{"id":34693,"date":"2023-01-20T11:49:25","date_gmt":"2023-01-20T11:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=34693"},"modified":"2023-01-20T11:49:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-20T11:49:25","slug":"lufta-e-klasave-e-1877-qe-shtetet-e-bashkuara-e-kane-zhdukur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2023\/01\/20\/lufta-e-klasave-e-1877-qe-shtetet-e-bashkuara-e-kane-zhdukur\/","title":{"rendered":"Lufta e klasave e 1877 q\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara e kan\u00eb zhdukur"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb ver\u00ebn e 1877, 1 milion pun\u00ebtor\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb grev\u00eb dhe u ndesh\u00ebm me policin\u00eb n\u00eb qytete t\u00eb ndryshme amerikane. Qe thuajse nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e dyt\u00eb civile, por k\u00ebsaj radhe t\u00eb kund\u00ebrv\u00ebna krahu i pun\u00ebs dhe kapitali. Megjithat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb harruar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Greva e par\u00eb komb\u00ebtare n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara ka pasur nj\u00eb origjin\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. M\u00eb 16 korrik 1877, 40 pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb hekurudhave jo p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn lajmit t\u00eb nj\u00eb shkurtimi t\u00eb rrogave duke nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb pun\u00ebn dhe duke ndaluar trafikun hekurudhor n\u00eb Martinsburg t\u00eb shtetit West Virginia. Kjo ngjarje e vetme gjeneroi nj\u00eb efekt domino, duke e p\u00ebrhapur revolt\u00ebn si zjarri n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb klas\u00ebn pun\u00ebtore amerikane. Brenda fundit t\u00eb muajit, 1 milion pun\u00ebtor\u00eb kishin pushuar s\u00eb punuari n\u00eb qytetet industriale t\u00eb 14 shteteve, nga New York City n\u00eb San Francisco. Duke i shkruar Friedrich Engels m\u00eb 24 korrik t\u00eb atij viti, Karl Marx e quajti \u00abkryengritjen e par\u00eb kund\u00ebr oligarkis\u00eb s\u00eb kapitalit q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar nga Lufta Civile\u00bb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund ta \u00e7onte n\u00eb \u00abnj\u00eb parti pun\u00ebtore serioze n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara\u00bb. Nuk qe rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb parashikimi i Marx nuk u vler\u00ebsua krejt\u00ebsisht. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb grevave, kapitali nisi nj\u00eb luft\u00eb klasore kund\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb demonstrim force t\u00eb dhunsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb organizuar q\u00eb nuk shikohej qysh nga Lufta Civile.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e dyt\u00eb civile?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vera e 1877 nuk qe nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00eb punonte n\u00eb hekurudhat nga m\u00ebngjesi deri n\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje. Ishte Epoka e Art\u00eb, nj\u00eb loj\u00eb sarkastike fjal\u00ebsh e krijuar nga Mark Twain p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar falimentimin moral t\u00eb elit\u00ebs politike dhe financiare q\u00eb po b\u00ebhej pafund\u00ebsisht e pasur mbi shpatullat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve fal\u00eb kapitalizmit t\u00eb parregulluar. E ashtuquajtura \u00e7\u00ebshtje e pun\u00ebs kishte z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar skllav\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb rolin e kriz\u00ebs morale dominuese t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs s\u00eb Rind\u00ebrtimit. Sindikatat qen\u00eb nj\u00eb forc\u00eb marxhinale n\u00eb qytetet e veriut n\u00eb industrializim t\u00eb plot\u00eb dhe pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt duhej t\u00eb duronin orare t\u00eb gjata dhe rroga urie, me shum\u00eb pak t\u00eb drejta pune. Krer\u00ebt e tyre, baron\u00eb brigant\u00eb, vazhdonin t\u2019i ulnin rrogat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve, qysh nga \u00abPaniku i vitit 1873\u00bb, depresioni m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00eb financiar n\u00eb historin\u00eb amerikane deri n\u00eb at\u00eb moment. \u00abNdoshta nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e hekurudhave [\u2026] durojn\u00eb nj\u00eb tirani nga ku krahasimi taksat britanike n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn koloniale nuk qen\u00eb asgj\u00eb dhe q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin nivel t\u00eb fishk\u00ebllim\u00ebs s\u00eb kamzhikut skllav\u00ebrues?\u00bb, botonte Journal of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers <\/em>[Zhurnali i V\u00ebllaz\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Inxhinier\u00ebve t\u00eb Lokomotivave] m\u00eb 1873.<\/p>\n

