{"id":32675,"date":"2022-12-23T17:57:46","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T17:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=32675"},"modified":"2022-12-23T17:57:46","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T17:57:46","slug":"prapa-ukraines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2022\/12\/23\/prapa-ukraines\/","title":{"rendered":"Prapa Ukrain\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Serbia tek Maidani, 10 vitet q\u00eb kan\u00eb shp\u00ebrthyer luft\u00ebn e Mosk\u00ebs. Soft power amerikan ka nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb aktivisht n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 10 vite p\u00ebrpara Maidanit. Ja rrjeti q\u00eb ka promovuar ndryshimin e regjimit n\u00eb Kiev.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1991, gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb vendeve balltike nga Bashkimi Sovjetik tashm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb t\u00eb pakthyeshme, ish ministri lituanez i Mbrojtjes Audrius Butkevi\u00e7ius tha se preferonte t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb politologut amerikan Gene Sharp n\u00eb vend t\u00eb bomb\u00ebs atomike. Dukej ekzagjerim, por nuk ishte. Pas ish Jugosllavis\u00eb, Gjeorgjia dhe Ukraina kan\u00eb qen\u00eb kampi i par\u00eb i aplikimit t\u00eb revolucioneve jo t\u00eb dhunshme n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn passovjetike. Asgj\u00eb spontane, n\u00eb vend se minimalisht. Projeksioni i soft power amerikan ka arritur Kievin me parapritshm\u00ebri t\u00eb madhe respektivisht EuroMaidanit 2014, i konsideruar ngjarja ndar\u00ebse gurthemeli e Ukrain\u00ebs bashk\u00ebkohore. Sharp dhe teorit\u00eb e tij, normalisht t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb ashtuquajturave revolucione me ngjyra, jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura. Faktikisht jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura nd\u00ebrthurjet dhe rrjetet mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse, t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra nga know how dhe financime, q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e \u201cpromovimit\u201d amerikan t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb. Kemi folur me Ana Otashevi\u00e7, gazetare e Le Monde Diplomatique<\/em> e specializuar n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn gjeopolitike ballkanike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb 2019 tek Le Monde Diplomatique<\/em> ju keni shpjeguar rolin e l\u00ebvizjes politike ukrainase Pora!<\/em>. Jemi pra n\u00eb fundin e 2003. Pse t\u00eb flitet 16 vite m\u00eb pas?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pora!<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb emri i nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizjeje proteste e t\u00eb rinjve ukrainas n\u00eb vigjilje t\u00eb zgjedhjeve presidenciale n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb n\u00eb vjesht\u00ebn e 2004. Kjo l\u00ebvizje ka marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb revolt\u00ebn popullore t\u00eb mbiquajtur \u201crevolucion portokalli\u201d, i shkaktuar nga kontestimi i rezultatit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre zgjedhjeve nga ana e opozit\u00ebs. Objektivi ishte t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysej regjimi pa arm\u00eb, duke sfiduar legjitimitetin e pushtetit dhe duke d\u00ebnuar mashtrimet elektorale. Jam interesuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb metod\u00eb ndryshimi regjimi jo t\u00eb dhunsh\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet protest\u00ebs popullore pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces q\u00eb futet n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb tranzicioni politik n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn passovjetike. Nj\u00eb proces i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb hedh\u00eb drit\u00eb mbi origjin\u00ebn e luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb dhe mbi motivacionet e aktor\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb: Rusi, Ukrain\u00eb, Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Bashkimi Europian.<\/p>\n

