Sipas studimeve t\u00eb ekpsert\u00ebve ekonomik\u00eb, q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria sociale dhe financiare e sistemit t\u00eb pensioneve mbetet e pambrojtur. Ajo vuan nga nj\u00eb deficit i lart\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb financiarisht t\u00eb ndaluar. Si rezultat, \u00e7do qeveri q\u00eb ka drejtuar vendin n\u00eb k\u00ebto koh\u00eb tranzicioni \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb financimin e skem\u00ebs nga buxheti i shtetit.<\/p>\n
S\u00eb dyti, <\/strong>skema ofron p\u00ebrfitime m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta p\u00ebr disa kategori. Mb\u00ebshtetja e pensionit nuk mjafton p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar me kushte dhe dinjitet specifik. Shuma e pensionit p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e p\u00ebrfituesve \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn nivelin e duhur p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur nevojat baz\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs.<\/p>\n S\u00eb treti, <\/strong>skema karakterizohet nga theksimi i elementeve t\u00eb padrejt\u00ebsis\u00eb sepse disa grupe p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb kontribute shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta dhe kontribuojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, edhe pse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb moshuarit mbulohen nga skema fal\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e komunizmit, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb pune sot nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e siguruar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe informalitetit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. Papun\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor q\u00eb ndikon sistemin e pensioneve sepse nj\u00eb i papun\u00eb nuk arrin t\u00eb mbuloj\u00eb kontributet e tij.<\/p>\n Informaliteti \u00ebsht\u00eb aspekt q\u00eb c\u00ebnon mir\u00ebfunksionimin e skem\u00ebs s\u00eb pensioneve, sepse dikush q\u00eb punon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paligjshme, nuk krijon fonde t\u00eb mjaftueshme kontributesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur vitet e pensionit. Kjo ka p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrmjet kontribuesve dhe p\u00ebrfituesve, duke krijuar nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb negative p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen, ku shum\u00eb t\u00eb moshuar nuk do t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb marrin pension.<\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, sistemi shqiptar i pensioneve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb balancoj\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e p\u00ebrfitimeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar shpenzimet, aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr kur kemi parasysh faktorin e plakjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n Vler\u00ebsimet p\u00ebr projeksionet e popullsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen tregojn\u00eb se numri i njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb mosh\u00eb madhore do t\u00eb rritet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb krahasuar me nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n Pra, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb kemi m\u00eb pak financime nga kontribuesit n\u00eb skem\u00eb, nga ana tjet\u00ebr ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb pension. Duke marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb pikat e lartp\u00ebrmendura, \u00ebsht\u00eb evidente se nj\u00eb nga m\u00ebnyrat p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemet e sjella nga skema e pensioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet miratimit dhe promovimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb skema private t\u00eb pensioneve.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb kjo skem\u00eb, si pasoj\u00eb e shum\u00eb faktor\u00ebve, ende nuk ka njohur zhvillimin e duhur duke v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb adresimin dhe zgjidhjen e problemit t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb pensioneve.