dy oficer\u00ebt n\u00eb konflikt nj\u00ebri me tjetrin jan\u00eb sot respektivisht president dhe z\u00ebvend\u00ebspresident i K\u00ebshillit Sovran t\u00eb Sudanit, organi qeveris\u00ebs i vendit i krijuar n\u00eb 2019 pas fundit t\u00eb regjimit 30 vje\u00e7ar t\u00eb Omar al-Bashir dhe q\u00eb me nj\u00eb grusht shteti ushtarak t\u00eb tetorit 2021 \u00ebsht\u00eb spastruar nga komponentet civile, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb de facto<\/em> nj\u00eb junt\u00eb ushtarake.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrplasja ka filluar me sulmin e filluar nga ana e RSF ndaj instalimeve ushtarake strategjike, si kazerma dhe aeroporte, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar progresivisht n\u00eb kryeqytetin Khartoum, me 5 milion banor\u00ebt e tij, ku dhuna e luftimeve, q\u00eb shikojn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrdorimin e artileris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb bombardimeve ajrore, i ka shtyr\u00eb qeverit\u00eb e huaja t\u00eb evakuojn\u00eb stafe diplomatike dhe qytetar\u00eb t\u00eb ekspatriuar. Sipas Organizat\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn disa qindra njer\u00ebz kan\u00eb humbur jet\u00ebn dhe mij\u00ebra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb kan\u00eb mbetur t\u00eb plagosur.<\/p>\n

Shkaku kryesor dhe i manifestuar i konfliktit \u00ebsht\u00eb mosdakord\u00ebsia mbi integrimin e paparashikuar t\u00eb paraushtarak\u00ebve n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb e rregullt, e d\u00ebshiruar si nga vet\u00eb ushtarak\u00ebt, ashtu edhe nga komponentet prodemokratike t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb sudaneze, q\u00eb do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb sanksionohej nga nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje firmosja e t\u00eb cil\u00ebs, asnj\u00ebher\u00eb e b\u00ebr\u00eb, fillimisht ishte parashikuar p\u00ebr 1 prill. Dagalo ka pasur frik\u00eb se mos operacioni e privonte nga pushteti i tij, sidomos sapo tranzicioni drejt nj\u00eb qeverie t\u00eb re civile, e parashikuar nga nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje e n\u00ebnshkruar dhjetorin e kaluar, do t\u00eb ishte zbatuar. P\u00ebr t\u00eb barazuar llogarit\u00eb, do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte q\u00eb al-Burhan t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohej nga nj\u00eb civil, por duke marr\u00eb refuzimin e prer\u00eb t\u00eb gjeneralisimit.<\/p>\n

Rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e k\u00ebsaj ndeshjeje p\u00ebr pushtet jan\u00eb n\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb kronike t\u00eb vendit dhe n\u00eb historin\u00eb e trazuar t\u00eb tij. N\u00eb pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e vitit 1956, pasi ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb kondomin anglo \u2013 egjiptian, shteti i njohur si \u201cSudan\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb gjendur i populluar nga qindra grupe etnike t\u00eb ndryshme, nganj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb ndara nga kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb e vet nga kufij abstrakt\u00eb kolonial\u00eb dhe me nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb arabe dhe myslimane. Pjesa jugore e vendit, me fe kristiane e animiste dhe me etni joarabe, ka luftuar dy luft\u00ebra t\u00eb gjata t\u00eb kulmuara n\u00eb pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e Sudanit t\u00eb Jugut.<\/p>\n

Ngjitja e RSF \u00ebst\u00eb pjell\u00eb e konfliktit t\u00eb eg\u00ebr duke filluar nga 2003 n\u00eb rajonin per\u00ebndimor, t\u00eb njohur si Darfur, ku vija ndar\u00ebse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fetare, por etnike: nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb popullsi subsahariane bujqish t\u00eb vendosur q\u00eb diskutojn\u00eb troje dhe uj\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb goditur periodikisht nga that\u00ebsira t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, nga ana tjet\u00ebr rrit\u00ebs nomad\u00eb me etni arabe. Gjat\u00eb konfliktit, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe i qet\u00ebsuar me nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje n\u00eb vitin 2020, qeveria ka mbrojtur dhe sponsorizuar milicit\u00eb e rrit\u00ebsve, t\u00eb njohura si janjaweed<\/em>, \u201cdjajt\u00eb n\u00eb kuaj\u201d, q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs t\u00eb nj\u00eb genocidi n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Dagalo, i lindur n\u00eb Darfur nga nj\u00eb familje e barf\u00ebr me origjin\u00eb arabo \u2013 \u00e7adiane, ka b\u00ebr\u00eb karrier\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht si komandant i nj\u00eb milice janjaweed<\/em>. Kur n\u00eb viti 2013 k\u00ebto jan\u00eb riorganizuar dhe formalisht jan\u00eb inkuadruar n\u00eb RSF, gjenerali \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb lideri. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 represionit t\u00eb rebel\u00ebve, ne vitet q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasuar paraushtarak\u00ebt kan\u00eb zhvilluar kontrolle kufitare, duke arritur t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb edhe fonde europiane p\u00ebr kund\u00ebrshtimin e fondeve migrator\u00eb dhe krijuar nj\u00eb trup\u00eb ekspedicionare jasht\u00eb vendit, duke luftuar p\u00ebr gjeneralin Haftar n\u00eb Libia dhe p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb prosaudite n\u00eb Jemen. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, radh\u00ebt e saj jan\u00eb fryr\u00eb duke num\u00ebruar 100000 efektiv\u00ebt aktual\u00eb, rreth t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn organik\u00eb t\u00eb forcave t\u00eb armatosura t\u00eb rregullta.<\/p>\n