Rezulton se modeli Pora!<\/em> ka qen\u00eb l\u00ebvizja serbe Otpor!<\/em>. Cilat jan\u00eb karakteristikat e saj?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Otpor!<\/em> (\u201cRezistenc\u00eb!\u201d) ka qen\u00eb burim frym\u00ebzimi p\u00ebr aktivist\u00ebt e rinj ukrainas. Kjo l\u00ebvizje studentore \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluar n\u00eb 1998 nga nj\u00eb grusht student\u00ebsh rebel\u00eb q\u00eb donin t\u00eb rr\u00ebzonin presidentin e Republik\u00ebs Federale t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb, Slobodan Milloshevi\u00e7. Ky grup, marxhinal n\u00eb sken\u00ebn politike, \u00ebsht\u00eb transformuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje popullore, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb aktor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ndryshimi n\u00eb Serbi. Otpor!<\/em> ka k\u00ebrkuar ta mobilizoj\u00eb popullsin\u00eb dhe sidomos t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhje dhe ka b\u00ebr\u00eb front t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt me opozit\u00ebn kund\u00ebr pushtetit. Kan\u00eb kontribuar k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb r\u00ebnien e presidentit jugosllav n\u00eb zgjedhjet e tetorit 2000.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje politike spontane?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb marr\u00eb nga organizata per\u00ebndimore, kryesisht amerikane, p\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar aksionet dhe rrjetet e tyre n\u00eb Serbi, Otpor!<\/em> nuk mund t\u00eb katandiset n\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen t\u00eb trapiantuar artificialisht n\u00eb mjedisin serb, pasi protestat e student\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb qytetatr\u00ebve kan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar jet\u00ebn politike n\u00eb Serbi gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb viteve \u201890.<\/p>\n

Cilat entitete e kan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur Otpor<\/em>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Organizata si Freedom House, National Endowment for Democracy (NED), International Republican Institute (IRI) dhe fondacione private si Open Society Foundation e George Soros.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse Pora!<\/em> lind duke u frym\u00ebzuar nga Otpor!<\/em>, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se strategjia \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjta?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Metoda e revolt\u00ebs serbe \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb strategjie lufte jo t\u00eb dhunshme dhe ka sh\u00ebrbyer si model p\u00ebr revoltat n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn passovjetike dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Milloshevi\u00e7it an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Otpor!<\/em> kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb qeveri. Kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar ta transformojn\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen n\u00eb nj\u00eb parti politike, por zgjedhjet parlamentare t\u00eb 2003 kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb fiasko elektorale. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, p\u00ebr disa prej tyre fillon nj\u00eb jet\u00eb e dyt\u00eb: krijojn\u00eb Canvas (Center for Applied NonViolent Actions and Strategies), nj\u00eb shoqat\u00eb jofitimprur\u00ebse q\u00eb ofron know-how e saj jasht\u00eb vendit dhe b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb aktor transkomb\u00ebtar n\u00eb eksportimin e revolucioneve jo t\u00eb dhunshme.<\/p>\n

Si operon Canvas?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Canvas menaxhon n\u00eb rrjet instruktor\u00ebsh dhe konsulent\u00ebsh nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb me \u201caktivist\u00ebt prodemokraci\u201d. Formojn\u00eb aktivist\u00eb t\u00eb rinj n\u00eb strategjit\u00eb e luft\u00ebs jo t\u00eb dhunshme me objektivin e p\u00ebrmbysjes s\u00eb regjimeve t\u00eb konsideruar si autoritare. Instruktor\u00ebt e Canvas m\u00ebsojn\u00eb strategjin\u00eb e ndryshimit t\u00eb pushtetit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet metodash jo t\u00eb dhunshme. Jam i bindur se nuk ka nj\u00eb revolucion spontan t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm. Sipas tyre, gjith\u00e7ka luhet tek planifikimi dhe tek taktika: si t\u00eb krijosh unitet, t\u00eb nxis\u00ebsh mosbindje civile, t\u00eb organizohen bojkote; \u00e7far\u00eb sloganesh t\u00eb zgjidhen, si t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret muzika.<\/p>\n

Cili ka qen\u00eb kampi i par\u00eb i veprimit i Canvas?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kan\u00eb qen\u00eb Gjeorgjia dhe Ukraina. Ish aktivist\u00ebt e Otpor!<\/em> kan\u00eb formuar aktivist\u00ebt ukrainas t\u00eb Pora!<\/em> n\u00eb 2003, n\u00eb vigjilje t\u00eb zgjedhjeve presidenciale t\u00eb vjesht\u00ebs 2004, q\u00eb pan\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrv\u00ebn\u00eb Viktor Yanukovich, kandidat n\u00eb linj\u00eb me presidentin Leonid Ku\u00e7ma, n\u00eb pushtet nga 1992, dhe kandidati i opozit\u00ebs, Viktor Yushchenko.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb ka ndodhur konkretisht?<\/strong><\/p>\n