<\/p>\n Sfidat me t\u00eb cilat po p\u00ebrballet skema aktuale e pensioneve<\/strong><\/p>\n Mosha e daljes n\u00eb pension p\u00ebr femrat dhe meshkujt<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket femrave, rritja e mosh\u00ebs ka filluar nga 1 janari 2015 dhe do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb 2056. Kjo rritje pritet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 2 muaj \u00e7do vit. Me rritjen graduale parashikohet q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2056, nj\u00eb fem\u00ebr do t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb pension n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 67 vje\u00e7. P\u00ebr meshkujt q\u00eb aktualisht dalin n\u00eb pension n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 65, mendohet nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr plan p\u00ebr rritjen graduale t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb daljes n\u00eb pension t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n Deri n\u00eb vitin 2032, p\u00ebr meshkujt p\u00ebrfitimi I pensionit t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs nuk do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb asnj\u00eb muaj. N\u00eb vitin 2033, nj\u00eb mashkull do t\u00eb filloj\u00eb duke dalur n\u00eb pension n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 65 vje\u00e7 e 1 muaj.<\/p>\n Kjo skem\u00eb do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb vitin 2056, kur nj\u00eb burr\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 67 vje\u00e7 p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pensionin e pensionit. Pra, n\u00eb vitin 2056, mosha e daljes n\u00eb pension do t\u00eb barazohet si p\u00ebr meshkujt ashtu edhe p\u00ebr femrat.<\/p>\n Vitet e Kontributeve<\/strong><\/p>\n Me skem\u00ebn ekzistuese, 35 vite sigurime shoq\u00ebrore nevojiten si kontribute p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb pensionit nd\u00ebrsa periudha minimale p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar pensionin \u00ebsht\u00eb 15 vite.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar pensionin e plot\u00eb, nj\u00eb person p\u00ebrve\u00e7 kriterit t\u00eb plot\u00ebsimit t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs, duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb 35 vite pun\u00eb me sigurime t\u00eb paguara. N\u00ebse vitet e pun\u00ebs nuk plot\u00ebsohen, at\u00ebher\u00eb personat nuk plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb pension t\u00eb plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare tregojn\u00eb se nga viti n\u00eb vit, pensionist\u00ebt e rinj nuk arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushin kriterin e viteve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Vitin e kaluar personat q\u00eb dol\u00ebn n\u00eb pension kishin punuar me sigurime mesatarisht 28 vite ose 7 vite m\u00eb pak, se kriteri ligjor 35 vite p\u00ebr pension t\u00eb plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n Plakja e popull\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe tkurrja e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb pune<\/strong><\/p>\n Numri i t\u00eb moshuarve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri pritet t\u00eb rritet m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dyfish, n\u00eb 25% n\u00eb 2050. Tet\u00eb vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 2014, nj\u00eb n\u00eb tet\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb ishte mbi 65 vje\u00e7, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitin 2050 pritet q\u00eb dy n\u00eb tet\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb do t\u00eb jen\u00eb mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb mosh\u00eb.<\/p>\n Shqip\u00ebria, bashk\u00eb m\u00eb disa vende t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Lindore \u00ebsht\u00eb e ekspozuar nga fenomeni i plakjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb vetvete sjell r\u00ebnien e numrit t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve dhe kontributeve n\u00eb skemat e pensioneve, por edhe nga informaliteti i lart\u00eb i pun\u00ebs q\u00eb gjithashtu p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebson deficitin.<\/p>\n Popullsia n\u00eb mosh\u00eb pune, e cila financon p\u00ebrfitimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuarit, po tkurret dita dit\u00ebs. Shqip\u00ebria pritet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb tkurrje t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00eb pune prej 14% n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 2010-2050.