{"id":40656,"date":"2023-03-17T09:41:25","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T09:41:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=40656"},"modified":"2023-03-17T09:41:25","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T09:41:25","slug":"historia-brenda-berlinit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/03\/17\/historia-brenda-berlinit\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia brenda Berlinit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>N\u00eb Wilhelmstrasse, ku 90 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb parakalonin nazist\u00ebt, sot ka piceri, qebaptore dhe monumente q\u00eb kujtojn\u00eb viktimat e Hitlerit. Reportazh nga nj\u00eb qytet q\u00eb rilexon t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e harruar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Berlin. \u00abNj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr\u00bb, bile \u00abnj\u00eb mrekulli\u00bb. Joseph G\u00f6bbels p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndet em\u00ebrimin e \u201cF\u00fchrer\u201d Adolf Hitler si kancelar i Rajhut. \u00cbsht\u00eb 30 janari i vitit 1933. Ministri i ardhsh\u00ebm i Propagand\u00ebs naziste \u00ebsht\u00eb i ekzaltuar: \u00abWilhelmstrasse \u00ebsht\u00eb e jona\u00bb: \u00ebsht\u00eb lagja qeveritare q\u00eb Hitleri do ta p\u00ebrmbys\u00eb nga aty e pak p\u00ebr t\u2019i l\u00ebn\u00eb vendin nj\u00eb Kance\u00ebarie t\u00eb gjat\u00eb mbi 400 metra e nd\u00ebrtuar nga \u201carkitekti i djallit\u201d, Albert Speer. 90 vite m\u00eb pas nga kjo zem\u00ebr e pushtetit q\u00eb shtrihej deri n\u00eb Port\u00ebn e Brandeburgut kan\u00eb mbetur pak gjurm\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebndin midis Vossstrasse dhe Wilhelmstrasse, ku Hitleri p\u00eblqente p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur turmat, shfaqen shenjat e Berlinit t\u00eb bashkuar, t\u00eb \u00e7liruar, kapitalist dhe paksa e pavet\u00ebdijshme. Restoranti kinez \u201cPata e Pekinit\u201d, supermarketi Ullrich, nj\u00eb qebaptore, nj\u00eb \u201cPizza e Pasta\u201d me shenj\u00ebn tringjyr\u00ebshe. Vet\u00ebm pak metra m\u00eb n\u00eb jug reziston nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb e mbijetuar nazizmit. \u00cbsht\u00eb ministria kolosale e Aviacionit, e transformuar gjat\u00eb komunizmit n\u00eb \u201cministrin\u00eb e ministrive\u201d. Me Gjermanin\u00eb e ribashkuar \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb sht\u00ebpia e Wolfgang Schaeuble, Olaf Scholz dhe Christian Lindner: ministri t\u00eb Financave, tempull i rrept\u00ebsis\u00eb teutone. Lagja e vjet\u00ebr qeveritare e nazist\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb flakur tej t\u00ebr\u00ebrisht nga lufta dhe mij\u00ebra ton\u00ebt e bombave q\u00eb ran\u00eb mbi Berlin deri m\u00eb 1945. N\u00eb vitet e Gjermanis\u00eb komuniste, zona p\u00ebrreth Kancelaris\u00eb s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Hitlerit u fut pjes\u00ebrisht nga rripi i vdekjes i krijuar p\u00ebrreth Murit, por me ribashkimin gjerman t\u00eb 1990 ajo lagje ka ndryshuar s\u00ebrish, rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht, dhe prapa Vossstrasse, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e prapme t\u00eb Kancelaris\u00eb s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar nga bombat dhe t\u00eb demoluar p\u00ebrfundimisht n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e pasluft\u00ebs, n\u00eb kopshtin e ministris\u00eb s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Jashtme t\u00eb Joachim von Ribbentrop, e zhdukur edhe ajo, shfaqet sot Monumenti i Viktimave t\u00eb Shoahut: n\u00eb 19000 netra katrore shtrihen 2711 shtylla me lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb kujtojn\u00eb 6 milion hebrenjt\u00eb e shfarosur nga t\u00ebrbimi bazist. Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebshkim.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Djegia e Rajhshtagut<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Terrori hitlerian fillon m\u00eb 30 janar 1933. Ajo dat\u00eb nuk sh\u00ebnon vet\u00ebm per\u00ebndimin e Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veimarit. Nga aty e prapa nazist\u00ebt, q\u00eb kan\u00eb fituar zgjedhjet e n\u00ebntorit 1932 me <em>vet\u00ebm <\/em>33% t\u00eb votave, djegin Rajhshtagun duke faj\u00ebsuar komunist\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb flakur tej \u00e7do gjurm\u00eb demokracie dhe do ta transformojn\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb diktatur\u00eb totalitare, nj\u00eb regjim \u00abq\u00eb ia n\u00ebnshtron \u00e7do akt t\u00eb individit shtetit dhe ideologjis\u00eb s\u00eb tij\u00bb sipas p\u00ebrkufizimit t\u00eb zgjuar t\u00eb Umberto Eco. Mbr\u00ebmjen e 30 janarit milicit\u00eb paraushtarake t\u00eb Hitlerit, SA dhe SS, marshojn\u00eb n\u00eb unison me pishtar\u00ebt n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Wilhelmstrasse dhe Port\u00ebs s\u00eb Brandeburgut. Nj\u00eb paralajm\u00ebrim q\u00eb ua ngrin gjakun shum\u00ebve, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 aktor\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb atij epilogu konvuls dhe dramatik t\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs republikane. At\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb dimri presidenti i moshuar i republik\u00ebs, Paul von Hindenburg, q\u00eb pasi e ka quajtur gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb njeri t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm dhe e ka em\u00ebruar F\u00fchrer n\u00eb krye t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb koalicionit, shfaqet i trazuar n\u00eb dritaren e pallatit presidencial, por edhe piktori i madh impresionist Max Liebermann v\u00ebren i preokupuar marshimin e k\u00ebmishave t\u00eb murme n\u00ebn apartamentin e tij n\u00eb Pariser Platz: \u00abNuk do t\u00eb kisha ngr\u00ebn\u00eb kurr\u00eb aq shum\u00eb sa t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqja d\u00ebshir\u00ebn time p\u00ebr t\u00eb vjell\u00eb\u00bb komenton ai. Megjithat\u00eb, dy dit\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb gazetat e kan\u00eb quajtur Hitler \u201ckancelarin e karnavalit\u201d. Partia Nacional \u2013 Socialiste ka shumic\u00ebn relative, por parlamenti i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veimarit \u00ebsht\u00eb i paralizuar nga betot e kryq\u00ebzuara \u2013 edhe midis socialdemokrat\u00ebve e komunist\u00ebve. N\u00eb janarin e vitit 1933 ish kancelari Franz von Papen, q\u00eb kryen traktativat p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koalicion t\u00eb ri midis nazist\u00ebve, konservator\u00ebve t\u00eb DNVP dhe l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb ish luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve Stahlhelm, u beson t\u00eb tij\u00ebve se \u00abn\u00eb dy muaj do ta kemi shtyr\u00eb Hitlerin aq shum\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb cep sa do t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00eblb\u00ebzoj\u00eb\u00bb. E konsideron si kukull. Nj\u00eb <em>hybris <\/em>q\u00eb Gjermania dhe Europa do ta paguajn\u00eb shtrenjt. Bertolt Brecht do ta quaj\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb Hitler, t\u00eb maskuar prapa alter egos si tij teatrale Arturo Ui, nj\u00eb \u00abngjitje t\u00eb rezistueshme\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dhurat\u00eb e interesuar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dhe n\u00eb fakt historian\u00ebt nuk p\u00eblqejn\u00eb m\u00eb ta quajn\u00eb \u201cardhjen n\u00eb pushteti t\u00eb Hitlerit\u201d at\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb kobshme. Preferojn\u00eb \u201cdor\u00ebzimin e pushtetit\u201d. Sepse praktikisht ju dhurua nga nj\u00eb seri politikan\u00ebsh mediok\u00ebr q\u00eb ia n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuan rrezikshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, duke