An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Pora!<\/em> kan\u00eb frekuentuar kurse formimi n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Novi Sad, kryeqytet i Serbis\u00eb veriore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar sesi t\u00eb organizohet, t\u00eb koordinoj\u00eb veprimet e veta n\u00eb shkall\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, t\u00eb menaxhoj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet publike, t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb fonde, etj. N\u00eb vigjilje t\u00eb \u201crevolucionit portokalli\u201d qen\u00eb gati t\u00eb organizojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u2019u jap\u00eb jet\u00eb manifestimet n\u00eb Maidan. Kishte rreth 2000 aktivist\u00eb t\u00eb Pora!<\/em> n\u00eb Kiev dhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonin nj\u00eb forc\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme. Nuk kishin p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb udh\u00ebheqjeje t\u00eb nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb politik. Faktikisht, duke ndjekur shembullin serb, Pora!<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb transformuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb parti politike dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kandiduar n\u00eb zgjedhjet parlamentare t\u00eb marsit 2006 n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, ku ka siguruar vet\u00ebm 1.4% t\u00eb votave. K\u00ebta aktivist\u00eb megjithat\u00eb kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb politik\u00eb dhe kan\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb pozicione t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Nga ana e tyre, ukrainasit do t\u00eb formojn\u00eb aktivist\u00eb n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera: Azerbaixhan, Lituani, Rusi, Iran, sa p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur disa.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb na citoni shkurtimisht shembuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb l\u00ebvizjesh t\u00eb ngjashme?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb merrte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb \u201crevolucionin e tr\u00ebndafilave\u201d dhe n\u00eb shkarkimin e Edouard Shevardnadze n\u00eb n\u00ebntorin e 2003, aktivist\u00ebt gjeorgjian\u00eb t\u00eb Kmara!<\/em> (\u201cMjaft!\u201d) ndoq\u00ebn n\u00eb qershorin e 2003 nj\u00eb kurs formimi n\u00eb Serbi. Instruktor\u00ebt e Canvas kan\u00eb formuar aktivist\u00eb t\u00eb Zubr<\/em> n\u00eb Bjellorusi, Mjaft!<\/em> N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, Oborona<\/em> n\u00eb Rusi, KelKel<\/em> n\u00eb Kirgizistan, Bolga<\/em> n\u00eb Yzbekistan, Nabad-al-Horriye<\/em> n\u00eb Liban, 6 Prill<\/em> n\u00eb Egjipt. N\u00eb total kan\u00eb punuar n\u00eb nja 50 vende.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse objektivi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb diskutim legjitimitetin e zgjedhjeve, ku kjo ndodhur me sukses?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hulumtueset amerikane Valerie Bunce dhe Sharon Wolchik, q\u00eb i kan\u00eb studiuar k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomene protestash popullore n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Lindore, flasin p\u00ebr \u201crevolucion elektoral\u201d, nj\u00eb model aksioni politik kompleks. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00eb strategji e p\u00ebrmbysjes s\u00eb pushtetit me forc\u00eb, por n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kutive t\u00eb votimit. Ky \u201cmodel elektoral\u201d, i eksperimentuar n\u00eb Filipine dhe n\u00eb Kili n\u00eb mesin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb viteve \u201980, \u00ebsht\u00eb transportuar n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn paskomuniste dhe n\u00eb Eurazi. T\u00eb dy k\u00ebrkueset pohojn\u00eb se Europa Lindore ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb maj\u00ebn e prioriteteve amerikane t\u00eb impenjuara n\u00eb promovimin e demokracis\u00eb nga fundi i Bashkimit Sovjetik. Nga 1990 deri m\u00eb 2004, buxheti i USAID \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur me 6 her\u00eb. K\u00ebto organizata kan\u00eb drejtuar aktivitetet e tyre drejt vendesh ku qen\u00eb impenjuar n\u00eb organizimin e zgjedhjeve si element ky\u00e7 t\u00eb nj\u00eb procesi politik. Ka edhe nj\u00eb detaj shum\u00eb interesant q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me Serbin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bunce dhe Wolchik theksojn\u00eb se nga 1998 dhe deri n\u00eb ver\u00ebn e 1999 u verifikua nj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme amerikane kundrejt Serbis\u00eb, nj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin kan\u00eb kontribuar p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e DASH, Institutit t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Paqen, NED, NDI dhe an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb rrethit t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Bill Clinton. Sipas asaj q\u00eb referohet, \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar nj\u00eb skuad\u00ebr me mandatin q\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshim regjimi n\u00eb Beograd. Shum\u00eb prej atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb punuar n\u00eb zgjedhjet n\u00eb Kili dhe n\u00eb Filipine do t\u00eb gjendeshin n\u00eb vij\u00ebn e par\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb. Ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kthese respektivisht epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, kur funksionar\u00ebt amerikane kan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur diktatura antikomuniste si ato t\u00eb Pinochet apo Marcos dhe ka organizuar grushte shteti n\u00eb Iran, Guatemal\u00eb dhe Kil\u00eb. \u201cPjesa e madhe e asaj q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb sot, CIA e b\u00ebnte fshehurazi 25 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb\u201d, thot\u00eb Allen Weinstein, presidenti i par\u00eb i NED, n\u00eb\u00a0Washington Post<\/em>\u00a0m\u00eb 22 shtator 1991. \u201cModeli elektoral\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar n\u00eb Bullgari m\u00eb 1990, m\u00eb pas n\u00eb Sllovaki dhe n\u00eb Kroaci.<\/p>\n