<\/p>\n Raporti Kontribues\/P\u00ebrfitues<\/strong><\/p>\n Sipas audimit t\u00eb zhvilluar nga Kontrolli i Lart\u00eb i Shtetit (KLSH) \u00ebsht\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar se shkalla e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit (pension mesatar\/contribute mesatare) \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e ul\u00ebt, duke nxitur informalitetin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim.<\/p>\n Megjith\u00ebse niveli i kontributeve nuk ka ndryshuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, paga minimale dhe maksimale q\u00eb nga viti 2014 jan\u00eb rritur p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht me rreth 65% dhe 45%, duke sjellur p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb q\u00eb rritja e t\u00eb ardhurave kontributeve t\u00eb jet\u00eb kryesisht nga rritja e pag\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Nga auditimi ka rezultuar se:<\/strong><\/p>\n – mungon strategjia p\u00ebr zhvillimin e sistemit t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore n\u00eb periudh\u00eb afatmesme dhe afatgjat\u00eb;<\/p>\n – legjislacioni p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar me ndryshime t\u00eb shumta (deri m\u00eb tani 22 her\u00eb) pa arritur reformimin e sistemit dhe zgjidhjen e problematikave t\u00eb tij: financimi buxhetor ka ardhur duke u rritur nga viti n\u00eb vit;<\/p>\n – ka nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb kontribuesve, dhe kjo kryesisht n\u00eb sektorin publik, nd\u00ebrsa \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb ulje numri i t\u00eb siguruarve t\u00eb vet\u00ebpun\u00ebsuar n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi;<\/p>\n – ka tendenc\u00eb n\u00eb rritje numri i p\u00ebrfituesve (pensionist\u00ebve), duke e mbajtur shkall\u00ebn e vart\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sistemit n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ul\u00ebta 1 kontribuues p\u00ebr 1.42 p\u00ebrfitues.<\/p>\n Pensioni i tavanit dhe i dyshemes\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Skema p\u00ebrcakton nj\u00eb pension dysheme, i cili synon t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb minimum jetese, pavar\u00ebsisht se sa \u00ebsht\u00eb kontributi, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb pensioni tavan \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr. Heqja e tavanit t\u00eb pensionit maksimal, pritet t\u00eb ul\u00eb kontributin evazionit. Ai synon t’u lejoj\u00eb individ\u00ebve mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vendosin vet\u00eb shum\u00ebn e pensionit q\u00eb duan t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n N\u00eb skem\u00ebn e re, \u00e7do vit pune njihet si 1%, me t\u00eb cilin baza e vler\u00ebsueshme \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00ebfishuar, ku kjo i referohet pagave reale.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar pension t\u00eb plot\u00eb pleq\u00ebrie, sipas Ligjit t\u00eb Sigurimeve duhen jo m\u00eb pak se 35 vite sigurimi, p\u00ebr personat t\u00eb cil\u00ebve e drejta p\u00ebr pension u ka lindur deri m\u00eb 31 Dhjetor 2014. Ky pension nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 13,753 lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, nd\u00ebrsa pensioni maksimal nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dyfishi i pensionit minimal ose 27,506 lek\u00eb.<\/p>\n Indeksimi i pensioneve<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00eb llogaritjen fillestare t\u00eb pensioneve p\u00ebrdoren koeficient\u00ebt e indeksimit. Koeficient\u00ebt mund t\u00eb konsiderohen si \u201cfaktor\u00eb interesi\u201d, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nj\u00eb pag\u00eb shkon n\u00eb kushtet e m\u00ebparshme ekonomike.<\/p>\n Indeksimi i pensioneve b\u00ebhet sipas procedurave dhe koeficienti I indeksimit n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb vitit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb rillogaritur pensionin, baza e vler\u00ebsuar \u00ebsht\u00eb rillogaritur.<\/p>\n P\u00ebrve\u00e7 pensioneve, qeveria indekson pagat \u00e7do vit p\u00ebr efektin e llogaritjes s\u00eb pensioneve.<\/p>\n Sipas raportimeve nga Drejtoria e P\u00ebrgjithshme e Tatimeve, stoku I borxhit p\u00ebr sigurimet e papaguara shoq\u00ebrore arriti n\u00eb 17,7 miliard\u00eb (144 mln euro) n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2021 me nj\u00eb zgjerim 4.1% n\u00eb raport me fundin e vitit 2020.