{"id":36477,"date":"2023-02-07T09:45:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T09:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=36477"},"modified":"2023-02-07T09:45:00","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T09:45:00","slug":"1936-kur-fatet-e-europes-luheshin-ne-spanje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/02\/07\/1936-kur-fatet-e-europes-luheshin-ne-spanje\/","title":{"rendered":"1936,\u00a0kur fatet e Europ\u00ebs luheshin n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb par\u00eb Luft\u00ebs Civile kishte qen\u00eb\u00a0epidemia.\u00a0Dilema:\u00a0t\u2019u d\u00ebrgonin apo jo arm\u00eb republikan\u00ebve t\u00eb sulmuar nga falangat e\u00a0Franco?\u00a0Edhe at\u00ebhere diplomaci e pafuqishme, propagand\u00eb dhe\u00a0fake news.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb zgjedhjet politike Fronti Popullor ishte mrekulluar. N\u00eb surpriz\u00eb, kund\u00ebr \u00e7do pritshm\u00ebrie, pavar\u00ebsisht t\u00eb gjitha sondazheve. Nj\u00eb \u00e7ik\u00eb si\u00a0Zelensky\u00a0q\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a02019\u00a0kishte par\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhej president me balotazh me 73% t\u00eb votave. E majta spanjolle n\u00eb\u00a01936\u00a0kishte marr\u00eb\u00a0263 deputat\u00eb\u00a0(151 republikan\u00eb, 88 socialist\u00eb, 14\u00a0komunist\u00eb, 10\u00a0t\u00eb pavarur t\u00eb majt\u00eb).\u00a0E djathta kishte marr\u00eb\u00a0156 (101\u00a0p\u00ebr CEDA, Konfederat\u00ebn Spanjolle t\u00eb t\u00eb Djathtave t\u00eb Pavarura, ultrakatolik\u00eb,\u00a015\u00a0Karlist\u00eb, 13 monarkist\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0Calvo Sotelo,\u00a027\u00a0t\u00eb pavarur). N\u00eb mes q\u00ebndronin 54 centrist\u00eb, por q\u00eb nuk vlenin asgj\u00eb, pasi e majta kishte mazhoranc\u00ebn absolute e vetme, pavar\u00ebsisht se n\u00eb terma votash kishte rezultuar thuajse baraz me t\u00eb djatht\u00ebn\u00a0(4700000,\u00a0baraz me 47%),\u00a0kundrejt\u00a04500000,\u00a0baraz me 46%).\u00a0E djathta, q\u00eb ishte n\u00ebn shok me humbjen e papritur, filloi menj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb projektoj\u00eb nj\u00eb grusht shteti, duke sonduar gjeneral\u00ebt.\u00a0Vinte natyrale:\u00a0grushte shteti dhe diktatura ushtarake Spanja kishte njohur t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb vitet e m\u00ebparshme. P\u00ebrfundoi n\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb civile mizore dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjakshme, t\u00eb cil\u00ebs i qen\u00eb hapur fatet e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Europ\u00ebs.\u00a0Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, lufta mizore ishte vazhdimi i nj\u00eb politike mizore. Nuk ishte e p\u00ebrgatitur t\u00eb qeveriste e majta. Nuk ishte e gatshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrtypte nj\u00eb rezultat t\u00eb pafavorsh\u00ebm n\u00eb votime e djathta.\u00a0Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Socialiste grindeshin dy lider\u00eb socialist\u00eb q\u00eb urreheshin midis tyre:\u00a0Francisco Largo Caballero\u00a0dhe Indalecio Prieto.\u00a0Qen\u00eb, nj\u00ebra kund\u00ebr tjetr\u00ebs, dy sindikata shum\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme t\u00eb majta:\u00a0UGT socialiste dhe CGT anarkiste dhe dy partive komuniste, asaj ortodokse besnike ndaj Rusis\u00eb dhe asaj trockiste.\u00a0Ishte nacionalizmi bask, q\u00eb kishte vendosur \u2013 kund\u00ebr qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb majt\u00eb \u2013 t\u00eb shpron\u00ebsonte tokat, dhe ishte edhe nacionalizmi katalanas, ende n\u00eb konflikt me\u00a0Madridin.\u00a0P\u00ebrve\u00e7 nj\u00eb pafund\u00ebsie grupesh, grupthesh, korporatash dhe bashkimesh t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00eb gjitha partit\u00eb\u00a0(p\u00ebrjashto republikan\u00ebt)\u00a0po hynin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb loj\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme dhe idiote.\u00a0Qen\u00eb milicit\u00eb katalanase dhe t\u00eb nacionalist\u00ebve baske,\u00a0requet\u00e9s<\/em>, centurione falangiste, komuniste, socialiste\u00a0[\u2026]\u00a0Loj\u00eb e rrezikshme sepse\u00a0[\u2026]\u00a0edhe pse n\u00eb format lodre, nxiste p\u00ebr luft\u00eb dhe loj\u00eb idiote, sepse t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb luanin me ushtar\u00ebt nuk e kuptonin se do t\u00eb donin t\u00eb merrnin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb d\u00ebfrim edhe ushtar\u00ebt e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u201d,\u00a0shkruan n\u00eb ditarin e tij t\u00eb atyre viteve\u00a0Manuel Aza\u00f1a D\u00edaz,\u00a0q\u00eb si lider i partis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb votuar qe kreu i par\u00eb i qeverive t\u00eb majta e m\u00eb pas president i Republik\u00ebs.\u00a0Masakrat dhe vrasjet e kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve b\u00ebn\u00eb kusurin. Vrasja e mbi 12000 klerik\u00ebve nuk e inkurajoi simpatin\u00eb e katolik\u00ebve.\u00a0Alzamiento\u00a0<\/em>e gjeneral\u00ebve e kishte kaluar me shum\u00eb pak vrasjen mizore e eksponentit m\u00eb t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs n\u00eb\u00a0Senat, Calvo Sotelo.