Cilat subjekte kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto operacione promovimi i demokracis\u00eb?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb rrjet i t\u00ebr\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebsh, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte OJF si Freedom House, US German Marshall Fund dhe International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES, nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare pa q\u00ebllim fitimi q\u00eb ofron asistenc\u00eb elektorale), apo akoma Open Society Institute, Ford, Carnegie, Rockefeller ose Mott Foundation. Rrjeti p\u00ebrfshinte edhe ambasador\u00eb dhe personel ambasadash q\u00eb kishin vendosur raporte me partit\u00eb opozitare, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues dhe l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile, si Otpor!<\/em> n\u00eb Serbi, Kmara!<\/em> n\u00eb Gjeorgi dhe Pora!<\/em> n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Me \u00e7far\u00eb rezultatesh?<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb librin e tyre Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Postcommunist Countries<\/em>, Bunce dhe Wolchik p\u00ebrcjellin p\u00ebr shembull se ish ministri i Jasht\u00ebm ukrainas Borys Tarasyuk ka pohuar n\u00eb 2007 se opozita nuk do t\u00eb vinte kurr\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet n\u00eb 2004 pa ndihma t\u00eb huaja. Citojn\u00eb edhe Brian Mefford, nj\u00eb eksponent t\u00eb IRI n\u00eb Kiev nga viti 1999, i cili n\u00eb 2007 shpjegoi se nj\u00eb ngjarje e k\u00ebsaj shtrirjeje nuk mund t\u00eb fillonte pa nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje. N\u00eb 2009, Mefford ka udh\u00ebhequr nj\u00eb ekip nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar konsulent\u00ebsh n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb presidentit ukrainas Yushchenko.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb bilanc i k\u00ebtyre aktiviteteve?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Midis shembujve t\u00eb arritur t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysjes s\u00eb regjimeve autoritare, shpesh Canvas ka cituar Gjeorgjin\u00eb (2003), Ukrain\u00ebn (2004), Liban (2004), Maldive (2008) dhe Egjipt (2011). Midis vendeve ku kan\u00eb organizuar formimin e tyre, por ku mendojn\u00eb se puna nuk ka p\u00ebrfunduar akoma jan\u00eb Bjellorusia, Birmania, Vietnami, Zimbabve, Svazilandi, Siria, Sudani, Egjipti, Tunizi, Somalia, Papua Per\u00ebndimore, Azerbaixhani, Guinea e Re Papua, Venezuela dhe Irani.<\/p>\n

