{"id":31368,"date":"2022-12-12T10:02:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T10:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=31368"},"modified":"2022-12-12T10:02:40","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T10:02:40","slug":"historia-e-harruar-e-namibise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2022\/12\/12\/historia-e-harruar-e-namibise\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia e harruar e Namibis\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb par\u00eb trupat koloniale gjermane kryen nj\u00eb genocid n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. Trash\u00ebgimtar\u00ebt e viktimave sot k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblim t\u00eb drejt\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hijet e zgjatura t\u00eb pem\u00ebve t\u00eb akacies shtrihen mbi barin e that\u00eb. Midis deg\u00ebve fryn nj\u00eb fllad i dridhsh\u00ebm dim\u00ebror. Mezi i shp\u00ebtuar nga dielli aktivisti namibian 59 vje\u00e7ar Jephta Nguherimo, nj\u00eb jet\u00eb e kushtuar drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb shp\u00ebrblyese p\u00ebr popullin herero, kap cop\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshkura pajisjesh ushtarake, t\u00eb cilave tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u2019u gjendet p\u00ebrdorimi. Pastaj i hedh s\u00ebrish p\u00ebrdhe. \u201cMendoj p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb vdekur k\u00ebtu\u201d, thot\u00eb ai. Jemi n\u00eb vendin ku u zhvillua beteja e Waterberg. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrafshnalt\u00eb m\u00eb 11 gusht t\u00eb 1904 ushtria koloniale gjermane masakroi hererot q\u00eb qen\u00eb rebeluar ndaj dominimit t\u00eb huaj dhe vjedhjes s\u00eb tokave t\u00eb tyre. Vrasjet qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb \u00a0fushate raprezaljesh t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb veprim nga Gjermania midis viteve 1904 dhe 1908, q\u00eb sot konsiderohet genocidi i par\u00eb i \u2018900. Pasardh\u00ebsit e Nguherimo nuk qen\u00eb thjesht viktima. \u201cLufta e tyre qe lufta e par\u00eb p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00eb ndaj kolonializmit\u201d, shpjegon ai.<\/p>\n

Jephta Nguherimo ka lindur n\u00eb nj\u00eb fshat namibian, por sot jeton n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara. Ka nj\u00eb mjek\u00ebr t\u00eb argjendt\u00eb dhe flet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtur dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebmendshme. Si poet dhe njeri shum\u00eb shpirt\u00ebror, beson fuqimisht n\u00eb drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr popullin e tij, por edhe n\u00eb pajtimin me gjerman\u00ebt q\u00eb vran\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra herero, nama dhe san, popullsit\u00eb indigjene t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb n\u00eb ato koh\u00ebra quhej Afrika Jugper\u00ebndimore. \u201cKam nj\u00eb respekt t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr gjysh\u00ebrit dhe prind\u00ebrit e mi, p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpjekjet e jasht\u00ebzakonshme q\u00eb kan\u00eb kryer p\u00ebr t\u00eb na mbrojtur ne f\u00ebmij\u00ebve nga trauma transgjeneracionale e shkaktuar nga genocidi\u201d, ka shkruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb 2020. \u201cKur flisnin p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e 1904 nuk i referoheshin kurr\u00eb genocidit. Flisnin gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00eb\u201d. N\u00eb vitin 1884, n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Berlinit, fuqit\u00eb europiane i ndan\u00eb territoret afrikane. Gjermania mori Namibin\u00eb. N\u00eb fillimin e \u2018900 n\u00eb vend erdh\u00ebn rreth 5000 kolon\u00eb gjerman\u00eb q\u00eb donin t\u00eb qeverisnin 250000 vendasit. Dora dor\u00ebs q\u00eb kontrolli i ushtruar nga europian\u00ebt forcohej, t\u00eb drejtat dhe lirit\u00eb e afrikan\u00ebve zvog\u00ebloheshin. Hererot dhe popullsit\u00eb e tjera u p\u00ebrzun\u00eb sistematikisht nga tokat e tyre dhe u detyruan t\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb \u201crezervate\u201d.<\/p>\n