<\/p>\n Nga viti 2018 n\u00eb vitin 2021, borxhi ndaj sigurimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjeruar me 3,9 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb, rreth 28.8%. Detyrimet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb z\u00eb mjaft sensitiv, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se po rriten me shpejt\u00ebsi, rrezikojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb nj\u00eb plag\u00eb e thell\u00eb sociale n\u00eb vitet n\u00eb vijim, pasi do t\u00eb privoj\u00eb punonj\u00ebsit e sot\u00ebm nga pensioni i nes\u00ebrm.<\/p>\n N\u00ebse kjo shum\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte derdhur n\u00eb ark\u00ebn e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore, do t\u00eb ishte e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr indeksimin e pensioneve me inflacionin s\u00eb paku p\u00ebr pes\u00eb vitet n\u00eb vijim.<\/p>\n Numri i debitor\u00ebve dhe shuma e detyrimeve t\u00eb papaguara ndaj sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore po rritet ndjesh\u00ebm nga viti n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n T\u00eb ardhurat dhe shpenzimet<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00eb ardhurat nga kontributet sh\u00ebnuan rritje me 13.6 % n\u00eb 2021 dhe shpenzimet u rrit\u00ebn me 10.5%, p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb deficiti i skem\u00ebs u thellua dhe subvencioni nga buxheti i shtetit u rrit.<\/p>\n Financimi i skem\u00ebs publike t\u00eb pensioneve nga buxheti i shtetit gjat\u00eb vitit 2021 ishte 53 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb me nj\u00eb rritje vjetore 5%, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga Ministria e Financave.<\/p>\n Sipas auditimit t\u00eb KLSH-s\u00eb, krahasuar edhe me vendet e rajonit, vijon t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave nga kontributet shoq\u00ebrore, n\u00eb raport me prodhimin e brendsh\u00ebm bruto (PBB) prej 5.4% n\u00eb vitin 2021. Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm i subjekteve debitor\u00eb prej 103,628 nj\u00ebsi (kryesisht t\u00eb biznesit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl rreth 75%), si dhe ndryshimet e gj\u00ebra t\u00eb ligjit n\u00eb 2014 nuk i kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb zgjidhje problematikave t\u00eb skem\u00ebs s\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, duke i shkaktuar pasoja kontribuesve n\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimin e pensioneve.<\/p>\n N\u00eb kushtet aktuale, KLSH-ja ka rekomanduar q\u00eb Instituti i Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Ministrin\u00eb e Financave dhe Ekonomis\u00eb t\u00eb hartoj\u00eb Strategjin\u00eb e zhvillimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore, me q\u00ebllim arritjen e konsolidimit t\u00eb skem\u00ebs, si dhe t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb rritjen e performanc\u00ebs n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb reforme t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme q\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjigjet problematikave t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n Struktura e kontribuesve<\/strong><\/p>\n Kontribuesit krysore t\u00eb skem\u00ebs s\u00eb pensioneve jan\u00eb firmat private me 47.3%, ndjekur nga nd\u00ebrmarrjet buxhetore me 18.1% dhe nga t\u00eb vet\u00ebpun\u00ebsuarit me 17.2%. Ata q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak jan\u00eb grupet vullnetare me 0.8%.<\/p>\n Struktura e Pensioneve urbane<\/strong><\/p>\n Pensionet urbane n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen kryesisht nga pensionet e pleq\u00ebris\u00eb me 81.2%, ndjekur nga pensionet e invaliditetit me 11%, si dhe pensionet familjare me 7.8%.<\/p>\n Detyrimet<\/strong><\/p>\n Kontrolli i Lart\u00eb i Shtetit pas nj\u00eb inspektimi n\u00eb skem\u00ebn publike t\u00eb pensioneve gjeti se, rritja e detyrimeve n\u00eb vitin 2020 ishte sa 75% e deficitit t\u00eb skem\u00ebs s\u00eb pensionit t\u00eb qytetit me nj\u00eb zgjerim 5%, n\u00eb krahasim me vitin 2019.<\/p>\n T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tregojn\u00eb se 94% e detyrimeve ndaj ISSH-s\u00eb zot\u00ebrohen nga sektori privat dhe kryesisht biznesi i madh me mbi 63% t\u00eb shum\u00ebs dhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr nga biznesi i vog\u00ebl. Entet publike zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb rreth 6% t\u00eb totalit t\u00eb detyrimeve.