Situata arriti pik\u00ebn e prishjes m\u00eb 1877, kur manjat\u00ebt e hekurudhave konspiruan dy her\u00eb p\u00ebr ta ulur rrog\u00ebn e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve, megjith\u00ebse pat\u00ebn akumular fitime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Aksionist\u00eb dhe menaxher\u00eb nuk pat\u00ebn probleme, por paga e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb u reduktua deri n\u00eb gjys\u00ebm. Tashm\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendurit pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb hekurudhave t\u00eb Martinsburg, q\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavullnetshme i dhan\u00eb fillim Rebelimit t\u00eb Madh, hyn\u00eb n\u00eb verpim m\u00eb 16 korrik n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb reduktimit t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb rrogave at\u00eb vit. P\u00ebrkundrazi, k\u00ebrkuan nj\u00eb rritje prej 10% dhe filluan t\u00eb shk\u00ebpusnin vagonat p\u00ebr t\u2019i detyruar trenat t\u00eb ndaleshin. Greva emigroi nga lindja n\u00eb per\u00ebndim p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb disa rrug\u00ebve hekurudhore t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb veriut. Ata q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb grev\u00eb nuk qen\u00eb vet\u00ebm pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e hekurudhave. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb e nd\u00ebrpren\u00eb pun\u00ebn n\u00eb solidaritet, midis t\u00eb cil\u00ebve minator\u00ebt dhe marinar\u00ebt e West Virginia, prodhuesit e kutiave n\u00eb Baltimora dhe kasap\u00ebt n\u00eb Chicago.\u00a0 N\u00eb Pittsburgh, trena dhe magazina ju vu flaka dhe n\u00eb St Louis nj\u00eb koalicion grevist\u00ebsh t\u00eb organizuar \u2013 Komuna e St Luis \u2013 mori pushtetin p\u00ebr rreth 24 or\u00eb. Klasa kapitaliste ishte si e vdekur. Biznesmen\u00ebt qen\u00eb t\u00eb terrorizuar nga perspektiva e nj\u00eb versioni amerikan t\u00eb Komun\u00ebs s\u00eb Parisit, q\u00eb kishte shokuar Europ\u00ebn vet\u00ebm 6 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb. Qen\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb preokupuar se mos ndodhte nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e dyt\u00eb civile \u2013 k\u00ebsaj radhe me socialist\u00eb dhe komunist\u00eb me origjin\u00eb t\u00eb huaj n\u00eb krye t\u00eb nj\u00eb lufte kund\u00ebr oligarkis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrmbledhje zyrtare dhe gazetash p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn shum\u00eb terma p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrshkruar Rebelimin e Madh: Kryengritje! Rebelim! Revolt\u00eb! <\/em>Allan Pinkerton e quajti \u00abrevolt\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbindshme\u00bb n\u00eb librin e tij t\u00eb vitit 1878 Strikers, Communists, Tramps, and Detectives <\/em>[Grevist\u00eb, Komunist\u00eb, Vagabond\u00eb dhe Detektiv\u00eb]. N\u00eb krye t\u00eb nj\u00eb skuadre spiunazhi t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX; agjencia e dedektiv\u00ebve e Pinkerton, e prirur p\u00ebr shkat\u00ebrrimin e sindikatave, u v\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb biznesmen\u00ebve t\u00eb pasur n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb mbrojtjes pas ver\u00ebs s\u00eb 1877. Kur industrialist\u00ebt nuk mund\u00ebn t\u00eb ushtronin presion p\u00ebr t\u2019i kthyer punonj\u00ebsit e tyre n\u00eb vendet e pun\u00ebs, ju drejtuan politikan\u00ebve q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdornin lev\u00ebn e dhun\u00ebs shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb mundshme: policin\u00eb, Gard\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare, trupat federale. Guvernatori i shtetit West Virginia qe i pari t\u00eb thirri trupat. Nj\u00eb grevist i Martinsburg u vra pas nj\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimi t\u00eb sht\u00ebnash me nj\u00eb ushtar, paralajm\u00ebrues i vdekjes dhe i kaosit q\u00eb do t\u00eb vinin.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 20 korrik 1877, nj\u00eb turm\u00eb u vendos p\u00ebrpara armatimit t\u00eb Regjimentit t\u00eb VI n\u00eb Baltimora dhe nisi t\u00eb l\u00ebshoj\u00eb gur\u00eb ndaj milicis\u00eb. Trupat u p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn duke q\u00eblluar ndaj njer\u00ebzve me mushketa dhe duke i q\u00eblluar me bajoneta. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 10 njer\u00ebz u vran\u00eb, midis t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00abnj\u00eb djal\u00eb i gazetave me k\u00ebmb\u00ebt e zbathura dhe me k\u00ebmish\u00eb, nj\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebs 16 vje\u00e7ar i fotografis\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb buk\u00ebpjek\u00ebs 19 vje\u00e7ar\u00bb, sipas Baltimore Sun. <\/em>T\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen, milicia hapi zjarr mbi nj\u00eb mb\u00ebedhje t\u00eb grevist\u00ebve dhe familjeve t\u00eb tyre, duke vrar\u00eb 20 persona. Midis grevist\u00ebve kishte gra dhe f\u00ebmij\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb rezultoi problematike p\u00ebr ushtarak\u00ebt q\u00eb kishin urdh\u00ebr ta mbysnin kund\u00ebrshtimin. \u00abProblemi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u00bb, ankohej New York Times<\/em>, \u00ab\u00ebsht\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb an\u00ebt e rrug\u00ebve jan\u00eb totalisht t\u00eb lidhur me grevist\u00ebt dhe nuk mund t\u00eb besohet mbi aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e ushtarak\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb vepruar kund\u00ebr tyre n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb emergjenc\u00eb\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Beteja e Uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebsit t\u00eb Chicago<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 23 korrik 1877, nat\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara se vala e grevave t\u00eb godiste Chicago, Albert Parsons mbajti nj\u00eb diskutim t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr p\u00ebrpara rreth 30000 pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve emigrant\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb kalonin n\u00eb veprim. Socialisti radikal sapo kishte humbur n\u00eb tentativ\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb k\u00ebshillin qytetar si an\u00ebtar i ri nj\u00eb partie pun\u00ebtor\u00ebsh t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar mbi krahun e pun\u00ebs. \u00abJemi mbledhur si nj\u00eb ushtri e madhe e uris\u00eb\u00bb, tha Parsons. \u00abJu takon juve t\u00eb vendosni n\u00ebse do t\u2019i lejojm\u00eb kapitalist\u00ebt t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb na shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb. Do t\u00eb organizoheni?\u00bb. T\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen, mij\u00ebra pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar e braktis\u00ebn pun\u00ebn dhe marshuan rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb Chicago, n\u00eb disa raste vandalizuan vendet e tyre t\u00eb pun\u00ebs apo duke prer\u00eb fijet e trameve. Shtypi vendor u kushtoi atyre fjal\u00eb t\u00eb hidhura, t\u00eb ngjyrosura me ksenofobi dhe paragjykime klasore. Nj\u00eb shkrim i p\u00ebrshkruante \u00abhordhi mashturesish, vagabond\u00ebsh, t\u00eb humburish dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi mbeturinat e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb\u00bb. Klasa pun\u00ebtore e Chicago i shikonte stereotipet me m\u00ebri. \u00abShikom\u00ebni, shikojini duart e mia. Ju duken si t\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrtaci apo t\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00ebtori?\u00bb, esklamoi nj\u00eb marinar irlandez p\u00ebrpara nj\u00eb turme t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. \u00abE dijm\u00eb se p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb luftojm\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb po b\u00ebjm\u00eb. Po luftojm\u00eb kund\u00ebr atyre kapitalist\u00ebve t\u00eb mallkuar. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu?\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Kryebashkiaku i Chicago Monroe Heath i mbylli baret e qytetit, mblodhi policin\u00eb dhe em\u00ebroi civil\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vepronin si mbrojtje. K\u00ebshilltar\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb formuan milicit\u00eb e tyre, t\u00eb drejtuara nga pun\u00ebtor\u00eb dhe menaxher\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme, p\u00ebrfshi nj\u00eb band\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl kalor\u00ebsie n\u00eb rrethin e kat\u00ebrt. Fillimisht Heath i kishte urdh\u00ebruar zyrtar\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebllonin sip\u00ebr kokave t\u00eb turmave t\u00eb axhituara, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjen e masakr\u00ebs s\u00eb Pittsburgh, por kur kaosi filloi t\u00eb krijohej, policia i uli arm\u00ebt dhe synoi direkt ndaj grevist\u00ebve, duke vrar\u00eb 3 prej tyre dhe duke plagosur m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Shpesh policia vepronte si