\u00a0Sapo kishte mbajtur nj\u00eb diskutim n\u00eb\u00a0Cortes\u00a0ku ankohej se n\u00eb shtypjen e revolt\u00ebs s\u00eb armatosur n\u00eb\u00a0Asturie\u00a0dhe\u00a0asaj autonomiste n\u00eb Katalonj\u00eb, qeveria qe treguar shum\u00eb dor\u00eblir\u00eb.\u00a0N\u00eb realitet n\u00eb\u00a0Asturie gjenerali\u00a0Lopez Ochoa ishte dalluar duke urdh\u00ebruar pushkatime\u00a0jo t\u00eb diskriminuara, masive, por shum\u00eb pak, asgj\u00eb respektivisht me\u00a0\u201c40000\u00a0pushkatimet e Komuneve q\u00eb\u00a0[n\u00eb Franc\u00ebn e\u00a01871<\/em>]\u00a0kishin siguruar 60 vite paqeje sociale\u201d.\u00a0I marr\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tij, i detyruar t\u00eb hipte n\u00eb nj\u00eb kamion\u00e7in\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0Guardia\u00a0Civil<\/em>, Calvo Sotelo u\u00a0likuidua me 2 t\u00eb sht\u00ebna n\u00eb t\u00ebmth.\u00a0Kishin krijuar nj\u00eb krim\u00a0Matteotti\u00a0n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb majt\u00eb. Nj\u00eb grup tjet\u00ebr milic\u00ebsh t\u00eb majt\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a0Madrid\u00a0e kishte marr\u00eb gjeneralin\u00a0Ochoa, \u201ckatilin e\u00a0Asturieve\u201d,\u00a0nga krevati i tij n\u00eb spital, e kishte kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr arm\u00eb dhe kishte kaluar rrug\u00ebt e kryeqytetit pasi e kishin goditur n\u00eb kok\u00eb me nj\u00eb kaz\u00ebm. Asnj\u00eb nga t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt nuk ishte e but\u00eb me t\u00eb burgosurit.\u00a0I\u00a0pushkatonin p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb masive. Midis arritjeve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb republikan\u00ebve n\u00eb arrati drejt kufirit me Franc\u00ebn qe pushkatimi i t\u00eb burgosurve q\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr prapa dhe q\u00eb tashm\u00eb pengonin marshimin.\u00a0\u00cbsht\u00eb argumenti i nj\u00eb libri t\u00eb bukur t\u00eb\u00a0Javier Cercas,\u00a0Ushtar\u00ebt e\u00a0Salamin\u00ebs\u00a0<\/em>(Guanda 2016), tem\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nj\u00eb shkrimtar t\u00eb deklaruar si i majt\u00eb.\u00a0Si fatth\u00ebnat b\u00ebnin thirrje p\u00ebr furtun\u00eb,\u00a0dhunat e djathta dhe revoltat separatiste n\u00eb Asturie dhe Katalonj\u00eb, b\u00ebnin thirrje p\u00ebr fashiz\u00ebm.\u00a0P\u00ebr \u201cd\u00ebshp\u00ebrimin e zi\u201d t\u00eb tyre, shkruante\u00a0Manuel Aza\u00f1a,\u00a0kreu i qeveris\u00eb kund\u00ebrd\u00ebshir\u00eb, m\u00eb 17 mars\u00a01936 n\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr private p\u00ebr kunatin:\u00a0\u201cSot kan\u00eb djegur n\u00eb\u00a0Yecla 7\u00a0kisha, 6 sht\u00ebpi, t\u00eb gjitha qendra politike t\u00eb s\u00eb Djatht\u00ebs dhe Regjistrin e Pronave. N\u00eb mesdit\u00eb djegie n\u00eb\u00a0Albacete e\u00a0n\u00eb\u00a0Almansa.\u00a0Dje trazira dhe vrasje n\u00eb\u00a0Jumilla, Sabato Logro\u00f1o,\u00a0t\u00eb premten Madrid:\u00a03\u00a0kisha.\u00a0E enjte dhe e m\u00ebrkur\u00eb, Vallecas\u00a0[\u2026].\u00a0N\u00eb rrug\u00ebn\u00a0Caballero de Gracia,\u00a0kan\u00eb rrahur me shkop nj\u00eb major n\u00eb uniform\u00eb q\u00eb po b\u00ebnte asgj\u00eb.\u00a0N\u00eb\u00a0El Ferrol\u00a0dy oficer\u00eb artilerie\u00a0[\u2026]\u201d. E\u00a0k\u00ebsht\u00eb me radh\u00eb, p\u00ebr faqe e faqe, deri n\u00eb konkluzionin e shk\u00ebshilluar: \u201cQysh kur \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar qeveria\u00a0[\u2026]\u00a0e ka humbur num\u00ebrimin\u201d.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr\u00a0frankist\u00ebt, Republika ishte triumfi i Bish\u00ebs bolshevike, hordhis\u00eb s\u00eb kuqe, diktatur\u00ebs marksiste, monstruozitetit t\u00eb mish\u00ebruar, shfryrjes s\u00eb pakontrolluar t\u00eb armiqve t\u00eb Zotit e t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs, e armiqve t\u00eb\u00a0Spanj\u00ebs q\u00eb ia n\u00ebnshtronin nj\u00eb martiri t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb tmerrsh\u00ebm, strehimit t\u00eb kriminel\u00ebve, t\u00eb vras\u00ebsve, t\u00eb shpron\u00ebsuesve,\u00a0t\u00eb p\u00ebrdhunuesve t\u00eb murgeshave dhe t\u00eb vajzave t\u00eb pafajshme, t\u00eb torturuesve dhe t\u00eb pushkatuesve t\u00eb t\u00eb burgosurve dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb pafajsh\u00ebmve. P\u00ebr republikan\u00ebt, rebel\u00ebt qen\u00eb jo nacionalist\u00eb, por tradh\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb atdheut dhe t\u00eb institucioneve t\u00eb tij demokratikisht t\u00eb zgjedhura,\u00a0fytprer\u00ebsve maroken\u00eb dhe mercenar\u00ebve, fashist\u00ebve\u00a0(p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs,\u00a0falangist\u00ebt deklaroheshin t\u00eb till\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb nuk ofendoheshin), buratin\u00eb t\u00eb Hitlerit dhe t\u00eb\u00a0Mussolini,\u00a0gango t\u00eb latifondist\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb kapitalit t\u00eb madh, masakruesve t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve, fshatar\u00ebve\u00a0dhe patriot\u00ebve, torturuesve dhe pushkatuesve t\u00eb t\u00eb burgosurve dhe t\u00eb pafajsh\u00ebmve.