<\/p>\n Detyrimet e akumuluara, t\u00eb cilat duhet t\u00eb shkonin p\u00ebr llogari t\u00eb ark\u00ebs s\u00eb Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore kan\u00eb krijuar efekte negative t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta. N\u00eb kushtet e mospages\u00ebs s\u00eb sigurimeve, buxheti I shtetit duhet t\u00eb subvencionoj\u00eb nga taksat e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta skem\u00ebn e pensioneve p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer pagesat p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfituesit aktual\u00eb.<\/p>\n Alternativa, Fondet Private<\/strong><\/p>\n Tregu i pensioneve vullnetare, me gjith\u00eb problematik\u00ebn, paraqitet n\u00eb faz\u00ebn zhvillimore t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga Autoriteti i Mbik\u00ebqyrjes Financiare, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb muajit shtator pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 36 mij\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb ishin t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsuar n\u00eb k\u00ebto fonde.<\/p>\n Fondet jan\u00eb zgjeruar me af\u00ebrsisht 900 an\u00ebtar\u00eb gjat\u00eb tremujorit t\u00eb tret\u00eb dhe me 2400 t\u00eb till\u00eb q\u00eb nga fillimi i vitit.<\/p>\n Vlera neto e aseteve t\u00eb tregut n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shtatorit arriti n\u00eb 5.45 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb ose rreth 46.5 milion\u00eb euro, n\u00eb rritje me 19% q\u00eb nga fillimi i vitit 2022.<\/p>\n Asetet e fondeve t\u00eb pensionit jan\u00eb t\u00eb investuara t\u00eb gjitha n\u00eb bono dhe obligacione t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb shqiptare.<\/p>\n Sipas vler\u00ebs s\u00eb aseteve, fondi m\u00eb i madh \u00ebsht\u00eb Fondi i Pensioneve Vullnetare SIGAL me 44.2% t\u00eb tregut.<\/p>\n Fondet private t\u00eb pensioneve jan\u00eb promovuar kryesisht nga pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit, n\u00eb form\u00ebn e skemave profesionale si benefite p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit, por n\u00eb vitet e fundit ka nj\u00eb shtim t\u00eb interesit edhe nga kontribues t\u00eb pavarur individual\u00eb.<\/p>\n Kjo tregon nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimit rreth nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb mbrojtje financiare n\u00eb pleq\u00ebri dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur var\u00ebsin\u00eb nga skema e detyrueshme baz\u00eb e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n Parlamenti pritet t\u00eb miratoj\u00eb ligjin e ri p\u00ebr Fondet Private t\u00eb Pensioneve, q\u00eb synon t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb incentivat fiskale dhe t\u2019i b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebto fonde m\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse p\u00ebr publikun. Ligji i ri pritet t\u00eb rris\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimin e kontributeve prej tatimit mbi t\u00eb ardhurat deri n\u00eb vler\u00ebn e pag\u00ebs minimale mujore, si p\u00ebr pun\u00ebmarr\u00ebsin, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsin. Vlera e kontributeve do t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohet nga tatimi n\u00eb momentin e p\u00ebrfitimit si dhe pensioni privat do t\u00eb tatohet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn e kthimit nga investimi t\u00eb kontributeve t\u00eb akumuluara. Megjithat\u00eb, drejtuesit e fondeve mendojn\u00eb se e vetmja m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb masivizuar pjes\u00ebmarrjen e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb k\u00ebto fonde do t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrfshirja e tyre si kolon\u00eb integrale e sistemit t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb pensioneve.<\/p>\n Sipas ekspert\u00ebve n\u00eb Institutin e Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore, mosplot\u00ebsimi i viteve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs nga gjeneratat e reja t\u00eb pensionist\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb reflektim i problematikave t\u00eb tranzicionit, si emigracioni dhe informaliteti n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Vitet e fundit numri i emigrant\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb pension \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur. Duke qen\u00eb se shumica e tyre jan\u00eb larguar n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb tranzicionit, ata arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb kushtet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitim t\u00eb pensionit minimal me 15 vite t\u00eb siguruara. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e atyre q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri nuk arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushin k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn ligjore p\u00ebr pension t\u00eb plot\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak se, shpesh kan\u00eb punuar n\u00eb informalitet dhe nuk i kan\u00eb paguar rregullisht sigurimet shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr k\u00ebto arsye, pensionet e reja t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb vit pas viti po vijn\u00eb me ulje.<\/p>\n T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare t\u00eb Institutit t\u00eb Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore tregojn\u00eb se, pagesa mesatare p\u00ebr pensionet e reja q\u00eb u lidh\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 2021 ishte 14,652 lek\u00eb, n\u00eb r\u00ebnie me 2.5% krahasuar me vitin 2020.<\/p>\n Q\u00eb nga aplikimi i reform\u00ebs, periudha mesatare kontributive p\u00ebr pensionet e reja t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb ka p\u00ebsuar r\u00ebnie t\u00eb ndjeshme. P.sh., n\u00eb vitin 2015, pensionist\u00ebt q\u00eb dol\u00ebn at\u00eb vit n\u00eb pension kishin derdhur contribute af\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr 32.3 vite pune, nd\u00ebrsa ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb pension n\u00eb vitin 2020 kan\u00eb paguar kontribute p\u00ebr 29.4 vite pune, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave zyrtare nga instituti I Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n N\u00eb harkun e pes\u00eb viteve, mosha mesatare kontributive p\u00ebr pensionet e reja ka r\u00ebn\u00eb af\u00ebrisht me 5 vite. Shumica e sistemeve t\u00eb sigurimit t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb sot jan\u00eb t\u00eb qeverisura n\u00eb m\u00ebnyre publike dhe paguajn\u00eb \u201cp\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara\u201d n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb formulave q\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb pagat e punonj\u00ebsve, vitet e sh\u00ebrbimit etj. duke u financuar nga kontributet e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve aktual\u00eb, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit PAYG. K\u00ebto sisteme ekzistuese, jo gjithnj\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pranueshme pensionist\u00ebt e sot\u00ebm, si dhe ata q\u00eb do t\u00eb moshohen n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/p>\n Gjetjet dhe Rekomandime:<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00ebshtu do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem me p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje tre kolon\u00ebshe.<\/p>\n Edhe ekspert\u00ebt e fush\u00ebs jan\u00eb shprehur vazhdimisht se nevojiten nd\u00ebrhyrje n\u00eb sistemin e pensioneve dhe ofrimi i formave alternative midis sistemit shtet\u00ebror dhe atij privat, i cili do t\u00eb gjeneronte pensione m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt.<\/p>\n I k\u00ebtij mendimi \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe Elvis Ponari, CEO i Fondit t\u00eb Pensioneve Vullnetare SIGAL, nj\u00ebherazi edhe Kryetar i Shoqat\u00ebs s\u00eb Siguruesve t\u00eb Jet\u00ebs, Pensioneve dhe Fondeve t\u00eb Investimeve.<\/p>\n \u201cN\u00eb bot\u00eb, n\u00eb Europ\u00eb. E ke edhe n\u00eb Maqedoni. Ti do marr\u00ebsh 20% nga ISSH, 20% nga Kolona e Dyt\u00eb, pension nga pun\u00ebsimi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb skem\u00eb suplementare dhe 20% nga Kolona e Tret\u00eb ose Pensioni Vullnetar. Q\u00eb kur t\u00eb dal\u00ebsh n\u00eb pension t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 60% t\u00eb pag\u00ebs t\u00ebnde t\u00eb fundit\u201d,<\/em> shprehet nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera Ponari.<\/p>\n Sipas ekspert\u00ebve, vendet e zhvilluara, p\u00ebrfshi k\u00ebtu nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb rajonit t\u00eb Ballkanit, e kan\u00eb zgjidhur problemin e pensioneve me nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim shtet-privat, q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton v\u00ebnien n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb Kolon\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb.<\/p>\n Benefitet e \u201cKolon\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cKolona e Dyt\u00eb\u201d<\/strong> ose pension nga pun\u00ebsimi si\u00e7 e quajm\u00eb ne, nuk ndryshon asgj\u00eb.\u00a0 Qytetar\u00ebt do vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb nj\u00eblloj si\u00e7 b\u00ebjn\u00eb edhe tani. Vet\u00ebm se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast 3% q\u00eb i hiqet skem\u00ebs shtet\u00ebrore (21,4%) paguhet n\u00eb 4 Fondet e Pensionit Privat q\u00eb operojn\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/p>\n \u201cKolona e Dyt\u00eb\u201d<\/strong> ka efekt social pasi qytetar\u00ebt do t\u00eb ken\u00eb dy pensione ose rroga n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn e l\u00ebnies s\u00eb pun\u00ebs.\u00a0 Nj\u00eb nga skema shtet\u00ebrore dhe nj\u00eb nga ajo private. Pra, kjo p\u00ebrkthehet n\u00eb nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb larta pensioni p\u00ebr \u00e7do qytetar.<\/p>\n \u201cKolona e Dyt\u00eb\u201d<\/strong> ndihmon edhe luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr evazionit pasi \u00e7dokush do t\u00eb deklaroj\u00eb pag\u00ebn e plot\u00eb pasi do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb edhe 3%-in e skem\u00ebs private.\u00a0 Shum\u00eb qytetar\u00eb do t\u00eb duan t\u00eb futen n\u00eb skem\u00eb dhe kjo do t\u00eb ul\u00eb automatikisht edhe \u201cpun\u00ebsimin n\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb\u201d, si\u00e7 e quajm\u00eb r\u00ebndom. Pra, ndihmon vendin ekonomisht dhe shtetin p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur informalitetin.<\/p>\n \u201cKolona e Dyt\u00eb\u201d<\/strong> ka efekt pozitiv p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb pasi parat\u00eb tani jan\u00eb investuar n\u00eb obligacione shtet\u00ebrore dhe n\u00ebse shteti shpenzon fitojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Rritet besimi te shteti\u2026<\/p>\n 5 arsyet pse duhet t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb Fond Pensioni Vullnetar:<\/strong><\/p>\n 1- Kursimet rriten me interesa t\u00eb larta<\/p>\n 2- Pensioni vullnetar n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb kontributeve tuaja mud t\u00eb jet\u00eb me i lart\u00eb se pensioni q\u00eb do t\u00eb merrni nga pun\u00ebsimi<\/p>\n 3- \u00cbsht\u00eb i trash\u00ebguesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rast fatkeq\u00ebsie si humbja e jet\u00ebs<\/p>\n 4- Niveli jetes\u00ebs rritet pasi ju do t\u00eb keni 2 pensione, nj\u00eb nga pun\u00ebsimi dhe nj\u00eb vullnetar.<\/p>\n 5- P\u00ebrfitimi fiskal pasi kontributet n\u00eb fond nuk vlersohen si t\u00eb ardhura personale, pra taksat q\u00eb paguajm\u00eb p\u00ebrllogariten vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn e mbetur t\u00eb pag\u00ebs bruto.<\/p>\n Mos prisni m\u00eb! Vitet kalojn\u00eb shpejt dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb patur nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb qet\u00eb financiarisht, duhet menduar sa m\u00eb her\u00ebt.<\/p>\n Gjetjet n\u00eb artikull jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb Organizat\u00ebs \u201cQ\u00ebndresa Qytetare\u201d dhe \u201cNational Endowment for Democracy\u201d mbi skem\u00ebn e pensioneve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, problematikat q\u00eb e shoq\u00ebrojn\u00eb dhe projeksionet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fjala “pension” n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb fluks pagesash p\u00ebr sigurimin e t\u00eb ardhurave q\u00eb fillojn\u00eb kur nj\u00eb individ del n\u00eb pension derisa t\u00eb shk\u00ebputet zinxhiri i jet\u00ebs. Sistemi i pensioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar si skic\u00eb ose nj\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje kushtesh ligjore, monetare dhe financiare q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton rregullat dhe kriteret p\u00ebr funksionimin e tij, ku individ\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb arritur mosh\u00ebn …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":31131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31125"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31125"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31125\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/foltore.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-9-300x208.jpg\")
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