{"id":36172,"date":"2023-02-03T11:08:45","date_gmt":"2023-02-03T11:08:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=36172"},"modified":"2023-02-03T11:08:45","modified_gmt":"2023-02-03T11:08:45","slug":"rruget-e-gazit-ne-detin-adriatik-dhe-kriza-energjitike-ne-zhvillim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/02\/03\/rruget-e-gazit-ne-detin-adriatik-dhe-kriza-energjitike-ne-zhvillim\/","title":{"rendered":"Rrug\u00ebt e gazit n\u00eb Detin Adriatik dhe kriza energjitike n\u00eb zhvillim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>6 vendet bregdetare t\u00eb Detit Adriatik \u2013 Mali i Zi, Shqip\u00ebria, Sllovenia, Italia, Kroacia dhe Bosnje dhe Hercegovina \u2013 i kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme pasojat e kriz\u00ebs energjitike, q\u00eb buron nga pasojat e pushtimit t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs dhe nga \u00e7ekuilibrimet e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb detyruara nga pandemia. Gazi natyror \u00ebsht\u00eb resursi nervralgjik n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mali i Zi \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi q\u00eb ka vuajtur m\u00eb pak, pasi tregu i referimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i zhvilluar n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar: edhe mikstura energjitike shqiptare ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, duke qen\u00eb se varet n\u00eb pjes\u00eb minimale nga ky resurs. Megjith\u00ebse duke u bazuar vet\u00ebm me 10% t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb mbi gazin, Sllovenia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej vendeve t\u00eb zon\u00ebs q\u00eb ka pasur probleme, duke qen\u00eb se gjysma e disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb tij vjen nga Rusia. Italia dhe Kroacia (vende an\u00ebtare t\u00eb Bashkimit Europian, si Sllovenia, n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me vendet e tjera t\u00eb rajonit) kan\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb treg gazi shum\u00eb t\u00eb strukturuar. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb vitit 2021, mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrehet sesi ky resurs, q\u00eb prodhon nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, 43% p\u00ebr t\u00eb parin dhe 30% p\u00ebr t\u00eb dytin, respektivisht 38% dhe 16% e v\u00ebllimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb e importuar nga Rusia. Bosnja dhe Hercegovina (q\u00eb e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e aderimit n\u00eb Bashkimin Europian) e importon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gazin natyror t\u00eb sajin nga Moska, por kjo shkon n\u00eb thuajse 8% t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb vend. T\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm nga kjo var\u00ebsi komplesive e lart\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb prej disa vitesh q\u00eb tregjet e ve\u00e7anta komb\u00ebtare, fal\u00eb edhe mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb Bashkimit Europian, po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb si t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb reja furnizimi energjitik, ashtu edhe t\u2019i diversifikojn\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur furnizuesit e energjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur, gazi natyror mund t\u00eb treg\u00ebtohet n\u00eb gjendje gazi n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet gazsjell\u00ebsit apo n\u00ebse i n\u00ebnshtrohet procesit t\u00eb l\u00ebng\u00ebzimit, q\u00eb mund\u00ebson t\u2019i zvog\u00eblohet v\u00ebllimi i resursit deri n\u00eb 600 her\u00eb, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet anijes. P\u00ebr treg\u00ebtimin e GNL \u2013 Gazit Natyror t\u00eb L\u00ebng\u00ebzuar \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb territorin e vendit eksportues impiante t\u00eb specializuara n\u00eb procesin e l\u00ebng\u00ebzimit dhe n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e mb\u00ebrritjes infrastruktura t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr rigazifikimin. Kjo i detyrohet faktit q\u00eb me t\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb vendin e destinacionit, gazi natyral duhet t\u00eb kthehet n\u00eb gjendje gazi, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb futet n\u00eb gazsjell\u00ebsa p\u00ebr t\u2019u konvertuar kudo n\u00eb energji apo t\u00eb drejtohet n\u00eb vende t\u00eb treta. \u00cbsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj nevoje q\u00eb jan\u00eb zhvilluar punimet e nevojshme p\u00ebr divcersifikimin e rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb furnizimit dhe t\u00eb furnizuesve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb. N\u00eb nivel gazjell\u00ebsish, n\u00eb fundin e 2020 \u00ebsht\u00eb inauguruar nj\u00eb prej rrug\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb nivel europian, <em>Trans \u2013 Adriatic Pipeline<\/em> (TAP). \u00cbsht\u00eb pjesa e fundit e \u201cKorridorit Jugor t\u00eb Gazit\u201d, q\u00eb e transporton resursin natyral q\u00eb vjen nga Deti Kaspik n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Turqis\u00eb, Greqis\u00eb, Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, deri n\u00eb Itali.