Sipas jush, \u00ebsht\u00eb e ekzagjeruar t\u00eb thuhet se EuroMaidani 2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb konkluzioni i k\u00ebtij procesi t\u00eb gjat\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Situata n\u00eb 2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb shum\u00eb ndryshe. P\u00ebrmbysja e presidentit Janukovi\u00e7 \u2013 zgjedhja e t\u00eb cilit n\u00eb 2010 gjith\u00ebsesi \u00ebsht\u00eb njohur si konform me standardet demokratike \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb perceptuar nga Moska si nj\u00eb grusht shteti i mb\u00ebshtetur nga per\u00ebndimor\u00ebt. Nd\u00ebrhyrja e m\u00ebpasme ruse, aneksimi i Krimes\u00eb dhe mb\u00ebshtetja ushtarake jozyrtare ndaj milicive t\u00eb Donbasit, jan\u00eb paraqitur nga Kremlini si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje legjitime ndaj grushtit t\u00eb shtetit proper\u00ebndimor n\u00eb Kiev.<\/p>\n

Lexohet se grupet e ndryshme t\u00eb s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs ekstreme \u2013 Pravy Sektor, Una-Unso, Svoboda, etj. \u2013 jan\u00eb luajtur nj\u00eb rol marxhinal n\u00eb Maidan n\u00eb 2014. Sipas t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, roli i tyre ka qen\u00eb themelor. Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb opinioni juaj lidhur me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nuk kam punuar me k\u00ebto grupe t\u00eb s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs ekstreme dhe nuk do t\u00eb dija se cili ka qen\u00eb roli i tyre n\u00eb Maidan, por e dim\u00eb se qen\u00eb aty. Dy prej kandidat\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre kan\u00eb d\u00ebshtuar n\u00eb zgjedhjet presidenciale t\u00eb 2014: Oleh Tyahnibok dhe Dmytro Yarosh, respektivisht kandidat\u00eb t\u00eb Bashkimit Svoboda dhe t\u00eb Pravy Sektor, kan\u00eb siguruar vet\u00ebm 1.2% dhe 0.7% t\u00eb votave, m\u00eb pas n\u00eb legjislativet e mbajtura po at\u00eb vit 4.7% p\u00ebr List\u00ebn Svoboda dhe 1.8% p\u00ebr Pravy Sektor.<\/p>\n

Po p\u00ebrsa u p\u00ebrket lider\u00ebve politik\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr sa u p\u00ebrket lider\u00ebve politik\u00eb, pas \u201crevolucionit portokalli\u201d Jush\u00e7enko i ka b\u00ebr\u00eb homazh figurave kontradiktore t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes nacionaliste, deri tek Stepan Bandera (1909 \u2013 1959), i ngritur n\u00eb status heroi n\u00eb 2010.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb hero kontradiktor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kreu i OUN-b, organizat\u00eb me frym\u00ebzim fashist, Bandera ka qen\u00eb frym\u00ebzues i Ushtris\u00eb Rebele Ukrainase (UPA). OUN-b furnizonte kuadrot p\u00ebr politsa\u00ef<\/em>, q\u00eb gjuante hebrenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb nazist\u00ebve. UPA masakroi 60000 polak\u00eb n\u00eb Volinia m\u00eb 1943.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb kthehemi tek t\u00eb humburit n\u00eb revolucionin portokalli.<\/strong><\/p>\n

An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Partis\u00eb s\u00eb Rajoneve, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar si prorus\u00eb, e kan\u00eb imponuar identitetin lokal t\u00eb Donbasit si ideologji, duke vler\u00ebsuar kujtes\u00ebn e \u201cLuft\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe Patriotike\u201d kund\u00ebr fashizmit dhe duke rivendikuar se jan\u00eb sllav\u00eb dhe ortodoks\u00eb. Nga ky moment, t\u00eb dy \u201ckujtimet\u201d jan\u00eb ndeshur n\u00eb territor.<\/p>\n