menduar se po e manovronin si marionet\u00eb dhe kjo edhe pse Hitler kishte shkruar vite m\u00eb par\u00eb manifestin e tij t\u00eb par\u00eb politik, pamfletin delirant antisemit <em>Mein<\/em> <em>Kampf<\/em>, edhe pse kishte tentuar tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb pu\u00e7 ushtarak n\u00eb Mynih m\u00eb 1923, edhe pse bandat e tij t\u00eb fanatik\u00ebve qysh n\u00eb vitet \u201920 persekutonin kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt me nj\u00eb mizori t\u00eb pad\u00ebgjuar. \u00abProblemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se tentojm\u00eb ta shikojm\u00eb historin\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb trajektore teleologjike\u00bb, na shpjegon Dan Diner, nj\u00eb prej historian\u00ebve t\u00eb gjall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj q\u00eb i ka kushtuar faqe themelore nazizmit, duke krijuar shprehjen punktuale <em>Zivilisationsbruch<\/em>, prishje t\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e 12 vje\u00e7arit hitlerian. \u00abArgumentojn\u00eb se ngjitja e nazist\u00ebve u favorizua nga posht\u00ebrimi i humbjes n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, nga d\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblimet e r\u00ebnda t\u00eb luft\u00ebs t\u00eb imponuara nga Traktati i Versaj\u00ebs, nga hiperinflacioni q\u00eb n\u00eb fillimvitet \u201920 e zhyti Republik\u00ebn e Veimarit n\u00eb kaos. Ama harrojm\u00eb edhe se Veimari pati nj\u00eb pes\u00ebvje\u00e7ar t\u00eb art\u00eb, nga 1924 deri m\u00eb 1929 dhe faktin q\u00eb kriza e madhe e 1929 e ka mbytur at\u00eb parantez\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb qet\u00eb. Pra p\u00ebr ta kuptuar 30 janarin e 1933 duhet par\u00eb historia si nj\u00eb pasim koincidencash, jo si nj\u00eb linj\u00eb e drejt\u00eb ngjarjesh q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb epilog t\u00eb pashmangsh\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb fillimet e 1933, n\u00eb at\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb brisht\u00eb t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veimarit, historia do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb l\u00ebvizte edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm\u00bb, vazhdon Diner. I arritur n\u00eb telefon, ish profesori i Universitett t\u00eb Jeruzalemit dhe Lajpcigut rr\u00ebfen se pik\u00ebrisht nga kjo vet\u00ebdije \u2013 n\u00eb histori asgj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e pashmangshme \u2013 lind ekpsozita q\u00eb ka ideuar n\u00eb program n\u00eb Deutsches Historisches Museum deri m\u00eb 24 n\u00ebntor. Titulli \u00ebsht\u00eb <em>Roads not taken<\/em>: v\u00ebrtitet rreth 14 t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave themelore t\u00eb historis\u00eb gjermane dhe alternativave t\u00eb mund\u00ebshme. \u00abHistoria nuk b\u00ebhet me po sikur, por q\u00ebllimi ishte t\u2019u shpjegohej gjerman\u00ebve se nuk ka asgj\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme n\u00eb evenimentet historike, q\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb ka qen\u00eb dhe gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb altenativ\u00eb t\u00eb mundur\u00bb, shpjegon akoma Diner.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb prej etapave t\u00eb zgjedhura nga historiani \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht 30 shtatori i vitit 1933 dhe kurator\u00ebt e kan\u00eb mbushur dhom\u00ebn e muzeumit me foto dhe rr\u00ebfime t\u00eb asaj dite tragjike, duke nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb paj aspekte shpesh t\u00eb l\u00ebna pasdore. Nj\u00eb foto \u00e7asti e gjeneral\u00ebve t\u00eb Rajhsverit (forcave t\u00eb armatosura gjermane), Kurt von Schleicher dhe Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord, kujton se n\u00eb ato or\u00eb konvulse ku po lind\u00ebte qeveria Hitler, n\u00eb Berlin qarkullonin z\u00ebra k\u00ebnb\u00ebngul\u00ebs