Vendasit e njohur fajtor\u00eb se kishin shkelur ligjin nd\u00ebshkoheshin me goditje me kamzhik, nganj\u00ebher\u00eb me varje, nd\u00ebrsa deri dokumentat zyrtare gjermane regjistronin raste t\u00eb shumta ku kolon\u00ebt e bardh\u00eb q\u00eb kishin kryer krime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, si p\u00ebrdhunime dhe vrasje, merrnin d\u00ebnime m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla. Kjo dhun\u00eb e vazhduar, bashk\u00eb me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e kontrollit t\u00eb tokave, kontribuoi t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapej zem\u00ebrimi dhe m\u00ebria midis banor\u00ebve vendas. N\u00eb vitin 1904, t\u00eb drejtuar nga kreu Samuel Maharero, hererot u rebeluan. M\u00eb 12 janar ushtar\u00ebt e tyre me kuaj sulmuan qytetin Okahandja, duke vrar\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 120 persona, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe gjermane. Konflikti u intensifikua me shpejt\u00ebsi. Fillimisht hererot pat\u00ebn sukses dhe arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb ken\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb vendbanimet koloniale e keqmbrojtura, nd\u00ebrsa gjerman\u00ebt kishin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb organizoheshin n\u00ebn drejtimin e guvernatorit Theodor Leutwein. N\u00eb qershorin e 1904 perandori Vilhelm i II em\u00ebroi n\u00eb vendin e Leutwein gjeneralin Lothar von Trotha, q\u00eb ngriti menj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb qeveri ushtarake me objektiv jo paq\u00ebtimin, por shfarosjen. Brenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr hererot u mund\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 11 gusht, nd\u00ebrsa m\u00ebngjesi ngrihej n\u00eb rrafshnalt\u00ebn e Waterberg, 50000 burra, gra e f\u00ebmij\u00eb u zgjuan n\u00eb kasollet e tyre nga t\u00eb sht\u00ebnat e artilieris\u00eb. Burrat vrapuan t\u00eb rr\u00ebmbenin arm\u00ebt, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb prapa krah\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre familjet, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas u masakruan nga 6000 ushtar\u00ebt e Schutztruppe (ushtris\u00eb gjermane n\u00eb kolonit\u00eb afrikane). Edhe pse n\u00eb inferioritet numerik, ushtarak\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb armatosur dhe brenda pak kohe i shpartalluan hererot. N\u00eb fazat e para t\u00eb betej\u00ebs luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt indigjen\u00eb thuajse ja kishin arritur t\u2019i rezistonin artilieris\u00eb gjermane, por von Trotha urdh\u00ebroi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin arm\u00ebt automatike. Bresh\u00ebrit\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb shpejta i zmbraps\u00ebn hererot, duke i vrar\u00eb me mij\u00ebra. T\u00eb mbijetuarit ja mbath\u00ebn drejt lindjes, n\u00eb Omaheke, nj\u00eb rajon i shkret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Kalaharit, mjedis jomikprit\u00ebs dhe pa uj\u00eb. Mij\u00ebra vdiq\u00ebn, shum\u00eb nga etja. T\u00eb tjer\u00ebt u grumbulluan dhe u mbyll\u00ebn n\u00eb kampe p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi, ku u detyruan t\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00ebn pun\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar. \u201cGjyshja ime m\u00eb ka folur p\u00ebr popullin ton\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr arratin\u00eb drejt lindjes. M\u00eb ka treguar sesi vdiq\u00ebn njer\u00ebzit tan\u00eb, p\u00ebr shpron\u00ebsimin e detyruar t\u00eb tokave dhe t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve sht\u00ebpijake dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha vuajtjet e p\u00ebsuara n\u00ebp\u00ebr kampe\u201d, pohon Nguherimo, duke par\u00eb p\u00ebrreth me pamje t\u00eb menduar, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb sistemon dreadlock<\/em> mbi shpatulla. Bari shum\u00eb i bardh\u00eb dim\u00ebror val\u00ebzon n\u00ebp\u00ebr er\u00eb, duke transportuar fjal\u00ebt e tij.<\/p>\n