Hemeti ka demostruar edhe talent p\u00ebr biznesin dhe politik\u00ebn, me metodat e tij. N\u00eb vitin 2017 ka futur n\u00eb dor\u00eb faktikisht minierat e arit t\u00eb komandantit janjaweed<\/em> rival Musa Hilal dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kompanis\u00eb s\u00eb tij al-Junaid, treg\u00ebtuesi kryesor i arit t\u00eb vendit, duke i zgjeruar m\u00eb pas aferat e tij n\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb si infrastrukturat, automobilat dhe kafsh\u00ebt e pun\u00ebs deri sa t\u00eb b\u00ebhej njeriu m\u00eb i pasur i Sudanit. Megjithat\u00eb, ish treg\u00ebtari i deveve mbetet i par\u00eb keq nga elitat e kryeqytetit, q\u00eb e konsiderojn\u00eb si provincial dhe injorant. Kapje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e lart\u00eb sudaneze ka n\u00eb fakt rivali i tij al-Burhan, me cursus honorum<\/em> m\u00eb klasik. Megjith\u00ebse t\u00eb dy njer\u00ebzit e fort\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb karrier\u00eb n\u00ebn regjimin islamist t\u00eb Omar al-Bashir, p\u00ebrjashto duke i kthyer krah\u00ebt t\u00eb dy 4 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb e shkarkuan n\u00ebn shtytjen e protestave t\u00eb shesheve, kreu i forcave t\u00eb armatosura ka mbetur m\u00eb shum\u00eb i lidhur me qarqet e af\u00ebrta me diktatorin e shkarkuar, sidomos me klanin Kizan, i konsideruar nga ana e tij i af\u00ebrt me V\u00ebllaz\u00ebrin\u00eb Myslimane.<\/p>\n