p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pu\u00e7 ushtarak. \u00abDiskutohej shum\u00eb\u00bb, m\u00eb thot\u00eb Lili Reyels, nj\u00eb prej kuratoreve t\u00eb ekspozit\u00ebs, \u00abdhe ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb prej element\u00ebve t\u00eb presionit ndaj Hindenburg q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtonte afatet p\u00ebr em\u00ebrimin e Hitler\u00bb. Pra F\u00fchrer u konsideria nj\u00eb e keqe m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl respektivisht nj\u00eb grushti shteti t\u00eb niveleve drejtuese ushtarake. Nj\u00eb miopi fatale, e diktuar sidomos nga etja p\u00ebr pushtet e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsit von Papen. \u00abDuhet ditur se ish kancelari von Papen ishte komshi me presidentin Hindenburg dhe e p\u00ebrshkonte pjes\u00ebn e shkurt\u00ebr nga pallati presidencial n\u00eb apartamentin e tij p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebshp\u00ebritur n\u00eb vesh idet\u00eb e tij\u00bb. Faktikisht qe ai, si\u00e7 e shpjegon nj\u00eb kartel i ekspozit\u00ebs, q\u00eb e paralajm\u00ebroi se \u00abn\u00ebse brenda 11 nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb qeveri t\u00eb re, do t\u00eb vij\u00eb Rajhsvehri. Nj\u00eb diktatur\u00eb ushtarake e Schleicher dhe Hammerstein\u00bb. Hindenburg zgjodhi Hitler, F\u00fchrer e nj\u00eb partie q\u00eb \u00abbashkonte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb militante dhe bujsh\u00ebm efikase iden\u00eb komb\u00ebtare me nj\u00eb ide sociale\u00bb, si\u00e7 e quajtur qysh n\u00eb 1930 nj\u00eb i frik\u00ebsuar Thomas Mann. Tek libri i tij <em>Apel p\u00ebr ar\u00ebsyen<\/em>, nobelisti i ardhsh\u00ebm kishte ftuar Franc\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur kushtet e Traktatit t\u00eb Versaj\u00ebs. Ashtu si John Maynard Keynes nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, Mann e kishte kuptuar se fushata bombarduese e Hitler kund\u00ebr Traktatit q\u00eb i kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb lidh\u00ebs vdekjeprur\u00ebs p\u00ebr gjerman\u00ebt q\u00eb ndjeheshin t\u00eb posht\u00ebruar nga d\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblimet dhe nj\u00eb justifikim energjik p\u00ebr fantazit\u00eb subversive t\u00eb Hitler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nostalgji dhe batak\u00e7inj<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Deutsches Historisches Museum ndodhet n\u00eb bulevardin e gjer\u00eb Unter den Linden, disa qindra metra larg nga Porta e Bradenburgut dhe nga Wilhelmstrasse, lagjia q\u00eb qe zemra e pushtetit nazist dhe q\u00eb mir\u00ebpret sot Monumentin e Viktimave t\u00eb Shoahut. Nj\u00eb armik q\u00eb nuk u p\u00eblqen aspak nostalgjik\u00ebve t\u00eb nazizmit, kujt nuk e ka pranuar kurr\u00eb q\u00eb Gjermania ka rilindur si nj\u00eb demokraci e q\u00ebndrueshme nga g\u00ebrmadhat e s\u00eb \u00abkeqes t\u00eb shekullit\u00bb, si\u00e7 e quajn\u00eb historian\u00ebt, dhe t\u00eb \u00abluft\u00ebs totale\u00bb, si\u00e7 e quajti Hitleri. Si nj\u00eb lum\u00eb karstik, her\u00ebpas\u00ebhere dalin spektret e s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs. N\u00eb dhjetor Prokuroria e P\u00ebrgjithshme ka arrestuar nj\u00eb grup nostalgjik\u00ebsh aktiv\u00eb n\u00eb ushtri dhe n\u00eb polici q\u00eb qen\u00eb mbledhur rretj nj\u00eb princi t\u00eb zi nga Turinigia, Henriku i XIII Reuss, dhe prej 8 vitesh nj\u00eb parti e dalluar nga nostalgji naziste ulet deri n\u00eb parlament, Alternativa p\u00ebr Gjermanin\u00eb (Afd). P\u00ebr t\u00eb provuar se arkitektura e kujtes\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fyerje p\u00ebr k\u00eb shpreson ende n\u00eb nj\u00eb rikthim t\u00eb F\u00fchrer, Holger von Winterstein, eksponenti Afd, \u00ebsht\u00eb fotografuar koh\u00ebt e fundit teksa vall\u00ebzonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb prej pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb Monumentit t\u00eb Holokaustit, duke e quajtur \u00abnj\u00eb hale t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer\u00bb dhe duke \u201ccic\u00ebruar\u201d \u00able ta marrin atdheun ton\u00eb!