Arsye t\u00eb kuptueshme<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 500 kilometra nga rrafshnalta e Waterberg, n\u00eb qytetin bregdetar t\u00eb Swakopmund, Anton von Wietersheim, nj\u00eb namibian gjerman i gjenerat\u00ebs s\u00eb tret\u00eb, q\u00ebndron i ulur n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb bukur, me pamje nostalgjikisht europiane. Dielli i hyn n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e ndenjes n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb dritareje t\u00eb madhe. P\u00ebrpara nj\u00eb filxhani me \u00e7aj, von Wietersheim ndan disa kujtime t\u00eb familjes. \u201cPararend\u00ebsi im i par\u00eb q\u00eb erdhi n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn Jugper\u00ebndimore t\u00eb at\u00ebhershme gjermane qe nj\u00eb xhaxha, q\u00eb u vendos n\u00eb nj\u00eb ferm\u00eb n\u00eb Windhoek n\u00eb vitin 1901. Qe nd\u00ebr kolon\u00ebt e par\u00eb q\u00eb u sulmuan gjat\u00eb revolt\u00ebs herero dhe mbeti i vrar\u00eb dit\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb luftimeve, m\u00eb 13 janar 1904. Me shp\u00ebrthimin e luft\u00ebs Perandoria Gjermane d\u00ebrgoi p\u00ebrforcime. Gjyshi im nga n\u00ebna, q\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ishte 19 vje\u00e7ar, erdhi n\u00eb shkurtin e 1904. Luftoi kund\u00ebr hererove dhe namave, i mbijetoi luft\u00ebs dhe mbeti n\u00eb koloni p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar tok\u00ebn\u201d, rr\u00ebfen ai. \u00a0\u201cI kuptohj ar\u00ebsyet e revolt\u00ebs\u201d, vazhdon von Wietersheim. \u201cNj\u00eb v\u00eblla i babait tim nuk e gjente t\u00eb habitshme q\u00eb hererot qen\u00eb rebeluar, pasi u qen\u00eb marr\u00eb tokat dhe treg\u00ebtar\u00ebt qen\u00eb t\u00eb pam\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm. I merrnin kafsh\u00ebt sht\u00ebpijake n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pandershme. Kuptohet pse vendasit qen\u00eb ngritur. Vet\u00ebm q\u00eb n\u00eb fund lufta \u00ebsht\u00eb transformuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje genocidare\u201d. Hererot k\u00ebrkuan t\u00eb riorganizohen gjat\u00eb arratis\u00eb n\u00eb lindje dhe shpresonin se duke rezistuar n\u00eb Waterberg do t\u00eb siguronin fitoren. Gjerman\u00ebt i lejuan q\u00eb t\u2019ia mbathnin n\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00eb, por m\u00eb pas i pozicionuar trupat n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i pengonin t\u00eb shkonin aty.<\/p>\n

Jephta Nguherimo \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur pa e pasur vet\u00ebdijen e plot\u00eb e tmerreve t\u00eb p\u00ebsuar nga st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebrit e tij. Vet\u00ebm kur ka d\u00ebgjuar historin\u00eb e st\u00ebrgjyshes s\u00eb tij dhe t\u00eb arratis\u00eb s\u00eb saj drejt Omaheke s\u00eb that\u00eb ka kuptuar se ka gjetur misionin e tij. \u201cSt\u00ebrgjyshja ime ishte tep\u00ebr e moshuar, e lodhur dhe u braktis. U la t\u00eb vdiste n\u00ebn nj\u00eb pem\u00eb. Vdiq pa dinjitet. Sot dua ta kuptoj jet\u00ebn e saj\u201d, rr\u00ebfen ai. Familjet \u00a0u detyruan n\u00eb zgjedhje t\u00eb pamundura: t\u00eb sakrifikonin nj\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar t\u00eb tjera. Dhimbja e k\u00ebtij vendimi ripasqyrohet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet gjeneratave. Gjat\u00eb arratis\u00eb n\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00eb lufta gjermane kund\u00ebr hererove u tranformua n\u00eb nj\u00eb operacion t\u00eb q\u00ebllimsh\u00ebm spastrimi etnik. Gjenerali von Trotha i urdh\u00ebroi trupat q\u00eb t\u00eb vendosnin nj\u00eb linj\u00eb avampostesh disa qindra kilometra t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i pengonin hererot t\u00eb ktheheshin n\u00eb fermat dhe n\u00eb fshatrat e tyre. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, urdh\u00ebroi t\u00eb bllokohej aksesi ndaj ujit. M\u00eb 3 tetor 1904, pran\u00eb pusit t\u00eb larg\u00ebt n\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00ebn e Osombo zo Windimbe, von Trotha lexoi fam\u00ebkeqin Vernichtungs befehl <\/em>(urdh\u00ebr shfarosjeje): \u201cUn\u00eb, gjenerali i madh i ushtar\u00ebve gjerman\u00eb, i d\u00ebrgoj k\u00ebt\u00eb let\u00ebr hererove. Hererot nuk janb\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00ebnshtetas gjerman\u00eb\u2026 \u00c7do herero q\u00eb gjendet brenda kufijve gjerman\u00eb, i armatosur apo i \u00e7armatosur, me apo pa kafsh\u00eb sht\u00ebpijake, do t\u00eb vritet. Nuk do t\u00eb pranoj m\u00eb gra e f\u00ebmij\u00eb: do t\u2019i rid\u00ebrgoj tek njer\u00ebzit e tyre ose do t\u2019i pushkatoj\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb mbaruar, hererot silleshin v\u00ebrdall\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb vendstrehimeve apo t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb ujit, shum\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave qen\u00eb helmuar apo dyllosur nga gjerman\u00ebt. Vdiq\u00ebn me dhjet\u00ebramij\u00ebra. N\u00eb fund p\u00ebr\u00e7mimi i ngjallur n\u00eb Gjermani nga ky krim kolonial e detyroi perandorin q\u00eb ta urdh\u00ebroj\u00eb von Trotha ta t\u00ebrheq\u00eb urdh\u00ebrin m\u00eb 8 dhjetor 1904. Nga fundi i atij viti namat, q\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht qen\u00eb aleat\u00eb me gjerman\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur tokat e tyre, u kishte ardhur n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb hund\u00ebs nga mizoria e europian\u00ebve. I frik\u00ebsoheshin armiq\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb rritje dhe racizmit t\u00eb hapur t\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00ebve kundrejt tyre. Lideri i tyre, Hendrik Witbooi, n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb 70 vje\u00e7ar, mblodhi nj\u00eb k\u00ebshill pleqsh p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebrmbledhjet e mizorive. Pas k\u00ebsaj i thirri t\u00eb gjith\u00eb namave t\u00eb luftonin kund\u00ebr gjerman\u00ebve. Shum\u00eb klane u p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn, p\u00ebrfshi at\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb lideri tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur, Jacob Morenga. Ushtar\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb luftuan kund\u00ebr t\u00eb nxeh\u00ebtit, etjes dhe tensionit konstant t\u00eb shkaktuar nga inkursionet e namave. Pati rreth 200 inkursione dhe p\u00ebrplasje p\u00ebrpara se Witbooi t\u00eb plagosej p\u00ebr vdekje, n\u00eb fundin e 1905. Kur vdiq, aleanca e drejtuar prej tij u shkri. Namat u vun\u00eb bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb mbijetuarit e fundit herero dhe u d\u00ebrguan n\u00eb kampet e p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit. N\u00eb familjen e aktivistes Ida Hoffmann p\u00ebrcillet nj\u00eb histori e trishtuar: \u201cGjerman\u00ebt vran\u00eb vajz\u00ebn e st\u00ebrgjyshit tim, Sara Snewe\u201d, rr\u00ebfen Ida. \u201cSipas asaj q\u00eb na \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb me rrug\u00eb gojore, ishte shtatzan\u00eb. Gjerman\u00ebt i \u00e7an\u00eb barkun, i nxorr\u00ebn jasht\u00eb fetusin dhe e vran\u00eb me gjak t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb\u201d. Akoma sot pinjojt\u00eb e kujtojn\u00eb Sara Snewe pran\u00eb varrit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nguherimo kujton historin\u00eb e nj\u00eb st\u00ebrgjysheje tjet\u00ebr: \u201cU kap n\u00eb Omaheke pas t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb urdh\u00ebrit t\u00eb shfarosjes dhe u d\u00ebrgua n\u00eb L\u00fcderitz, n\u00eb kampin e Shark Island, ku t\u00eb burgosurit qen\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb punonin n\u00eb kushte skllav\u00ebrie. Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e njer\u00ebzve vdiq, por ajo qe nd\u00ebr t\u00eb paktat q\u00eb mbijetoi\u201d. Nd\u00ebrpret, i menduar: \u201cJa pse sot jam k\u00ebtu\u201d. Shark Island, nj\u00eb gadishull i ngusht\u00eb n\u00eb qytetin e vog\u00ebl portual t\u00eb L\u00fcderitz, priste nj\u00eb prej pes\u00eb kampeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb rajon, m\u00eb fam\u00ebkeqin. K\u00ebtu namat dhe hererot jetonin n\u00eb kushte \u00e7njer\u00ebzore. U nd\u00ebrtuan rifuxho fati me mbulesa, lecka dhe dru t\u00eb transportuara nga lumi p\u00ebr t\u2019u mbrojtur nga er\u00ebrat e akullta dhe mjegullat e ardhura nga Oqeani Atlantik. P\u00ebr t\u00eb ngr\u00ebn\u00eb merr\u00ebnin racione ushqimore t\u00eb vogla dhe nuk kishte sh\u00ebrbime higjenike. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrhapeshin s\u00ebmundjet, sidomos midis f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. Grat\u00eb p\u00ebrdhunoheshin. Shfryt\u00ebzimi seksual i afrikaneve jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb pranohej, por edhe dokumentohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb entuziaste. Shum\u00eb foto pornografike t\u00eb grave b\u00ebheshin\u00a0 kartolina p\u00ebr t\u2019u d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb Gjermani. T\u00eb d\u00ebnuarit m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm dilnin nga kampet p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb port apo n\u00eb hekurudh\u00ebn e af\u00ebrt. Askush nuk e di sakt\u00eb sesa persona ndodheshin n\u00eb ato kampe. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat jan\u00eb t\u00eb paplota apo inekzistente, por flitet p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra t\u00eb vdekur midis hererove dhe namave.<\/p>\n

Kur vizitova Shark Island bashk\u00eb me Jephta Nguherimo, era ishte e fort\u00eb dhe e akullt dhe flak tej shk\u00ebmbinjte mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb kamping. Ajo dit\u00eb ishte boshe, por \u00ebsht\u00eb qartazi n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb turist\u00ebve t\u00eb paditur p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e vendit. Jephta \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm i prekur. Flet me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi: \u201cK\u00ebtu st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebrit e mi u mbajt\u00ebn t\u00eb burgosur. Historian\u00ebt e quajn\u00eb nj\u00eb kamp vekjeje. St\u00ebrgjyshja ime ia doli, por pjesa m\u00eb e madhe njer\u00ebzve vdiq\u00ebn nga uria. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb Auschwit yn\u00eb, Dachau yn\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebto vende ka nj\u00eb kamping? Jo\u201d, thot\u00eb duke treguar vendet p\u00ebrreth. \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vend i shenjt\u00eb. K\u00ebtu vdiq\u00ebn njer\u00ebz dhe mbi ta u kryen eksperimente shkencore. Kishin frik\u00eb t\u00eb shkonin n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn mjek\u00ebsore sepse e dinin se nuk do t\u00eb dilnin t\u00eb gjall\u00eb. I vinin t\u00eb zienin kafkat e njer\u00ebzve, pastaj grat\u00eb duhet t\u00eb hiqnin l\u00ebkur\u00eb dhe ta zhvishnin mishin me cop\u00ebra xhami\u201d. Kryheshin edhe eksperimente t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb tmerrshme. Shum\u00eb t\u00eb burgosur vuanin nga skorbuti, nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje e shkaktuar nga nj\u00eb diet\u00eb e privuar nga ushqime t\u00eb fresk\u00ebta, dhe mjek\u00ebt i injektonin opium, arsenik dhe substanca t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb efekti kishin. Pastaj seksiononin kufomat p\u00ebr t\u2019i studiuar. Kafkat dhe mbetjet e tjera njer\u00ebzore d\u00ebrgoheshin n\u00eb Gjermani, ku p\u00ebrdoreshin n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin e bazuar n\u00eb pseudoshkenc\u00ebn raciste dhe eugjenetike. Shum\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduan n\u00eb Kaiser Wilhelm Institute t\u00eb Berlinit, ku n\u00eb fillimet e viteve \u201840 studioi Josef Mengele, q\u00eb do t\u00eb kryente eksperimente mizore mbi t\u00eb d\u00ebnuarit n\u00eb Auschwitz.