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb sintoni me k\u00ebt\u00eb projekt, \u00ebsht\u00eb promovuar nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb gazsjell\u00ebsi t\u00eb ri rajonal, <em>Ionian Adriatic Pipeline <\/em>(IAP), q\u00eb nga viti 2025 do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb t\u00eb lidh\u00eb TAP, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs dhe Malit t\u00eb Zi, me rrjetin e shp\u00ebrndarjes kroat. Kjo do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillohet nj\u00eb arterie gazi q\u00eb niset nga Azerbajxhani, kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr Turqi dhe m\u00eb pas ndahet m\u00eb dysh n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ku nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb me <em>Trans Adriatic Pipeline<\/em> arrin n\u00eb territorin iralian dhe nga ana tjet\u00ebr n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet IAP arrin n\u00eb Kroaci. Kurse Bosnje dhe Hercegovina i ka nisur punimet p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e 3 gazsjell\u00ebsve, q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb si rrjetin e gazit komb\u00ebtar, ashtu edhe interkonjeksionet rajonale, fal\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb re me Kroacin\u00eb: projekti i fundit do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb m\u00eb 2027. P\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me infrastrukturat GNL, midis vendeve n\u00eb fjal\u00eb Italia ka qen\u00eb e \u00e7ara q\u00eb ka l\u00ebvizur duke u pajisur me 3 pika rigazifikimi, nga t\u00eb cilat vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb e zhvilluar brenda Detit Adriatik: ishulli artificial <em>offshore<\/em> \u2013 n\u00eb det \u2013 af\u00ebr me Rovigo. Edhe Kroacia \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim dhe vitin e kaluar \u00ebsht\u00eb inauguruar n\u00eb ishullin Krk impianti i par\u00eb i specializuar p\u00ebr gazin natyral t\u00eb l\u00ebngsh\u00ebm: nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb akoma m\u00eb shum\u00eb vler\u00eb strategjike me inaugurimin e IAP. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe Mal t\u00eb Zi, si\u00e7 e cek\u00ebm tashm\u00eb, tregu i gazit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb apo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht minimale i zhvilluar. Megjithat\u00eb, k\u00ebto dy vende do t\u00eb donin ta fusnin resursin midis burimeve t\u00eb prodhimit, pasi ashtu si tjet\u00ebrkund ajo shikohjet si nj\u00eb \u201cburimn tranzicioni\u201d i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr arritjen e neutralitetit klimaterik.<\/p>\n<p>E dh\u00ebna q\u00eb sistematikisht del n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e politikave energjitike \u00ebsht\u00eb faktikiosht se krahasuar me l\u00ebnd\u00ebt e thjera djeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile, gazi natyror prodhon m\u00eb pak emetime dioksidi karboni dhe nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb paraqet nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb sigurie energjitike krahasuar me t\u00eb rinovueshmet fal\u00eb disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb konstante dhe modulabile t\u00eb tij krahasuar me k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn \u2013 p\u00ebrball\u00eb karakterit intermitent t\u00eb burimeve aktuale t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebra. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonin adriatik, p\u00ebrpjekjet e nd\u00ebrmarra p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar rrug\u00eb dhe furnizues t\u00eb rinj jan\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb vijim t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb dhe kriz\u00ebs energjitike pasuese, q\u00eb e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb pashtyshme nevoj\u00ebn e mos varjes m\u00eb nga gazi rus. Mb\u00ebshtetja financiare vjen n\u00eb muajin maj me <em>RePowerEU<\/em>, planin e paraqitur nga Bashkimi Europian q\u00eb synon t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb si vendet an\u00ebtare, ashtu edhe vendet \u2013 partnere m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt, si ato t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar nha l\u00ebnd\u00ebt dsjeg\u00ebse me baz\u00eb fosile ruse. Pra n\u00eb linj\u00eb me strategjin\u00eb europiane, shtetet e ve\u00e7anta kan\u00eb l\u00ebvizur n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb si p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar furnizues t\u00eb rinj, si Egjipti dhe Izraeli, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur nd\u00ebrshk\u00ebmbimet treg\u00ebtare me partner\u00ebt e \u201cvjet\u00ebr\u201d: Shtetet e Bashkuara, Azerbajxhan, Katar.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb tej \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb kuptohet se cilat rrug\u00eb furnizimi energjitik jan\u00eb m\u00eb ekonomike dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetshme, duke mbajtur mir\u00eb parasysh se nj\u00eb zhvillim sinergjik i infrastrukturave t\u00eb gazit \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhja m\u00eb e praktikueshme. Ar\u00ebsye p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn n\u00eb muajt e fundit qeverit\u00eb e vendeve bregdetare kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb miratojn\u00eb nisjen e nj\u00eb serie projektesh specifike si p\u00ebr zgjerimin e infrastrukturave tashm\u00eb ekzistuese, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e element\u00ebve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm nga pik\u00ebpamja strategjike. Qeveria italiane po procedon me zgjerimin e impantit GNL t\u00eb Rovigo, popr edhe me instalimin e dy infrastrukturave t\u00eb reja t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatura me rigazifikimin e gazit natyral t\u00eb l\u00ebng\u00ebzuar, t\u00eb cilin nj\u00eb n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Ravenna, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb funksionim qysh n\u00eb 2024. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb po l\u00ebviz edhe Kroacia, q\u00eb ka n\u00eb program zgjerimin e imnpiantit GNL t\u00eb Krk, p\u00ebr t\u2019ia rritur kapacitetin nga 2.6 n\u00eb 6.1 miliard metra kub.