\u00a0Masakra qe praktikisht mizore dhe e pam\u00ebshirshme, nga t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt. Zbuloheshin prej koh\u00ebsh varre t\u00eb reja t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta\u00a0t\u00eb torturuarish dhe t\u00eb vrar\u00ebsh,\u00a0deri edhe pas vdekjes s\u00eb\u00a0Franco\u00a0dhe, sikur t\u00eb mos mjaftonte, secila prej t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebve masakronte, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 armiqve, edhe ata t\u00eb an\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, duke i akuzuar apo vet\u00ebm duke i dyshuar se qen\u00eb \u201ckolona e pest\u00eb\u201d\u00a0e\u00a0armikut. Asgj\u00eb e re n\u00ebn diell:\u00a0ka akoma rrethana ku justifikoheshin mizorit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija duke e quajtur\u00a0\u201cnazist\u201d(apo \u201ckomunist\u201d)\u00a0kund\u00ebrshtarin.\u00a0K\u00ebshtu krijoheshin jo vet\u00ebm shqet\u00ebsime, por nj\u00eb terror n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs midis t\u00eb moderuarve dhe klasave t\u00eb mesme, p\u00ebrfshi ata q\u00eb kishin votuar n\u00eb zgjedhje p\u00ebr Frontin Popullor.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr shum\u00eb i bukur dhe i dokumentuar i\u00a0Gabriele Ranzato\u00a0i titulluar\u00a0Frika\u00a0e madhe e\u00a01936:<\/em>\u00a0Si Spanja percipitoi n\u00eb luft\u00ebn civile\u00a0<\/em>(Laterza, 2011).\u00a0Njoftimet, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb ndodhnin faktet, krijonin ato \u201correjtje t\u00eb tmerrshme e t\u00eb thella\u201d\u00a0t\u00eb cilave u referohet\u00a0Gramsci\u00a0kur reflekton n\u00eb burg mbi trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e dyvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb kuq t\u00eb pushtimit t\u00eb fabrikave.\u00a0Thuajse nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim:\u00a0politik\u00ebs mizore luft\u00eb mizore. Ja imazhet:\u00a0digjet nat\u00ebn nj\u00eb qytet i bombarduar. Skena ndri\u00e7ohet vet\u00ebm nga flak\u00ebt.\u00a0Trar\u00ebt bien si prush i argjendt\u00eb.\u00a0\u00cbsht\u00eb dit\u00eb, bien sirenat. Kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb qiell bombarduesit. Civil\u00ebt nguten t\u00eb zbresin n\u00ebp\u00ebr rifuxho. Predhat n\u00eb veprim. Shp\u00ebrthime. Pallatet shkat\u00ebrrohen me t\u00eb sht\u00ebna topash. Mbesin skeletet, konturet, t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuara, t\u00eb gjymtuara me kate t\u00eb t\u00ebra. Ajo q\u00eb mbetet nga fasadat b\u00ebhet me vrima nga fishek\u00ebt e kalibrit t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb.\u00a0Njer\u00ebz q\u00eb g\u00ebrmon me lopata dhe me duar n\u00eb grumbullin q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb duhej t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb banes\u00eb.\u00a0Rrug\u00eb t\u00eb mbushur me g\u00ebrmadha dhe me mbeturina,\u00a0cop\u00ebra tashm\u00eb q\u00eb nuk hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb dyqanesh\u00a0t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruara.\u00a0Civil\u00eb q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb me vrap nj\u00eb ur\u00eb, t\u00eb p\u00ebrkulur q\u00eb t\u2019u shp\u00ebtojn\u00eb plumbave.\u00a0N\u00ebnat mbajn\u00eb n\u00eb krah\u00eb foshnjet. T\u00eb pakt\u00eb ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb nga nj\u00eb valixhe, nj\u00eb fagot. Kolona t\u00eb t\u00ebra refugjat\u00ebsh, me pak gj\u00ebra n\u00ebp\u00ebr karroca t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequra me dor\u00eb. Kufoma grash\u00eb dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebsh, t\u00eb shtrir\u00eb np\u00ebr rrug\u00eb.\u00a0Kufoma t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb grumbulluara n\u00ebp\u00ebr tok\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb lokal t\u00eb madh q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb palest\u00ebr shkolle.<\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0Irpin.\u00a0\u00cbsht\u00eb\u00a0Ir\u00fan, n\u00eb Vendet Baske. Trupat nacionaliste t\u00eb\u00a0Franco\u00a0qysh nga\u00a01936,\u00a0thuajse n\u00eb fillimet e Luft\u00ebs Civile n\u00eb Spanjl, e kishin sulmuar, goditur me top dhe m\u00eb pas pushtuar duke luftuar sht\u00ebpi p\u00ebr sht\u00ebpi.\u00a0I mund\u00ebsonte t\u00eb kontrollonin rrug\u00ebt drejt kufirit me Franc\u00ebn, pra t\u00eb pengonin furnizimet p\u00ebr Republik\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb rrethonin\u00a0Madridin.\u00a0Jan\u00eb pamje t\u00eb b\u00ebra nga dy operator\u00eb sovjetik\u00eb,\u00a0Roman Karm\u00e9n\u00a0dhe Boris Makaseiev,\u00a0t\u00eb ardhur nga Moska bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb d\u00ebrguarin e \u201cPravda\u201d,\u00a0Mikhail Kolcov.\u00a0N\u00eb kthim,\u00a0Kolcov u\u00a0pushkatua nga\u00a0Stalini,\u00a0t\u00eb dy operator\u00ebt e zot nuk dihet se \u00e7far\u00eb fundi kan\u00eb pasur. Pjes\u00ebt shfaqen n\u00eb nj\u00eb metrazh t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar nga\u00a0Luis Bu\u00f1uel.\u00a0Titullohet\u00a0Espa\u00f1a 1936<\/em>. U\u00a0shp\u00ebrnda me titra dhe komente n\u00eb shum\u00eb gjuh\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb film i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, bile\u00a0propagande.