<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb u ndodhi afrikan\u00ebve n\u00eb Namibi paralajm\u00ebroi dhunat e holokaustit nazist kund\u00ebr hebrenjve dhe grupeve t\u00eb tjera gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Kujtesa e k\u00ebtyre ngjarjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb e kontestuar, deri n\u00eb Namibi. Tentativat e para p\u00ebr ta dokumentuar genocidin i p\u00ebrkasin vitit 1918, kur autoritetet jugarikane hartuan nj\u00eb raport t\u00eb quajtur Blue book<\/em> (libri blu), pas humbje s\u00eb gjerman\u00ebve n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Unioni Jugafrikan, n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nj\u00eb koloni britanike, e kishte pushtuar kolonin\u00eb gjermane t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs Jugper\u00ebndimore m\u00eb 1915. Fillimisht ishte ndodhur n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi, por brenda pak koh\u00ebsh kishte fituar avantazh ndaj forcave gjermane, q\u00eb qen\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar n\u00eb korrik t\u00eb atij viti. Blue book<\/em> vler\u00ebsoi se kishin vdekur rretj 65000 herero mbi nj\u00eb popullsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme prej 80000 njer\u00ebzve. Viktimat qen\u00eb midis namave kishin qen\u00eb 10000, gjysma e totalit t\u00eb tyre. Disa mendojn\u00eb se k\u00ebto numra jan\u00eb t\u00eb ekzagjeruar, por Nguherimo dhe aktivist\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt\u00eb se ato reale jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta. \u201cGjith\u00ebsesi, \u00e7far\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie kan\u00eb numrat?\u201d, pyet ai. \u201cVeprimet e kryera qen\u00eb n\u00eb vet\u00ebvete akte genocidi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tok\u00eb dhe kujtes\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rreth 120 vite m\u00eb pas pajtimi midis gjerman\u00ebve, hererove dhe namave duket ende larg. N\u00eb Namibi shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e popullsis\u00eb afrikane \u00ebsht\u00eb e varf\u00ebr. N\u00eb periferi t\u00eb qytez\u00ebs turistike t\u00eb Swakopmund, Nguherimo m\u00eb \u00e7on t\u00eb m\u00eb njoh\u00eb me Lourens Ndura n\u00eb nj\u00eb vendbanim t\u00eb keqmbajtur t\u00eb quajtur Drc. Radh\u00eb e radh\u00eb sht\u00ebpish\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruara nga baraka, mbushin hap\u00ebsirat e shkreta. Nuk ka asnj\u00eb vegjetim dhe era rrotullon r\u00ebr\u00ebn n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt e shkreta. Lourens mban veshur nj\u00eb tshirt t\u00eb kuq t\u00eb sindikat\u00ebs, kujtim i koh\u00ebve t\u00eb mira, kur kishte pun\u00eb me koh\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb si zjarrfik\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb minier\u00eb. 10 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb that\u00ebsira dhe uria e kan\u00eb detyruar ta sjell\u00eb familjen n\u00eb Drc dhe jan\u00eb n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb d\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblimeve. \u201cSt\u00ebrgjyshim im u mbyll n\u00eb Shark Island. Gjerman\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb na kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb sepse p\u00ebr ne \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb plag\u00eb prej shum\u00eb, shum\u00eb koh\u00ebsh\u201d, deklaron ai. \u201cVet\u00ebm parat\u00eb mund t\u2019i ndryshojn\u00eb gj\u00ebrat. P\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb toka dhe kafsh\u00eb\u201d. Tregon me nj\u00eb gjest barak\u00ebn prej llamarine, gj\u00ebja e vetme q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u2019i ofroj\u00eb familjes s\u00eb tij. \u201cK\u00ebtu jetojm\u00eb sikur t\u00eb ishim n\u00eb nj\u00eb kamp p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi\u201d. Toka dhe kujtesa jan\u00eb dy fije q\u00eb mbesin thell\u00eb t\u00eb ngulitura p\u00ebr hererot, namat dhe namibian\u00ebt me origjin\u00eb gjermane.<\/p>\n