<\/p>\n<p>Edhe Sllovenia do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte nga k\u00ebto punime, duke qen\u00eb tejet e nd\u00ebrlidhur n\u00eb nive\u00eb infrastrukture gazi me Kroacin\u00eb: zgjerimi i Krk mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00eb deri 1\/3 e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme p\u00ebr gaz. P\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarra nga Sllovenia, t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr ta zvog\u00ebluar var\u00ebsin\u00eb nga gazi rus, e kan\u00eb shtyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i jap\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe strategjike ndaj nd\u00ebrlidhjeve me Italin\u00eb, si n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb GNL, ashtu edhe t\u00eb gazsjell\u00ebsve. Kjo duket nga marr\u00ebveshja e mesit t\u00eb n\u00ebntorit midis Geoplin dhe Sonatrach t\u00eb firmosur me Algjerin\u00eb, sipas t\u00eb cil\u00ebs nga 1 janari i vitit 2023, 300 milion metra kub gaz algjerian do t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet territorit italian duke p\u00ebrdorur ose <em>TransMed Pipeline<\/em>, ose infrastrukturat GNL, duke arritur k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb 1\/3 e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs sllovene. N\u00eb nivel europian, presidentja e Komisionit Europian Ursula von der Leyen \u00ebsht\u00eb dakord\u00ebsuar me qeverin\u00eb azerbajxhanase p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb forcoj\u00eb edhe furnizimin q\u00eb vjen nga Korridori Jugor i Gazit. Motiv p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb nisur nj\u00eb projekt p\u00ebr zgjerimin, deri n\u00eb rreth dyfishimin, e sasis\u00eb s\u00eb gazit t\u00eb transportuesh\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebtij gazsjell\u00ebsi, q\u00eb n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb inaugurimit t\u00eb <em>Ionian Adriatic Pipeline<\/em>, krijon nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb t\u00eb vlefshme ndaj infrastrukturave dhe resurseve ruse. Me t\u2019u v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb funksionim, <em>IAP<\/em> do t\u2019i mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb edhe Bosnje dhe Hercegovin\u00ebs dhe Malit t\u00eb Zi t\u00eb marrin nj\u00eb pozicion t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb tregun rajonal t\u00eb gazit, por sidomos t\u00eb varen m\u00eb pak nga Rusia. Ka edhe nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkueshme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim: kryerjen e aktivitetit k\u00ebrkimor dhe eksplorues t\u00eb resurseve t\u00eb gazit natyral brenda territoreve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n<p>E vet\u00ebdijshme \u00ebsht\u00eb Italia q\u00eb me ligjin e fundit t\u00eb bilancit, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet l\u00ebshimit t\u00eb 5 lejeve eksploruese, synon q\u00eb t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb 15 miliard metra kub t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm n\u00eb 10 vjet nga rezervat e saj t\u00eb gazit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim Kroacia ka l\u00ebvizur tashm\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh, duke p\u00ebrdorur rerzervat e saj: brenda vitit 2024 synon q\u00eb ta rris\u00eb me 20% sasin\u00eb e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb ardhur nga vendburimet e saj, si duke kufizuar eksportet, ashtu edhe duke e shfryt\u00ebzuar plot\u00ebsisht potencialin e puseve aktive. Qeveria kroate ka deklaruar se nuk ka nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb nis\u00eb projekte t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb lidhur me eksplorimin e gazit, ndoshta edhe n\u00eb drit\u00ebn e skandaleve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb korrupsionit t\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebs prej kompanive m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbmimeve publike n\u00eb Kroaci, kompanis\u00eb s\u00eb naft\u00ebs dhe gazit INA. N\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, nga iniciativat n\u00eb zhvillim, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn pjes\u00eblrisht t\u00eb koordinuara midis tyre, del se vendet e vogla t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb sidomos nga funksioni i tyre si pika tranziti n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekspansioni dhe racionalizimi t\u00eb rrjeteve gazifere europiane. Bashkimi Europian do t\u00eb furnizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb impuls vendimtar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, por edhe raportet bilaterale dhe rajonale do t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb konsiderueshme, me Italin\u00eb n\u00eb pozicionin e kapjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsie natyrale.<\/p>\n<p>(nga <em>Aspenia Institute<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>6 vendet bregdetare t\u00eb Detit Adriatik \u2013 Mali i Zi, Shqip\u00ebria, Sllovenia, Italia, Kroacia dhe Bosnje dhe Hercegovina \u2013 i kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme pasojat e kriz\u00ebs energjitike, q\u00eb buron nga pasojat e pushtimit t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs dhe nga \u00e7ekuilibrimet e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb detyruara nga pandemia. Gazi natyror \u00ebsht\u00eb resursi nervralgjik n\u00eb nj\u00eb &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":36173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36172"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36172"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36172\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}