Vendet fqinje dhe fuqit\u00eb e mesme e t\u00eb m\u00ebdha jan\u00eb ngurruese deri m\u00eb tani t\u00eb rreshtohen hapur n\u00eb konflikt, megjith\u00ebse ka natyrisht prirje jozyrtare dhe megjith\u00ebse n\u00eb disa raste kan\u00eb favorizuar ngjitjen e nj\u00ebrit apo tjetrit fraksion. Egjipti \u00ebsht\u00eb gjendur i katapultuar n\u00eb konflikt kur RSF kan\u00eb pushtuar baz\u00ebn ajrore t\u00eb Merowe, n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Sudanit, dhe kan\u00eb ndaluar 27 ushtarak\u00eb egjiptian\u00eb q\u00eb gjendeshin aty p\u00ebr t\u00eb st\u00ebrvitur homolog\u00ebt, p\u00ebr t\u2019i l\u00ebshuar m\u00eb pas pran\u00eb ambasad\u00ebs egjiptiane n\u00eb Khartoum. Kajro ka kultivuar raporte t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme me forcat e armatosura t\u00eb rregullta, n\u00eb parashikim t\u00eb nj\u00eb konflikti t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm me Etiopin\u00eb e lidhur me konfliktin e dig\u00ebs s\u00eb realizuar n\u00eb malin e Nilit t\u00eb Kalt\u00ebr nga Adis Abeba.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, dob\u00ebsia e ekonomis\u00eb egjiptiane, rreziksh\u00ebm n\u00eb pragun e nj\u00eb krize dhe k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulja e rebeleimit islamist n\u00eb Sinai e shk\u00ebshilluan al-Sisi t\u00eb impenjoheshin n\u00eb aventura jasht\u00eb vendit. Kush n\u00eb fakt duket i synuar t\u00eb merret me aferat e fqinjit t\u00eb tij \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00c7adi, nga ku vjen familja e Dagalo: p\u00ebrve\u00e7se e p\u00ebrdor vendin e tij jo vet\u00ebm si prapatok\u00eb logjistike, por edhe si burim rekrutimi, komandanti i RSF do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteste rebel\u00ebt q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysin presidentin D\u00e9by. Duke shikuar nga aktor\u00ebt rajonal\u00eb, Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb jan\u00eb kapur nga shum\u00eb burime, p\u00ebrfshi ish kreun e intelligence<\/em> sudaneze Salah Gosh, si eminenca gri prapa RSF. Nj\u00eblloj si Arabia Saudite, megjith\u00ebse duke u par\u00eb si tym n\u00eb syt\u00eb e v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve mysliman\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me al-Burhan, Abu Dhabi ka mbajtur nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim me ambivalenc\u00eb pragamatike. Kur t\u00eb dy gjeneral\u00ebt qen\u00eb akoma aleat\u00eb, monarkit\u00eb e Gjirit u kan\u00eb shitur arm\u00eb t\u00eb dyve dhe kan\u00eb rekrutuar dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar n\u00eb Jemen n\u00eb favorin e qeverive t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura prej tyre.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb destabilizim i plot\u00eb i vendit do t\u00eb prekte interesat emiratase dhe saudite: p\u00ebr shembull, Abu Dhabi \u00ebsht\u00eb impenjuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb investim prej 6 miliard dollar\u00ebsh p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb zinxhir furnizimi ushqimor n\u00eb Sudan, nd\u00ebrsa Riadi tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i z\u00ebn\u00eb me mij\u00ebrat e refugjat\u00ebve q\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar Detin e Kuq p\u00ebr t\u2019i shp\u00ebtuar konfliktit. Prej fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, vet\u00ebm Rusia tregohet v\u00ebrtet aktive dhe jo n\u00eb favor t\u00eb zgjidhjes s\u00eb konfliktit. Prej koh\u00ebsh Moska \u00ebsht\u00eb e impenjuar t\u00eb zgjerohet n\u00eb fash\u00ebn sahaliane, duke shfryt\u00ebzuar dob\u00ebsin\u00eb e vendit t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb me emergjenc\u00ebn klimaterike dhe konfliktet civile, si Republika e Afrik\u00ebs Qendrore, dhe n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet pun\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjetit paraushtarak t\u00eb Evgenij Prigo\u017ein, fam\u00ebkeqit Grup Wagner. N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb armatimeve dhe d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb mercenar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij si st\u00ebrvit\u00ebs, miliarderi i af\u00ebrt me Putinin ka siguruar kon\u00e7ensionet minerare p\u00ebr Meroe Gold e tij, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ka kontrabanduar n\u00eb atdhe ar p\u00ebr rreth 2 miliard dollar\u00eb. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, junta sudaneze shkurtin e kaluar i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs drit\u00ebn jeshile p\u00ebr realizimin e nj\u00eb baze detare ruse n\u00eb Port Sudan, n\u00eb Detin e Kuq, por sot rus\u00ebt duket se synojn\u00eb mbi Dagalo, manjat i arit, si kalin e tyre fitues, aq sa pavar\u00ebsisht hedhjeve posht\u00eb zyrtare, Grupi Wagner i ka siguruar RSF raketa antiajrore me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt t\u00eb zeroj\u00eb avantazhin e aviacionit t\u00eb SAF.<\/p>\n

Interes apo vullnet t\u00eb pakt\u00eb kan\u00eb treguar dhe jo nga sot si Kina, ashtu edhe Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Bashkimi Europian. Pekini e shikon konfliktin si nj\u00eb turbullim t\u00eb radh\u00ebs s\u00eb bizneseve t\u00eb veta, duke qen\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb prej investitor\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj n\u00eb vend, sidomos n\u00eb sektorin petrolifer ku e furnizon me \u00be e kapitalit. Kina ka preferuar t\u00eb mos hyj\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhje dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kufizuar t\u2019i bashkohet korit t\u00eb apelimit t\u00eb arm\u00ebpushimit. Si Uashingtoni, ashtu edhe Europa nisen me difelt, duke zgjedhur t\u00eb mos i sanksionojn\u00eb t\u00eb dy gjeneral\u00ebt pas pu\u00e7it t\u00eb 2021 dhe represioneve brutale t\u00eb protestave civile q\u00eb i kan\u00eb pasuar. Nj\u00eb linj\u00eb e but\u00eb q\u00eb sot e b\u00ebn shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb shuarjen e nj\u00eb zjarri q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ndezur.<\/p>\n

(nga Aspenia Institute<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

15 prillin e kaluar tranzicioni m\u00eb i brisht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i paplot\u00eb i Sudanit drejt demokracis\u00eb ka ndaluar me shp\u00ebrthimin e luft\u00ebs civile. P\u00ebrplasja \u00ebsht\u00eb midis ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb rregullt sudaneze (Sudanese Armed Forces \u2013 SAF) e udh\u00ebhequr nga gjenerali Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman al-Burhan dhe paraushtarak\u00ebve t\u00eb forcave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb shpejt\u00eb (Rapid Support Forces \u2013 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":45369,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45368"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45368"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45368\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}