Nguherimo takon Gerd W\u00f6lbling, nj\u00eb bujk i thjesht\u00eb namibian gjerman q\u00eb posedon nj\u00eb ferm\u00eb prej 15000 hektar\u00ebsh n\u00eb vendin ku u b\u00eb beteja e Waterberg. Familja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb pronare e ferm\u00ebs nga viti 1907 dhe W\u00f6lbling \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur midis hererove. Flet shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm gjuh\u00ebn e tyre. St\u00ebrgjyshi i tij ka pasur 3 f\u00ebmij\u00eb me nj\u00eb grua herero. \u201cQen\u00eb v\u00ebllez\u00ebr dhe motra p\u00ebr baba t\u00eb babait tim. Kemi ende raporte shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngushta\u201d, tregon p\u00ebrpara nj\u00eb kafeje dhe nj\u00eb birre t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb ai dhe Nguherimo jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndar\u00eb kur flitet p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e trazuar e vendit. \u201cCila e kaluar \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme?\u201d, pyet W\u00f6lbling. \u201cHistoria thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb popull ka z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. 100 vite p\u00ebrpara 1907 hererot nuk banonin n\u00eb k\u00ebto zona. Nuk mund t\u2019i riv\u00ebm\u00eb gj\u00ebrat n\u00eb vend duke i rikthyer\u201d. Nguherimo d\u00ebgjon me v\u00ebmendje, nuk e kund\u00ebrshton W\u00f6lbling. \u201cPo mohon se ka ndodhur nj\u00eb genocid?\u201d, e pyet nd\u00ebrsa strehohen nga dielli n\u00ebn nj\u00eb pem\u00eb. W\u00f6lbling ngre duart p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar. \u201cNuk i v\u00eb n\u00eb dyshim vuajtjet e shkaktuara hererove. Kan\u00eb humbur pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb tok\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre dhe, le ta pranojm\u00eb, edhe gjysm\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre\u201d. ama mohon faktin q\u00eb ka ndodhur nj\u00eb genocid. \u201cNuk ishte q\u00ebllimi dhe, sipas meje, lidhja me holokaustin \u00ebsht\u00eb e tepruar\u201d. Por n\u00eb vitin 1985 raporti Whitaker i Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara e klasifikoi si genocid at\u00eb t\u00eb hererove dhe t\u00eb namave. N\u00eb majin e 2021 edhe qeveria gjermane e njohur formalisht. N\u00eb nj\u00eb deklarat\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt me Namibin\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb impenjuar t\u2019i derdh\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Windhoek 1.1 miliard euro n\u00eb 30 vitet e ardhshme, me kusht q\u00eb t\u00eb shpenzohen n\u00eb zonat ku sot jetojn\u00eb pinjojt\u00eb e viktimave.<\/p>\n

B\u00ebrja e hesapeve<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguherimo dhe Ida Hoffmann jan\u00eb t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjyer nga marr\u00ebveshja. \u201cNegociatat, praktikisht unilaterale, t\u00eb kryera mga qeveria namibiane me at\u00eb gjermane jan\u00eb dhe mbesin t\u00eb papranueshme\u201d, thot\u00eb Hoffmann. Marr\u00ebveshja ka ngjallur shum\u00eb pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi. Aktivist\u00ebt nama dhe herero kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar nj\u00eb rinegociim, p\u00ebr t\u00eb destinuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb fonde komuniteteve t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuara. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, duan t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb diskutime. N\u00eb realitet asnj\u00eb prej dy qeverive nuk e ka firmosur marr\u00ebveshjen. Ajo namibiane ka propozuar negociata t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme, por parlamenti gjerman ia ka refuzuar k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn dhe nuk ka sinjale p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb ng\u00ebr\u00e7it. \u201cDuket\u201d, v\u00ebren Nguherimo, \u201cse qeveria namibiane po merr pjes\u00eb s\u00ebrish n\u00eb traktativa sekrete, pavar\u00ebsisht se njer\u00ebzit kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar publikisht p\u00ebrfshirjen e lider\u00ebve t\u00eb komunitetit\u201d. Shum\u00eb herero dhe nama konsiderojn\u00eb se partia n\u00eb qeverisje, South West Africa People Organization (SWAPO), nuk i ka p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e duhur, pasi baza e konsensusit t\u00eb saj m\u00eb e fort\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb midis ovambove, popullsia me origjin\u00eb nga veriu i vendit. Qeveria thekson se \u00ebsht\u00eb z\u00ebri i