agresore. Disa qindra artizan\u00ebsh gjerman\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ndesheshin me punonj\u00ebsit tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb diskutuar p\u00ebr dit\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs 8 or\u00ebshe n\u00eb West Loop t\u00eb Chicago kur oficer\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyn\u00eb, vran\u00eb nj\u00eb ebanist 28 vje\u00e7ar t\u00eb \u00e7armatosur dhe plagos\u00ebn njer\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Dhuna n\u00eb Chicago e arriti kulmin m\u00eb 26 korrik, me at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur \u00abBeteja e Uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebsit\u00bb. Policia e Chicago dhe nj\u00eb regjiment i Gard\u00ebs Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Illinois q\u00eblluan me mushketa ndaj m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 10000 njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb mbledhur n\u00eb n\u00eb uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebs af\u00ebr an\u00ebs jugper\u00ebndimore. Trupat nuk q\u00eblluan vet\u00ebm ndaj grevist\u00ebve, por edhe ndaj \u00abspektator\u00ebve\u00bb, rr\u00ebfeu Parsons, \u00abduke vrar\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, asnj\u00ebri prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk po protestonte\u00bb.<\/p>\n

500 emigrant\u00eb irlandez\u00eb marshuan n\u00eb kolon\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb Halsted Street n\u00eb Chicago \u2013 disa prej tyre qen\u00eb kasap\u00eb q\u00eb vishnin akoma uniformat me thikat n\u00eb dor\u00eb. Dy djem q\u00eb marshonin n\u00eb krye t\u00eb kolon\u00ebs mbanin nj\u00eb banderol\u00eb me shkrimin \u00abT\u00eb drejta t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve\u00bb. Pas kishin refuzuar t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqeshin nga nj\u00eb ur\u00eb, irlandez\u00ebt u p\u00ebrlesh\u00ebn me policin\u00eb p\u00ebr kontrollin e ur\u00ebs p\u00ebr rreth 1 or\u00eb. Nj\u00eb grua irlandeze, Mollie Cook, u arrestua pse kishte q\u00eblluar policin\u00eb nga dritarja e katit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb saj n\u00eb Halsted. Gazetar\u00ebt u p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruan shum\u00eb mbi origjin\u00ebn e huaj t\u00eb manifestuesve. \u00abVal\u00eb amazonash boheme!\u00bb, ul\u00ebrinte titulli i faqes s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb gazete, duke folur p\u00ebr grevat e emigrant\u00ebve gjermane dhe nga Europa Qendrore, duke p\u00ebrmendur gra me \u00abkrah\u00eb muskuloze dhe t\u00eb zeshk\u00ebta q\u00eb tundnin \u00e7elsa\u00bb. Dy regjimente t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb amerikane, t\u00eb ardhura koh\u00ebt e fundit nga territori i Dakota, ku po luftonin kund\u00ebr Sioux, mor\u00ebn pozicione n\u00eb uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebs me mitraloz\u00ebt Gatling p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur policin\u00eb dhe milicin\u00eb. P\u00ebrpara perspektiv\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar 3000 ushtar\u00eb dhe ushtarak\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebpajisur \u2013 nj\u00eb forc\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme se ajo e Betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Demit t\u00eb Ulur \u2013 banor\u00ebt rebel\u00eb t\u00eb Chicago p\u00ebrfunduan p\u00ebr t\u2019u t\u00ebrhequr. N\u00eb thelb, gur\u00eb dhe shkopinj t\u00eb forcuara nuk mund t\u00eb konkurronin me pistoletat. Nga 30 njer\u00ebzit e vrar\u00eb n\u00eb luftime n\u00eb Chicago, rreth gjysma qen\u00eb djem n\u00ebn 18 vje\u00e7, dhe rreth 200 grevist\u00eb u plagos\u00ebn. Asnj\u00eb polic nuk u vra.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi pak e vler\u00ebsuar <\/strong><\/p>\n

Skena t\u00eb ngjashme ndodh\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin dhe has\u00ebn t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn rezistenc\u00eb t\u00eb organizuar. Qysh m\u00eb 1 gusht 1877 Rebelimi i Madh praktikisht ishte qet\u00ebsuar dhe thuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trenat kishin rifilluar t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonin. N\u00eb shtojc\u00eb t\u00eb policis\u00eb vendore e shtet\u00ebrore dhe milicive informale, presidenti Rutherford B. Hayes kishte thirrur n\u00eb detyr\u00eb rreth 60000 trupa federale n\u00eb 10 shtete. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 njer\u00ebz u vran\u00eb dhe mij\u00ebra u plagos\u00ebn. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad pushoi nga puna punonj\u00ebsit q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb grev\u00eb dhe refuzoi t\u2019u anullonte shkurtimet e rrogave t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, duke i l\u00ebn\u00eb grevist\u00ebt krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb mundur dhe t\u00eb demoralizuar.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Chicago, an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e elit\u00ebs ekonomike organizuan nj\u00eb sindikat\u00eb t\u00eb tyren n\u00eb jav\u00ebt q\u00eb pasuan grev\u00ebn e madhe: Commercial Club. M\u00eb von\u00eb, Commercial Club bleu 600 akra tok\u00ebn n\u00eb veri t\u00eb qytetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar Fort Sheridan, nj\u00eb baz\u00eb \u2013 k\u00ebshtjell\u00eb p\u00ebr ushtrin\u00eb amerikane. U projektua p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb Gard\u00ebs Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Illinois dhe ushtris\u00eb amerikane nj\u00eb akses m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb n\u00eb rast se do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb vepronte s\u00ebrish si personel force policie i klas\u00ebs dominuese me detyr\u00ebn e shtypjes s\u00eb agjitimit t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. I bindur se edhe policia kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb arm\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, njeriu m\u00eb i pasur i Chicago, Marshall Field, dhuroi mij\u00ebra dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr mitraloz\u00ebt Gatling dhe topat e qytetit. Por jo gjith\u00e7ka qe e humbur p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen pun\u00ebtore. Greva sh\u00ebnoi fillimin e ndryshimit t\u00eb kuptimit publik t\u00eb situat\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve. Brenda dy vitesh, kompanit\u00eb hekurudhore filluan t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb reforma dhe sindikatat filluan t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb nj\u00eb khezion dhe shtytje t\u00eb caktuar, duke filluar me Kalor\u00ebsit e Pun\u00ebs. \u00abNgjarjet e 1877 i dhan\u00eb nj\u00eb impuls dhe aktivitet t\u00eb madh l\u00ebvizjes pun\u00ebtore n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe, n\u00eb realitet, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn\u00bb, v\u00ebrejti Parsons.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebnt\u00eb vjet pas Betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Halsted, Albert dhe Lucy Parsons udh\u00ebhoq\u00ebn nj\u00eb marshim prej dhjet\u00ebramij\u00ebra njer\u00ebzish gjat\u00eb Michigan Avenue n\u00eb manifestimin e par\u00eb t\u00eb 1 Majit, duke k\u00ebrkuar nj\u00eb dit\u00eb pune universale 8 or\u00ebshe. 1 Maji \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb tani njihet si rasti i Haymarket \u2013 ku \u00e7ifti Parsons qe nj\u00ebri nga t\u00eb 4 t\u00eb d\u00ebnuarit me varje p\u00ebr rolin jo t\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb bomb\u00ebn me dinamit t\u00eb l\u00ebshuar ndaj policis\u00eb m\u00eb 4 maj 1886 \u2013 jan\u00eb pika t\u00eb njohura kryesore t\u00eb historis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore, por pak kan\u00eb kuptuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrvjetorin e 145 t\u00eb Rebelimit t\u00eb Madh. Kjo revolt\u00eb komb\u00ebtare n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe ka dal\u00eb nga kujtesa historike amerikane. Qe gj\u00ebja m\u00eb e af\u00ebrt me nj\u00eb Luft\u00eb t\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Civile me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kan\u00eb arritur Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe jan\u00eb pak sh\u00ebnimet historike t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara n\u00eb Pennsylvania, Baltimora dhe Martinsburg t\u00eb West Virginia q\u00eb e p\u00ebrkujtojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

(nga Jacobin Magazine<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb ver\u00ebn e 1877, 1 milion pun\u00ebtor\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb grev\u00eb dhe u ndesh\u00ebm me policin\u00eb n\u00eb qytete t\u00eb ndryshme amerikane. Qe thuajse nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e dyt\u00eb civile, por k\u00ebsaj radhe t\u00eb kund\u00ebrv\u00ebna krahu i pun\u00ebs dhe kapitali. Megjithat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb harruar. Greva e par\u00eb komb\u00ebtare n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara ka pasur nj\u00eb origjin\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":34694,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34693"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34693"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34693\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}