Ish ministri lituanez i Mbrojtjes Audrius Butkevi\u00e7ius tha n\u00eb 1991 se preferonte t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb Gene Sharp n\u00eb vend t\u00eb bomb\u00ebs atomike. Cila \u00ebsht\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e politologut amerikan respektivisht asaj q\u00eb po themi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00ebvizjet e protest\u00ebs rinore n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn passovjetike dhe tjet\u00ebrkund jan\u00eb influencuar fuqimisht nga teoria e rezistenc\u00ebs jo t\u00eb dhunshme t\u00eb zhvilluar nga Gene Sharp. K\u00ebrkimi i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer n\u00eb kontekstin e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, ku Sharp ka zhvilluar teorin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb pushtetit dhe t\u00eb konsensusit. Sipas tij, goditjet m\u00eb efikase kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistemi jan\u00eb ato t\u00eb shkaktuara nga aksione jo t\u00eb dhunshme n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb mobilizojn\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsish p\u00ebr t\u00eb tronditur shtyllat e pushtetit \u2013 universitete, ushtri, polici, media \u2013 me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb pushojn\u00eb s\u00eb mb\u00ebshteturi.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre puna e Sharp ka ardhur n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teorit\u00eb e tij jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje proteste n\u00eb vendet passovjetike dhe n\u00eb ish Jugosllavi. Lib\u00eblrthi i tij\u00a0Nga diktatura n\u00eb demokraci<\/em>\u00a0(1993) \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb Serbi n\u00eb nj\u00eb grusht lider\u00ebsh t\u00eb Otpor!<\/em> kan\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb seminaret e luft\u00ebs jo t\u00eb dhunshme. Kjo strategji e jodhun\u00ebs, e teorizuar nga Sharp, u \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebsuar militant\u00ebve serb\u00eb nga nj\u00eb prej bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb tij, Robert Helvey, kolonel n\u00eb pension i ushtris\u00eb amerikane, ekspert i sh\u00ebrbimeve sekrete ushtarake.\u00a0Nga diktatura n\u00eb demokraci<\/em>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb dhe shtypur n\u00eb 12000 kopje me ndihm\u00ebn e Albert Einstein Institution, shoqat\u00eb jofitimprur\u00ebse e krijuar nga vet\u00eb Sharp. Ky tekst \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur si manua\u00eb udh\u00ebzimesh n\u00eb formimin e aktivist\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb Pora!<\/em> nga aktivist\u00ebt serb\u00eb t\u00eb Otpor!<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Qysh n\u00eb 2019 ju n\u00ebnvizonit rolin e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb ambasadorit amerikan Michael McFaul. Sot mund t\u00eb shtohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb McFaul ai q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunoi sanksionet e zbatuara nga Uashingtoni kund\u00ebr Rusis\u00eb. E b\u00ebn n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me Andriy Yermak, bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor i Zelensky. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb na thoni lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