\u00a0Regjisori tashm\u00eb i famsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb nuk i fshihte simpatit\u00eb republikane, ishte thirrur n\u00eb nj\u00eb takim n\u00eb Gjenev\u00eb me ministrin e Jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs\u00a0\u00c1lvarez del Vayo.\u00a0Kishte marr\u00eb detyr\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb Paris, ku do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb drejtonte n\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrjen e ambasadorit t\u00eb\u00a0Madridit, Luis Araquistan,\u00a0nj\u00eb seksion kinematografik me objektivin q\u00eb ta b\u00ebnte Europ\u00ebn t\u00eb interesuar pas kauz\u00ebs republikane. Detyra specifike ishte t\u00eb luftohej \u201cneutraliteti\u201d i deklaruar i\u00a0Europ\u00ebs demokratike n\u00eb konfliktin n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb dhe sidomos embargoja ndaj armatimeve dhe municioneve p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt nd\u00ebrluftuese.<\/p>\n

\u201cPakti\u00a0i\u00a0mosnd\u00ebrhyrjes\u201d\u00a0ishte vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb mbledhje n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, ku kishin marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe, t\u00eb Belgjik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb\u00a0Franc\u00ebs. P\u00ebr Franc\u00ebn kishte nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb kryeministri\u00a0L\u00e9on Blum.\u00a0Bashk\u00ebbiseduesi i tij ishte ministri i Jasht\u00ebm britanik\u00a0Anthony Eden. Blum, socialist,\u00a0n\u00eb krye t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb\u00a0Front\u00a0Populaire, nuk mund t\u00eb mos e simpatizonte nj\u00eb qeveri t\u00eb majt\u00eb, me n\u00eb krye nj\u00eb socialist, n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb. Ministri i tij i Mbrojtjes\u00a0Pierre Cot\u00a0kishte njoftuar tashm\u00eb se Franca kishte nd\u00ebrmend ta nderonte kontrat\u00ebn,\u00a0e firmosur shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpara revolt\u00ebs s\u00eb gjeneral\u00ebve, p\u00ebr furnizimin e Spanj\u00ebs me 6 avion\u00eb\u00a0(p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim\u00a0civil),\u00a0dhe m\u00eb pas eventualisht t\u00eb ka\u00e7abombarduesve.\u00a0Por\u00a0Blum\u00a0ju desh q\u00eb t\u2019i dor\u00ebzphet presioneve britanike, ta hedh\u00eb posht\u00eb\u00a0Cot\u00a0dhe\u00a0t\u2019i anulloj\u00eb \u00e7do shitje arm\u00ebsh Spanj\u00ebs.\u00a0Nuk dihet sesi do t\u00eb kishin ecur gj\u00ebrat po ta kishin ndihmuar Spanj\u00ebn.\u00a0Sigurisht duke u paraqitur me rregull p\u00ebrpara Hitlerit dhe\u00a0Mussolini,\u00a0Per\u00ebndimi luft\u00ebn e kishte k\u00ebrkuar. Historian\u00ebt divergjojn\u00eb sesi do t\u00eb kishte shkuar.\u00a0Eden i\u00a0kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb me dije se rrezikohej nj\u00eb luft\u00eb bot\u00ebrore dhe se shpenzimet do t\u2019i mbante paras\u00ebgjithash\u00a0Franca.\u00a0I\u00a0tha se inteligjenca britanike kishte zbuluar tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrime dhe l\u00ebvizje trupash gjermane n\u00eb\u00a0Renani. Sipas versionit tjet\u00ebr, m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa ndaj presioneve britanike,\u00a0Blum\u00a0do t\u00eb bindej nga presionet e brendshme.<\/p>\n

Mendonte se d\u00ebrgimi i arm\u00ebve Spanj\u00ebs nuk do t\u00eb kalonte n\u00eb Senat, ku qeveria e tij e koalicionit e socialist\u00ebve, radikal\u00ebve, dhe komunist\u00ebve kishte nj\u00eb mazhoranc\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl.\u00a0Ka mund\u00ebsi i frik\u00ebsohej q\u00eb me mas\u00ebn t\u00eb binte edhe qeveria e Frontit Popullor, e cila gjith\u00ebsesi ra pak muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb. Luis Jim\u00e9nez\u00a0de As\u00faa,\u00a0p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i Spanj\u00ebs pran\u00eb Lidhjes s\u00eb Kombeve, ka treguar \u2013 shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, m\u00eb\u00a01965 \u2013\u00a0se Blum\u00a0e kishte thirrur n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tij, duke e pritur n\u00eb\u00a0robe de chambre<\/em>,\u00a0p\u00ebr\u00a0t\u2019i shpjeguar, \u201cme lot n\u00eb sy\u201d,\u00a0se pse nuk mund ta furnizonte me arm\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e sulmuar nga gjeneral\u00ebt pu\u00e7ist\u00eb t\u00eb saj. \u201cM\u00eb tha se\u00a0[kryeministri konservator britanik<\/em>]\u00a0Baldwin i\u00a0ishte drejtuar, duke i kaluar sip\u00ebr kok\u00ebs, direkt presidentit t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs\u00a0[franceze<\/em>] Lebrun, p\u00ebr\u00a0t\u2019i komunikuar qart\u00eb e shkoqur se n\u00eb rast lufte [t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs<\/em>]\u00a0kund\u00ebr Gjermanis\u00eb apo Italis\u00eb, Britania e Madhe do t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte\u00a0neutrale\u201d. Spas d\u00ebshmive t\u00eb tjera, Londra deri do t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnonte, n\u00eb rast nd\u00ebrhyrjeje direkte t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs apo edhe t\u00eb shitjes s\u00eb arm\u00ebve qeveris\u00eb republikane legjitimisht e zgjedhur, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur, furnizuar me arm\u00eb apo deri p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb n\u00eb krah t\u00eb Franco dhe t\u00eb gjeneral\u00ebve rebel\u00eb. Pak mungoi q\u00eb t\u00eb thonin se nuk duhej posht\u00ebruar Hitleri, q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb qeveri nga\u00a01933. \u201cMund t\u00eb zgjidhnit midis luft\u00ebs dhe \u00e7nderimit. Keni zgjedhur \u00e7nderimin dhe tani do t\u00eb keni edhe luft\u00ebn\u201d,\u00a0do t\u2019ua plaste\u00a0Churchill.<\/p>\n