\u00bb. N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn edhe Bjoern Hoecke, lider i partis\u00eb n\u00eb Turingi dhe shef i Der Fl\u00fcgel, korrentit m\u00eb radikal, e kishte quajtur monumentin \u00abnj\u00eb turp\u00bb. T\u00eb dyve i \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebrkimfalje dhe t\u00eb korrigjojn\u00eb, duke p\u00ebsuar kritika t\u00eb r\u00ebnda deri nga drejtuesit e Afd. N\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me vende si Italia ku fashizmat trajtohen me nj\u00eb leht\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar, n\u00eb Gjermani apologjia e nazizmit dhe mohimi nd\u00ebshkohen me burg dhe antisemitizmi konsiderohet nj\u00eb krim i pafalsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb 16 vitet e kanceleratit t\u00eb saj, Angela Merkel ka vendosur nj\u00eb vij\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe t\u00eb qart\u00eb q\u00eb vjen drejt nga p\u00ebrvoja tragjike e atij 30 janari t\u00eb 1933 ku konservator\u00ebt menduan t\u2019i zbusin nazist\u00ebt. P\u00ebrcaktoi se CDU\/CSU, partia e konservator\u00ebve, nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej kurr\u00eb aleate me Afd apo me \u00e7do formacion tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs ekstreme. Nj\u00eb anatem\u00eb q\u00eb reziston deri m\u00eb sot. Ka qen\u00eb Merkel ajo q\u00eb ka em\u00ebruar p\u00eber her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb komisarin p\u00ebr Luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr Antisemitizmit, n\u00ebnsekretarin e Brendsh\u00ebm Felix Klein. P\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7imentuar at\u00eb \u201ckurr\u00eb m\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb premtuar bot\u00ebs nga Gjermania pasnaziste, pasi diktatura e Hitlerit kishte rr\u00ebnj\u00eb t\u00eb thella n\u00eb antisemitizmin radikal, si\u00e7 m\u00eb kujton Tommaso Speccher, filozof dhe autore i nj\u00eb libri themelor p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar rip\u00ebrpunimin e nazizmit n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e pasluft\u00ebs: <em>Gjermania i ka lar\u00eb hesapet me nazizmin <\/em>(sht\u00ebpia botuese Laterza).<\/p>\n<p>\u00abAntisemitizmi radikal gjerman lind n\u00eb \u2018800 nga nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje teoris\u00eb pseudoshkencore midis t\u00eb cilave darvinizmi social q\u00eb shpik racat superiore. Pra \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe nga antijudaizmi i vjet\u00ebr. Ky takim midis racizmit dhe antisemitizmit \u00ebsht\u00eb nyja e teorive t\u00eb \u2018900, por p\u00ebr Hitlerin antisemitizmi b\u00ebhet sidomos nj\u00eb instrument propagande me nj\u00eb funksion nacionalist: d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb nxis\u00eb masat, q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet \u201920 po shfaqen, kund\u00ebr minorancave t\u00eb caktuara, n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb <em>Volkstum, <\/em>p\u00ebrktat\u00ebsia ndaj nj\u00eb populli fillestar t\u00eb supozuar\u00bb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 strukturimit socialisht dhe antropologjikisht iden\u00eb ekskluzive t\u00eb \u201cgjermanicitetit\u201d, sipas Speccher antisemitizmi sh\u00ebrbeu edhe \u00abp\u00ebr propagand\u00ebn kund\u00ebr shoq\u00ebris\u00eb liberale q\u00eb po zhvillohej n\u00eb ato vite. Hebrenjt\u00eb perceptoheshin si nj\u00eb komunitet q\u00eb i kund\u00ebrviheshin ides\u00eb ende t\u00eb re t\u00eb kombit\u00bb. \u00abAntisemitizmi shfaros\u00ebs\u00bb, si\u00e7 e ka quajtur historiani Daniel Goldhagen, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen paras\u00ebgjithash gjerman, por infektoi edhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Sipas historian\u00ebve, rreth 260000 njer\u00ebz u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb Shoah, nga oficer\u00ebt SS tek punonj\u00ebsit e hekurudhave q\u00eb drejtonin trenat e vdekjes: 190000 qen\u00eb gjerman\u00eb. Por p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr qen\u00eb kroat\u00eb, belg\u00eb, lituanez\u00eb, hungarez\u00eb, polak\u00eb, italian\u00eb. Me pak fjal\u00eb, europian\u00eb. Nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm, i sapodal\u00eb, rr\u00ebfen nj\u00eb an\u00eb shpesh t\u00eb harruar t\u00eb antisemitizmit t\u00eb viteve \u201830. Sigurisht, pla\u00e7kitjet dhe persekutimet, shpron\u00ebsimet dhe dhunat u p\u00ebrshpejtuan n\u00eb vitin 1933, kur p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr u inaugurua edhe kampi i p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit i Dachau. Por antisemitizmi i nazist\u00ebve qe edhe nj\u00eb proces, si\u00e7 e rr\u00ebfen Mara Fazio n\u00eb librin e saj <em>Nga ba\u00e7ja n\u00eb ferr<\/em>. Historia e familjes s\u00eb saj demonstron sesi duke filluar nga viti 1933 \u00abpolitika e p\u00ebrgjithshme u b\u00eb fat vetjak\u00bb dhe percipiton gjith\u00e7ka n\u00eb nj\u00eb ferr shpronlsimesh, diskriminimesh, degradimesh, vet\u00ebvrasjesh dhe deportimesh n\u00eb kampin e p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb Theresienstadt. Let\u00ebrk\u00ebmbimi i familjar\u00ebve t\u00eb saj, shkruan Fazio, pasqyron \u00abstilin vet\u00ebvras\u00ebs mizor t\u00eb imponuar nga jeta e hebrejve gjerman\u00eb nga qindra ligje, urdh\u00ebra dhe rregulla antisemite t\u00eb miratuara pdo dit\u00eb nga aparati shtet\u00ebror nazist, deri n\u00eb vendimin e shfarosjes s\u00eb tyre\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Gjermani m\u00ebsimi i 30 janarit 1933 duket i gjall\u00eb, p\u00ebrtej kontradiktave t\u00eb shumta n\u00eb rip\u00ebrpunimin e nazizmit n\u00eb dekadat e para t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs t\u00eb mir\u00ebp\u00ebrshkruara nga Speccher. Sipas filozofi nj\u00eb prej ar\u00ebsyeve themelore t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb s\u00eb bashkuar n\u00eb 1990 ka qen\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht refuzimi i nacionalizmit radikal, i forcuar nga barriera merkeliane djathtas. \u00abN\u00eb Itali\u00bb, kujton Speccher, \u00abka ndodhur e kund\u00ebrta: me Republik\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb dhe berluskonizmin \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur antifashizmi si ngjit\u00ebs i harkut kushtetues. Fashizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdoganuar\u00bb. Ndoshta nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast at\u00ebhere q\u00eb n\u00eb vendin e Olaf Scholz, ku n\u00eb 2021 90% e votuesve ka votuar p\u00ebr parti t\u00eb \u2018800 dhe \u2018900, shum\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb flakur tej n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb tjera europiane, demokracia duket m\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme se kurr\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>(nga <em>Il Venerdi<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00eb Wilhelmstrasse, ku 90 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb parakalonin nazist\u00ebt, sot ka piceri, qebaptore dhe monumente q\u00eb kujtojn\u00eb viktimat e Hitlerit. Reportazh nga nj\u00eb qytet q\u00eb rilexon t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e harruar. Berlin. \u00abNj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr\u00bb, bile \u00abnj\u00eb mrekulli\u00bb. Joseph G\u00f6bbels p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndet em\u00ebrimin e \u201cF\u00fchrer\u201d Adolf Hitler si kancelar i Rajhut. \u00cbsht\u00eb 30 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":40657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40656"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40656"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40656\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}