McFaul konsiderohet arkitekti i politik\u00ebs s\u00eb Obam\u00ebs kundrejt Rusis\u00eb. Si shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga administrata amerikane n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Lindore, ka nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb alternative nj\u00eb karrier\u00eb diplomatike dhe nj\u00eb akademike si profesor i Shkencave Politike n\u00eb Stanford University. N\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb 2012 p\u00ebr portalin rus t\u00eb pavarur Slon.ru<\/em>, McFaul prezantohet si \u201cnj\u00eb specialist n\u00eb demokraci, l\u00ebvizje dhe revolucione antidiktatoriale\u201d. Interesohet p\u00ebr zgjedhje n\u00eb vendet passovjetike dhe n\u00eb Ballkan. N\u00eb librat e tij n\u00ebnvizon rolin e programeve t\u00eb asistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb demokracive per\u00ebndimore n\u00eb revolucionet elektorale n\u00eb Serbi, ashtu si n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb dhe Gjeorgji. Afirmon r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e zbulimeve t\u00eb mashtrimeve t\u00eb mundshme n\u00eb zgjedhjet si faktor vendimtar i mobilizimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. V\u00eb theksin mbi nj\u00eb strategji t\u00eb koordinuar, thelb\u00ebsore, sipas tij, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb revolucion elektoral. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, rivendikon r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e num\u00ebrimit paralel t\u00eb votave nga ana e v\u00ebzhguesve komb\u00ebtar\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile. N\u00eb librin e tij\u00a0Ukraine imports democracy. External influences on the Orange Revolution\u00a0<\/em>e konsideron \u201crevolucionin portokalli\u201d si nj\u00eb \u201cshembull spektakolar t\u00eb prishjes demokratike, n\u00eb mos kthes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme demokratike t\u00eb dekad\u00ebs\u201d. Sipas tij qeveria e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara ka shpenzuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 18 milion dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr \u201cpromovimin e demokracis\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb dy vitet p\u00ebrpara zgjedhjeve presidenciale t\u00eb 2004 n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb. M\u00eb emailet e Stratfor, nj\u00eb kompani private amerikane e specializuar n\u00eb analiza gjeostrategjike, t\u00eb botuara nga Wikileaks n\u00eb 2012, \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptuar se McFaul ishte n\u00eb kontakt me aktivist\u00ebt e Canvas.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cili ka qen\u00eb roli i Bashkimit Europian n\u00eb procesin e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb opsionit \u201cper\u00ebndimor\u201d n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bashkimi Europian dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara nuk qen\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn linj\u00eb p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket Ukrain\u00ebs. Si p\u00ebr shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb politik\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, Bashkimi Europian ishte dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebr\u00e7ar\u00eb n\u00eb strategjin\u00eb e tij kundrejt Rusis\u00eb, n\u00eb linj\u00eb maksima\u00ebe midis atlantist\u00ebve, t\u00eb lidhur me pozicionet amerikane dhe me ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb favorsh\u00ebm ndaj reduktimit t\u00eb eskalimit, n\u00eb favor t\u00eb nj\u00eb politike rimarrjeje t\u00eb dialogut me Mosk\u00ebn.\u00a0Europin\u00eb dhe amerikane\u00eb e kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen e tyre nga fundi i 2013 ndaj manifestimeve t\u00eb EuroMaidan, q\u00eb kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb ndryshimin e pushtetit, por Uashingtoni ka luajtur nj\u00eb rol shum\u00eb m\u00eb agresiv. Si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur, manifestimi flagrant i frustrimit amerikan ndaj Bashkimit Europian ka qen\u00eb reagimi i Victoria Nuland n\u00eb nj\u00eb telefonat\u00eb t\u00eb janarit 2014 me Geoffrey Pyatt, ambasadorin amerikan n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb.<\/p>\n