Europa\u00a0ishte e fresk\u00ebt nga masakra sa \u00e7njer\u00ebzore, aq edhe e kot\u00eb e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe.\u00a0E ndjekur nga nj\u00eb masak\u00ebr tjet\u00ebr nga dora e virusit t\u00eb\u00a0\u201cSpanjolles\u201d.\u00a0Opinionet publike nuk e donin nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb re bot\u00ebrore. Kultura, edhe ajo e majt\u00eb, ishte\u00a0\u201cpacifiste\u201d.\u00a0E atyre viteve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lexim rinor.\u00a0La guerre de Troie\u00a0n\u2019aura pas lieu<\/em>,\u00a0i\u00a0Jean Giraudoux,\u00a0kishte dal\u00eb n\u00eb sken\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a0Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l\u2019Ath\u00e9n\u00e9e\u00a0m\u00eb\u00a01935. Ma kishte dhuruar nj\u00eb e fejuar at\u00ebhere shum\u00eb e \u201cmajt\u00eb\u201d.\u00a0Tregon sesi diplomacia do ta kishte shmangur at\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb famshme bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb grek\u00ebve t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb koalicion kund\u00ebr Troj\u00ebs dhe aleat\u00ebve t\u00eb saj. Nuk jam i sigurt\u00eb se m\u00eb ka bindur. Ndoshta sepse tashm\u00eb e dija se ai pacifiz\u00ebm i mrekulluesh\u00ebm\u00a0progresist,\u00a0pakrahasueshm\u00ebrisht m\u00eb i kulturuar dhe m\u00eb i rafinuar\u00a0\u00a0se \u201cas as\u201d i\u00a0dit\u00ebve tona, pasqyrohej n\u00eb nj\u00eb pacifiz\u00ebm t\u00eb djatht\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vrazhd\u00eb dhe m\u00eb hipokrit. \u201cPacifist\u00eb\u201d ultr\u00e0\u00a0si eksponenti i t\u00eb\u00a0\u201cdjatht\u00ebs\u00a0sociale\u201d Marcel D\u00e9at, autori i artikullit t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb titulluar\u00a0\u201cT\u00eb vdes\u00ebsh p\u00ebr Danzigun?\u201d,\u00a0apo populisti\u00a0Jacques\u00a0Doriot,\u00a0do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonin duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb luft\u00ebn, ama n\u00eb uniform\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0SS.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb\u00a0Europ\u00eb nuk kishte shum\u00eb simpati p\u00ebr Spanj\u00ebn e qeverisur nga e majta, as nga pjes\u00eb e s\u00eb majt\u00ebs. P\u00ebr ta th\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, nuk kishte shum\u00eb simpati p\u00ebr spanjoll\u00ebt.\u00a0Teprit\u00eb frik\u00ebsonin. Spanjoll\u00ebt qen\u00eb konsideruar nj\u00eb popull emigrant\u00ebsh, t\u00eb varf\u00ebr, sherrxhinj, t\u00eb prapambetur, paksa barbar\u00eb.\u00a0Ende n\u00eb fundin e \u2018800 proletar\u00ebt francez\u00eb sulmonin dhe lin\u00e7onin n\u00eb Provans\u00eb emigrant\u00ebt pun\u00ebtor\u00eb italian\u00eb, duke i akuzuar se u merrnin pun\u00ebt.\u00a0Nuk shkonte m\u00eb mir\u00eb me spanjoll\u00ebt apo me portugez\u00ebt, t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb\u00a0concierge<\/em>,\u00a0kamarier\u00ebt, grat\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimit apo piktor\u00ebt q\u00eb po vdisnin nga uria. P\u00ebr\u00a0t\u00eb mos folur p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb, tep\u00ebr t\u00eb varf\u00ebr apo ndryshe, tradicionalisht n\u00eb arrati nga pogromet e Lindjes dhe, zyrtarisht nga ngjitja n\u00eb pushtet e Hitlerit e k\u00ebtej,\u00a0edhe nga Gjermania apo tep\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur apo t\u00eb aft\u00eb n\u00eb financ\u00eb. Konservator\u00ebve anglez\u00eb nuk u shkonin p\u00ebr shtat as republikan\u00ebt q\u00eb kishin p\u00ebrz\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb mbret, as t\u00eb \u201ckuqt\u00eb\u201d\u00a0q\u00eb shpron\u00ebsonin pronar\u00ebt e tokave, rivendikime autonomiste tip i atyre t\u00eb bask\u00ebve dhe katalanasve, q\u00eb i kujtonin at\u00eb t\u00eb irlandez\u00ebve n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tyre. Aq m\u00eb pak i vinte p\u00ebr shtat prishja e ekuilibrave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb:\u00a0k\u00ebrc\u00ebnonte biznesin. Fronti Popullor nuk ngjallte sipmati as tek laburist\u00ebt.\u00a0Ja, sa p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb ide sesi lideri i\u00a0Labour Party, Hugh\u00a0Dalton (i nj\u00ebjti q\u00eb m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb shkelmonte nga qeveria, bashk\u00eb me\u00a0Atlee,\u00a0konservatorin shum\u00eb popullor\u00a0Winston Churchill),\u00a0i p\u00ebrgjigjej n\u00eb\u00a01937\u00a0kujt e ftonte q\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cb\u00ebnte m\u00eb shum\u00eb\u201d p\u00ebr\u00a0Spanj\u00ebn: \u201cDo t\u00eb donit q\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cforcoja dor\u00ebn e qeveris\u00eb\u201d mbi Spanj\u00ebn, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb? P\u00ebr\u00a0t\u2019i shitur arm\u00eb qeveris\u00eb spanjolle?\u00a0Por t\u00eb gjitha arm\u00ebt q\u00eb prodhojm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment jan\u00eb t\u00eb prenotuara tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr Programin e Riarmatimit Britanik.<\/p>\n