t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve dhe se nuk mund ta kufizoj\u00eb miratimin e marr\u00ebveshjes vet\u00ebm me hererot e namat. Phanuel Kaapama, nj\u00eb prej njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb kan\u00eb kryer negociatat p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb, ka referuar se p\u00ebr momentin \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillim \u201cnj\u00eb proces konsultimesh t\u00eb brendshme p\u00ebr ta forcuar konsensusin\u201d. Ruprecht Polenz, i D\u00ebrguari Special i qeveris\u00eb gjermane, i \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjur n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet emailit se nga maji i 2021 \u201cn\u00eb Namibi po flitet p\u00ebr deklarat\u00ebn e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, e konsideruar e diskutueshme. Qeveria federale po e ndjek debatin dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb rezultatit\u201d. N\u00eb Waterberg, Nguherimo ulet n\u00eb gjunj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb grumbulluar nj\u00eb grusht r\u00ebr\u00eb. E vendos pak n\u00eb goj\u00eb p\u00ebr ta bekuar, sipas tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebsuar nga gjyshja, dhe hedh posht\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Q\u00ebndron n\u00eb heshtje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, pastaj ngrihet me ngadal\u00eb. \u201cPo i b\u00ebj homazh, e di se st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebrit e mi kan\u00eb k\u00ebtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb na th\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i kujtojm\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb k\u00ebto vende\u201d.<\/p>\n

I ka syt\u00eb me lot. Shesh n\u00eb heshtje panoram\u00ebn n\u00ebn diellin e m\u00ebngjesit. Ngadal\u00eb nis t\u00eb flas\u00eb me z\u00ebrin e tij prej poeti. \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen hesapet me fatin. Gjerman\u00ebt q\u00eb na kan\u00eb mundur i posedojn\u00eb k\u00ebto hap\u00ebsira. Kan\u00eb bler\u00eb tok\u00ebn, por nga kush? Do t\u00eb luftojm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur d\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblime dhe dinjitet. Jemi mundur, por jemi ende t\u00eb fort\u00eb. Nj\u00eb dit\u00eb do ta rikemi tok\u00ebn ton\u00eb, tokat tona st\u00ebrgjyshore duhet t\u00eb ndahen me ne. Ky vend. K\u00ebto pem\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka m\u00eb flet, pik\u00ebrisht tani. N\u00eb er\u00eb ndjej shpirt\u00ebrat q\u00eb m\u00eb thon\u00eb: \u201cTrego historin\u00eb\u201d. Ndjej energjin\u00eb e kujt ka vdekur, er\u00ebn\u00eb e kujt nuk ka pasur varr, er\u00ebn e rezistenc\u00ebs, zogjt\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebndojn\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka m\u00eb thot\u00eb di\u00e7ka n\u00ebse e d\u00ebgjoj me v\u00ebmendje\u201d. \u201cNuk ndjej zem\u00ebrim, por ndjej shpirtin tim\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht t\u00eb lidhur me at\u00eb t\u00eb st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebrve t\u00eb mi. Nuk i sh\u00ebrben asgj\u00ebje t\u00eb qenit i zem\u00ebruar\u201d, konkludon ai. \u201cJam i nderuar q\u00eb mund t\u00eb flas me ta\u201d.<\/p>\n

(Hamilton Wende p\u00ebr Al Jazeera<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb par\u00eb trupat koloniale gjermane kryen nj\u00eb genocid n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. Trash\u00ebgimtar\u00ebt e viktimave sot k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblim t\u00eb drejt\u00eb. Hijet e zgjatura t\u00eb pem\u00ebve t\u00eb akacies shtrihen mbi barin e that\u00eb. Midis deg\u00ebve fryn nj\u00eb fllad i dridhsh\u00ebm dim\u00ebror. Mezi i shp\u00ebtuar nga dielli aktivisti namibian 59 vje\u00e7ar Jephta Nguherimo, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":31369,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31368"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31368"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31368\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}