E famshmja \u201cAnd, you know\u2026 Fuck the EU\u201d, th\u00ebn\u00eb nga z\u00ebvend\u00ebssekretarja e Shtetit p\u00ebr Europ\u00ebn dhe Eurazin\u00eb, Victoria Nuland.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pik\u00ebrisht. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bised\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb publike (Shtetet e Bashkuara kan\u00eb akuzuar sh\u00ebrbimet sekrete ruse q\u00eb e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur), po flitej p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb e ardhshme ukrainase dhe n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim kan\u00eb dal\u00eb emrat e Arseny Yatsenyuk i quajtur \u201cYats\u201d dhe Vitali Klitschko, t\u00eb dy lider\u00eb t\u00eb EuroMaidanit. Yatsenyuk \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb kryeminist\u00ebr i Ukrain\u00ebs m\u00eb 27 shkurt 2014 dhe Vitali Klitschko \u00ebsht\u00eb kryebashkiak i Kievit nga maji 2014.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 deklarat\u00ebs s\u00eb famshme, cili ka qen\u00eb roli i Nuland?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ish ambasadorja e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara pran\u00eb NATO dhe ish k\u00ebshilltarja e Dick Cheney, ka luajtur nj\u00eb rol aktiv n\u00eb EuroMaidan, bashk\u00eb me funksionar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs amerikane. Ka negociuar garanci mbi huat\u00eb p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn dhe dor\u00ebzimin e ndihmave ushtarake p\u00ebr ushtrin\u00eb ukrainase. N\u00ebnsekretare Shteti p\u00ebr \u00c7\u00ebshtjet Politike nga 2021 \u2013 numri tre n\u00eb diplomacin\u00eb amerikane \u2013 shikohet si nj\u00eb prej mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebseve kryesore t\u00eb dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb arm\u00ebve p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Po sikur t\u00eb donim t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrohemi mbi pun\u00ebn europiane?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nga ana e tyre, europian\u00ebt e kan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb situat\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet. Kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb nj\u00eb diplomaci t\u00eb gjat\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka prodhuar rezultate. Iniciativa e tyre e mbiquajtur \u201cFormati Normandi\u201d, e lan\u00e7uar n\u00eb 2014 nga Fran\u00e7ois Hollande dhe Angela Merkel, ka nisur negociata kat\u00ebrpal\u00ebshe midis Berlinit, Mosk\u00ebs, Kievit dhe Parisit p\u00ebr ta zgjidhur luft\u00ebn civile n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, por q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar me nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim.<\/p>\n

Ky proces diplomatik \u00ebsht\u00eb paralizuar p\u00ebr 8 vjet. Pse? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Sepse ukrainasit nuk e donin dhe rus\u00ebt kan\u00eb faj\u00ebsuar Parisin dhe Berlinin pse ka mbrojtur Ukrain\u00ebn. N\u00eb fund Kremlini ka k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb negocioj\u00eb direkt me amerikan\u00ebt, duke i konsideruar ata si \u201ckumbar\u00ebt\u201d e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb Kievit. K\u00ebto negociata t\u00eb organizuar n\u00eb Gjenev\u00eb qershorin e kaluar kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb posht\u00ebrim p\u00ebr diplomacin\u00eb europiane. Europian\u00ebt jan\u00eb katandisur n\u00eb spektator\u00eb t\u00eb negociatave ruso \u2013 amerikane mbi \u201csigurin\u00eb\u201d e kontinentit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb luft\u00eb\u2026 Lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht pasoj\u00eb e inercis\u00eb dhe e pasivitetit t\u00eb diplomacis\u00eb europiane.<\/p>\n

Sipas mendimit tuaj, strategjia amerikane e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb pushtetit ukrainas, n\u00eb drit\u00ebn e ngjarjeve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj lufte, ia ka dal\u00eb apo ka d\u00ebshtuar?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Strategjia amerikane ishte e dyfisht\u00eb. Nga 1991 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar mbi\u00a0soft power<\/em>\u00a0n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile ukrainase dhe opozit\u00ebs proper\u00ebndimore; mb\u00ebshtetje financiare, politike dhe ushtarake. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, Shtetet e Bashkuara kan\u00eb ushtruar nj\u00eb presion t\u00eb fort\u00eb mbi aleat\u00ebt e tyre europian\u00eb p\u00ebr ta integruar Ukrain\u00ebn dhe Gjeorgjin\u00eb n\u00eb NATO, edhe pse shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e ukrainasve qen\u00eb kund\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Po p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket Europ\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Europian\u00ebt nuk e kan\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb autonomi strategjike nga Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe kjo i ka forcuar linjat e fraktur\u00ebs n\u00eb kontinent.<\/p>\n

(nga Il Sussidiario<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Serbia tek Maidani, 10 vitet q\u00eb kan\u00eb shp\u00ebrthyer luft\u00ebn e Mosk\u00ebs. Soft power amerikan ka nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb aktivisht n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 10 vite p\u00ebrpara Maidanit. Ja rrjeti q\u00eb ka promovuar ndryshimin e regjimit n\u00eb Kiev. N\u00eb vitin 1991, gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb vendeve balltike nga Bashkimi Sovjetik tashm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb t\u00eb pakthyeshme, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":32676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32675"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32675"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32675\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}