Sikur edhe t\u2019i hiqej embargoja\u00a0[ndaj shitjes s\u00eb arm\u00ebve Spanj\u00ebs<\/em>] nuk do t\u00eb ishim n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb furnizonim as edhe nj\u00eb pushk\u00eb p\u00ebr Spanj\u00ebn.\u00a0Do t\u00eb ishit midis atyre q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb \u201cArm\u00eb p\u00ebr Spanj\u00ebn\u201d, por jo t\u00eb \u201cArm\u00ebve p\u00ebr Britanin\u00eb e Madhe\u201d,\u00a0pavar\u00ebsisht riarmatimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar t\u00eb fashist\u00ebve?\u00a0Do t\u00eb donit q\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgonim usjtrin\u00eb dhe marin\u00ebn britanike n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar \u201cvullnetar\u00ebt\u201d fashist\u00eb?\u00a0Kjo po q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte v\u00ebrtet nd\u00ebrhyrje, ama mendoni se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetej nga opinioni publik anglez?\u00a0Ndoshta do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb Marin\u00ebn britanike p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar brigjet e Spanj\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta respektuar edhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt mosnd\u00ebrhyrjen? [\u2026]\u00a0Ekziston nj\u00eb rrezik n\u00eb rritje \u201cincidentesh\u201d q\u00eb mund ta na kthejn\u00eb prapa n\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsuar \u00eb Europ\u00eb\u201d. Nuk ju fishk\u00ebllejn\u00eb vesh\u00ebt?\u00a0T\u00eb gjith\u00eb e dinin miri se \u201cmosnd\u00ebrhyrja\u201d\u00a0dhe embargoja e arm\u00ebve funksiononin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb sens unik. Vlente vet\u00ebm n\u00eb dizavantazh t\u00eb republik\u00ebs. Qysh pas dit\u00eb pas\u00a0pronunciamiento\u00a0<\/em>se gjeneral\u00ebve jobesnik\u00eb ndaj Republik\u00ebs q\u00eb qen\u00eb betuar ta mbronin,\u00a0Gjermania\u00a0dhe Italia\u00a0kishin siguruar nj\u00eb ur\u00eb ajrore p\u00ebr t\u00eb transportuar trupat rebele, repartet elitare t\u00eb Mor\u00ebve e t\u00eb Legjionar\u00ebve dhe pajimin e tyre nga Maroku n\u00eb Gadishull.\u00a0N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet detit nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb spostoheshin pasi\u00a0Marina\u00a0ishte rebeluar dhe i kishte shpallur mb\u00ebshtetje Republik\u00ebs. Pastaj do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhynte direkt p\u00ebr t\u2019u dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb dor\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb rebel\u00ebve t\u00eb Legjionit\u00a0Condor.\u00a0\u00c7udit\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkat\u00ebrrimin e\u00a0Guernica nuk ekzistojn\u00eb imazhe, vet\u00ebm piktura e madhe e\u00a0Picasso. Frankist\u00ebt theksuan se ata q\u00eb e bombarduan kishin qen\u00eb republikan\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Edhe kjo e rid\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn. Mussolini\u00a0kishte d\u00ebrguar menj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb flot\u00eb drejt Baleareve dhe kryq\u00ebzorin \u201cEugenio di Savoia\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar bllokimin e\u00a0Tangeri. Hitleri kishte d\u00ebrguar kryq\u00ebzorin \u201cK\u00f6nigsberg\u201d,\u00a0me 9 topat e tij t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm prej\u00a0155 milimetrash\u00a0SK C\/25,\u00a0t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb 3 kulla. Sh\u00ebrbenin p\u00ebr t\u00eb penguar q\u00eb asgj\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb dilte apo t\u00eb hynte n\u00eb portet spanjolle, vet\u00ebm n\u00eb mos e eksportuar nga nacionalist\u00ebt apo e importuar p\u00ebr t\u2019i armatosur. Republikan\u00ebt ju duhej t\u2019i drejtoheshin kontraband\u00ebs. N\u00eb Paris, \u201cp\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesi misterioz i Internacionales Komuniste\u201d, Eugene\u00a0Fried,\u00a0kishte krijuar Shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb\u00a0France-Navigation,\u00a0duke ia besuar drejtimin italianit\u00a0Giulio Cerreti.\u00a0Tek\u00a0Spiun\u00eb dhe Halla\u00a0<\/em>imagjinoj se\u00a0Fried\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb xhaxhai im\u00a0Bernard\u00a0dhe mund edhe t\u00eb ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb, aq t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtjell\u00eb n\u00eb mister jan\u00eb njeri dhe tjetri, t\u00eb dy agjent\u00eb tejet profesionist\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0Stalinit n\u00eb\u00a0Parisin e fillimviteve \u201830. Moska\u00a0d\u00ebrgonte direkt nga\u00a0Odesa\u00a0avion\u00eb, tanke, specialist\u00eb, gazetar\u00eb, kinooperator\u00eb dhe drejtues politik\u00eb. Natyrisht, jo falas. Me pages\u00eb t\u00eb ardhshme, t\u00eb garantuar nga ari i Bank\u00ebs s\u00eb Spanj\u00ebs, i imbarkuar, thuhet, n\u00eb\u00a010000\u00a0arka prej druri, gjithmon\u00eb drejt\u00a0Odes\u00ebs, p\u00ebr\u00a0ta\u00a0\u201cshp\u00ebtuar\u201d\u00a0nga synimet e fashist\u00ebve p\u00ebrpara se nacionalist\u00ebt t\u00eb vinin duart e tyre mbi t\u00eb. Po Amerika? M\u00eb keq se t\u00eb shkoje nat\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Opinionit publik amerikan nuk kishte aspak interes p\u00ebr Spanj\u00ebn. N\u00eb\u00a01937,\u00a0kur lufta zgjaste tashm\u00eb prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 viti dhe lexuesve t\u00eb gazetave mund t\u00eb lexonin korrespondencat e ajk\u00ebs s\u00eb gazetar\u00ebve,\u00a0Ernest Hemingway\u00a0dhe Martha\u00a0Gellhorn, p\u00ebr\u00a0t\u00eb cituar vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb dyshem dhe shikuar foto e b\u00ebra nga\u00a0Robert Capa, Gerda\u00a0Taro\u00a0dhe David Seymour p\u00ebr Magnum, nj\u00eb sondazh\u00a0Gallup\u00a0tregonte se argumenti ishte n\u00eb vendin e 10 t\u00eb interesit p\u00ebr publikun mashkullor amerikan, menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas martes\u00ebs s\u00eb Eduardit t\u00eb\u00a0Windsor\u00a0me\u00a0amerikanen e divorcuar, si edhe admiruese e Hitlerit.\u00a02 amerikan\u00eb n\u00eb 3 nuk kishin as dijeni p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e konfliktit. N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, 2 anglez\u00eb n\u00eb 3 nj\u00eb opinion p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e Spanj\u00ebs e pat\u00ebn krijuar, por nuk ishte n\u00eb kuptimin se demokracia duhej mbrojtur. P\u00ebr pjes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb\u00a0Europ\u00ebs konflikti ishte nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje lokale, q\u00eb ta zgjidhnin spanjoll\u00ebt pa infektuar t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. P\u00ebr\u00a0nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs, t\u00eb djatht\u00ebn, sidomos t\u00eb djatht\u00ebn katolike, ishte nj\u00eb luft\u00eb midis t\u00eb Mir\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb Keqes dhe kjo e fundit,\u00a0\u00e7a va sans dire<\/em>,\u00a0ishte e majta ateiste. Jo vet\u00ebm u mobilizuan n\u00eb nj\u00eb komitet p\u00ebr ta ruajtur embargon e arm\u00ebn ndaj d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb arm\u00ebve n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb\u00a0(natyrisht, p\u00ebr Republik\u00ebn, arm\u00ebt t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve nuk llogariteshin),\u00a0por edhe kund\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb miellit. Arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb pik\u00ebn q\u00eb mobilizoheshin kund\u00ebr mikpritjes s\u00eb disa qindra f\u00ebmij\u00ebve spanjoll\u00eb, e organizuar nga Kryqi i Kuq.\u00a0Motivacioni: qen\u00eb jetim\u00eb luft\u00ebtar\u00ebsh republikan, pra potencialisht ateist\u00eb, revolucionar\u00eb t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur lufta e par\u00eb elektronike, e luftuar n\u00eb val\u00ebt e radios akoma m\u00eb par\u00eb se n\u00eb fushat e betej\u00ebs,\u00a0fitonte m\u00eb par\u00eb akoma se kush kishte topat, kush kishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb transmetues dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb ri\u00e7evitor\u00eb.\u00a0Nga\u00a0Detroiti At\u00a0Charles E. Coughlin \u2013\u00a0i quajtur nga disa shenjtor, nga t\u00eb tjet\u00ebr protofashist\u00a0\u2013\u00a0sok\u00ebllinte kund\u00ebr gabimeve t\u00eb ateist\u00ebve n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb.\u00a0Predikimet e tij arrinin n\u00eb\u00a08 milion aparatura radio, mbi\u00a015 milion\u00a0d\u00ebgjues, por \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb q\u00eb radio pati nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi strategjike t\u00eb krahasueshme me at\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb kan\u00eb imazhet e shp\u00ebrndara n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet\u00a0internetit,\u00a0fal\u00eb edhe platform\u00ebs s\u00eb pasulmueshme ueb satelitare t\u00eb furnizuar nga\u00a0Elon Musk.\u00a0N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet radios, qindra stacionet e partive, e sindikatave, e anarkist\u00ebve, e gjeneral\u00ebve rebel\u00eb p\u00ebrhapnin\u00a0informacione nga fronti, propagand\u00eb dhe\u00a0fake news<\/em>.\u00a0Aparaturat m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme i kishin gjerman\u00ebt. Bashkoheshin n\u00eb val\u00eb mij\u00ebra radioamator\u00eb.\u00a0Disave keq u ndodhi:\u00a0ar\u00ebsyeja, shum\u00eb e pamundur, e adoptuar nga nacionalist\u00ebt p\u00ebr pushkatimin e poetit\u00a0Garc\u00eda Lorca\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb se kishte komunikuar me radio me republikan\u00ebt.\u00a0Me radio kuptohej ajo q\u00eb ndodhte n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Simpatit\u00eb shkonin p\u00ebr nacionalist\u00ebt m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa republikan\u00ebt. I\u00a0quanin k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr komoditet dhe prej zakonit. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e pasakt\u00eb. N\u00eb realitet\u00a0\u201clealist\u00ebt\u201d republikan\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb \u201cnacionalist\u00eb\u201d\u00a0se nacionalist\u00ebt. Komunist\u00ebt qen\u00eb n\u00eb radh\u00ebn e par\u00eb\u00a0t\u00eb paraqitjes s\u00eb luft\u00ebs si luft\u00eb popullore n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb Spanj\u00ebs, si\u00a0\u201cluft\u00eb patriotike\u201d\u00a0par excellance.\u00a0Pak vite m\u00eb von\u00eb Stalini do ta merrte kall\u00ebp nga spanjoll\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr pushtuesve nazist\u00eb. N\u00eb\u00a01936 Manuel\u00a0Aza\u00f1a D\u00edaz, president\u00a0i Republik\u00ebs gjat\u00eb kriz\u00ebs, e kishte asociiuar menj\u00ebher\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebn ndaj gjeneral\u00ebve pu\u00e7ist\u00eb ndaj rebelimit\u00a0\u00a0t\u00eb popullit t\u00eb\u00a01808\u00a0kund\u00ebr pushtuesve napoleonian\u00eb.\u00a0\u201cNj\u00eb vend i pavarur dhe i lir\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb Republika. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb Spanja d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb jet\u00eb\u201d.\u00a0Sigurisht, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e an\u00ebs republikane thoshte se nj\u00eb dit\u00eb po e nj\u00eb dit\u00eb jo se nuk donte aspak ta mbronte dmeokracin\u00eb\u00a0\u201cborgjeze\u201d,\u00a0por se donte t\u00eb \u201cb\u00ebnte revolucionin\u201d.\u00a0Disa deklaronin se donin ta b\u00ebnin si n\u00eb\u00a0Rusi.\u00a0T\u00eb tjer\u00eb, anarkist\u00ebt, trockist\u00ebt, se donin ta b\u00ebnin m\u00eb mir\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb keq se n\u00eb Rusi, ku Stalini do t’u dor\u00ebzohej burokrat\u00ebve.\u00a0\u201c[Ai i Frontit Popullor<\/em>]\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb program qend\u00ebr konservator m\u00eb shum\u00eb se qend\u00ebr reformist\u00eb;\u00a0kapu pas k\u00ebtij programo dhe revolucioni do t\u00eb katandiset n\u00eb pafuqishm\u00ebri\u00a0[\u2026]\u201d\u00a0ankohej nj\u00eb editorial i \u201cEl Liberal\u201d,\u00a0gazet\u00eb e af\u00ebrt me\u00a0Izquierda Republicana,\u00a0dometh\u00ebn\u00eb liberal \u2013 radikale, as e majt\u00eb e majt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

I habitsh\u00ebm ky fakt i testatave:\u00a0gazeta e s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs ekstreme quhej n\u00eb fakt \u201cLa Verdad\u201d,\u00a0sakt\u00ebsisht si \u201cPravda\u201d, organ\u00a0i PKBS. P\u00ebr hir t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs nuk ishte s\u00eb homologia pu\u00e7iste ishte m\u00eb e pak\u00ebt n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e p\u00ebr\u00e7mimit t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb. \u201cNe nuk besojm\u00eb n\u00eb qeverit\u00eb q\u00eb dalin nga kutit\u00eb e votimit. Kombi spanjoll nuk do t\u00eb mundet kurr\u00eb t\u00eb shprehet lirisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet vot\u00ebs\u2026\u201d,\u00a0kishte deklaruar\u00a0Francisco Franco n\u00eb deklarat\u00ebn e par\u00eb pas rebelimit.\u00a0Jo sakt\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb kart\u00ebvizit\u00eb qet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr ndjeshm\u00ebrit\u00eb demokratike t\u00eb fqinjve\u00a0europian\u00eb.\u00a0Dukej se do t\u00eb zgjaste pak, t\u00eb zgjidhej me ngut p\u00ebr nj\u00ebr\u00ebn pal\u00eb apo p\u00ebr tjetr\u00ebn dhe n\u00eb fakt tmerri zgjati 2 vjet e gjys\u00ebm, qe i till\u00eb q\u00eb ende sot \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi\u00a0pacto de olvido<\/em>\u00a0i heshtur, pakti p\u00ebr t\u00eb harruar, i n\u00ebnshkruar nga t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebt politike p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb tranzicion pa trauma p\u00ebr demokracin\u00eb pas vdekjes s\u00eb\u00a0Caudillo\u00a0Franco.\u00a0N\u00eb planin ushtarak, u alternuan p\u00ebr 2 vjet e gjys\u00ebm ofensiva, kund\u00ebrofensiva, avancime, t\u00ebrheqje, rrethime, sulme.\u00a0Nj\u00eb moment q\u00eb dukej se po fitonin rebel\u00ebt, momentin tjet\u00ebr se po mbizot\u00ebronin forcat e\u00a0Republik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb vullnetar\u00ebve t\u00eb ardhur nga e gjith\u00eb bota p\u00ebr t\u2019u dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb dor\u00eb.\u00a0Qytete dhe fshatra shum\u00eb her\u00eb kalonin dor\u00eb dhe \u00e7do her\u00eb fituesit e momentit pushkatonin dhe masakronin ata q\u00eb kishin l\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb her\u00ebn e par\u00eb.\u00a0\u201cNo pasaran\u201d, thoshin mbrojt\u00ebsit e Madridit. Dihet:\u00a0Alfin pasaron<\/em>.<\/p>\n

(nga\u00a0Il Foglio<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb par\u00eb Luft\u00ebs Civile kishte qen\u00eb\u00a0epidemia.\u00a0Dilema:\u00a0t\u2019u d\u00ebrgonin apo jo arm\u00eb republikan\u00ebve t\u00eb sulmuar nga falangat e\u00a0Franco?\u00a0Edhe at\u00ebhere diplomaci e pafuqishme, propagand\u00eb dhe\u00a0fake news. N\u00eb zgjedhjet politike Fronti Popullor ishte mrekulluar. N\u00eb surpriz\u00eb, kund\u00ebr \u00e7do pritshm\u00ebrie, pavar\u00ebsisht t\u00eb gjitha sondazheve. Nj\u00eb \u00e7ik\u00eb si\u00a0Zelensky\u00a0q\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a02019\u00a0kishte par\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhej president me balotazh me 73% t\u00eb votave. E majta …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":36478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36477"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36477\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}