Asnj\u00eb vend nuk e ka sfiduar me sukses hegjemonin\u00eb globale t\u00eb dollarit amerikan m\u00eb par\u00eb. Kritik\u00ebt e huaj e kan\u00eb stigmatizuar \u201cprivilegjin marramend\u00ebs\u201d q\u00eb ka dollari amerikan si valut\u00eb e rezerv\u00ebs globale. Shtetet e Bashkuara mund ta emetojn\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nga asgj tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7se nga \u201cbesimi plot\u00eb dhe kredia e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara\u201d. Qeverit\u00eb e huaja, duke pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr dollar\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb i pranojn\u00eb n\u00eb treg\u00ebti, por blejn\u00eb tituj amerikan\u00eb, duke financuar me efikasitet qeverin\u00eb amerikane dhe luft\u00ebrat e saj. Por asnj\u00eb qeveri nuk ka qen\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm e fuqishme sa ta prish\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje deri m\u00eb tani. \u00c7far\u00eb ka ndodhur dhe \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb kjo p\u00ebr Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe ekonomit\u00eb globale?<\/p>\n
Ngjitja dhe r\u00ebnia e petrodollarit <\/strong><\/p>\n Mbi t\u00eb gjitha, paksa histori: dollari amerikan \u00ebsht\u00eb adoptuar si valut\u00eb e rezerv\u00ebs globale n\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn e Bretton Woods n\u00eb 1944, kur dollari mb\u00ebshtetej akoma prej arit n\u00eb tregjet globale. Marr\u00ebveshja parashikonte q\u00eb ari dhe dollari do t\u00eb pranoheshin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrk\u00ebmbyeshme si rezerva globale, dollar\u00ebt do t\u00eb konvertoheshin n\u00eb ar sipas k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs me 35 dollar\u00eb onci. P\u00ebrqindjet e k\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb valutave t\u00eb tjera jan\u00eb fiksuar respektivisht dollarit. Por kjo marr\u00ebveshje \u00ebsht\u00eb prishur pasi q\u00eb politika \u201cguns and butter\u201d e presidentit Lyndon Johnson ka thar\u00eb arkat e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara duke financuar si luft\u00ebn n\u00eb Vietnam, ashtu edhe programet sociale \u201cGreat Society\u201d t\u00eb tij brenda. Presidenti francez Charles de Gaulle, duke dyshuar se Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara po u mbaronin parat\u00eb, ndryshoi pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb dollar\u00ebve francez\u00eb n\u00eb ar. Vende t\u00eb tjera ndoq\u00ebn shembullin e tij apo k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuan q\u00eb ta b\u00ebnin.<\/p>\n N\u00eb 1971, presidenti Richard Nixon i dha fund konvertueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb dollarit n\u00eb ar n\u00eb nivel nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar (e njohur si \u201cmbyllje e dritares s\u00eb arit\u201d), me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb shmangej tharja e rezervave amerikane t\u00eb arit. Vlera e dollarit m\u00eb pas ra krahasuar me valutat e tjera n\u00eb k\u00ebmbimet globale. P\u00ebr ta mb\u00ebshtetur situat\u00ebn, Nixon dhe sekretari i Shtetit Henry Kissinger b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje me Arabin\u00eb Saudite dhe vendet e OPEC, t\u00eb cilat do ta shisnin naft\u00ebn vet\u00ebm n\u00eb dollar\u00eb dhe se dollar\u00ebt e till\u00eb do t\u00eb depozitoheshin n\u00eb bankat e Wall Street dhe t\u00eb City t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim, Shtetet e Bashkuara do t\u2019i mbronin ushtarakisht vendet e OPEC. Hulumtuesi ekonomik William Engdahl ka paraqitur edhe provat e nj\u00eb \u201cpremtimi\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin \u00e7mimi i naft\u00ebs do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb kat\u00ebrfishohej. Nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb petrolifere e shkaktuar nga nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr e Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme b\u00ebri t\u00eb kat\u00ebrfishohej \u00e7mimi i naft\u00ebs dhe marr\u00ebveshja e OPEC u finalizua n\u00eb 1974. Marr\u00ebveshja ka mbetur n\u00eb fuqi deri n\u00eb 2000, kur Saddam Husseini e prishi duke e shitur naft\u00ebn irakene n\u00eb euro. Presidenti libian Omar Gheddafi ndoqi shembullin. T\u00eb dy president\u00ebt u vran\u00eb dhe vendet e tyre u shkat\u00ebrruan nga nj\u00eb luft\u00eb me Shtetet e Bashkuara. Hulumtuesi kanadez Matthew Ehret v\u00ebren: \u201cNuk duhet t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb se aleanca Sudan \u2013 Libi \u2013 Egjipt, n\u00ebn drejtimin e kombinuar t\u00eb Mubarak, Gheddafi dhe Bashir, kishte l\u00ebvizur p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb ri financiar t\u00eb garantuar nga ari jasht\u00eb nga FMN\/Bank\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore p\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar nj\u00eb zhvillim n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. Sikur ky program t\u00eb mos ishte minuar nga shkat\u00ebrrimi i Libis\u00eb i drejtuar nga NATO, nga ndarja e Sudanit dhe nga ndryshimi i regjimit n\u00eb Egjipt, bota do t\u00eb kishte asistuar n\u00eb shfaqjen e nj\u00eb blloku t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm rajonal shtetesh afrikane q\u00eb i modelonte fatet e tij jasht\u00eb loj\u00ebrave t\u00eb trukuara t\u00eb financ\u00ebs s\u00eb kontrolluar nga anglo-amerikan\u00ebt p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb histori.<\/em><\/p>\n Ngjitja e PetroRubl\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n Sfida e par\u00eb e nj\u00eb fuqie t\u00eb madhe me at\u00eb q\u00eb u b\u00eb e njphur si petrodollari ka ardhur n\u00eb 2022. N\u00eb muajin e m\u00ebpas\u00ebm t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb konfilktit n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe aleat\u00ebt e tyre europian\u00eb kan\u00eb vendosur sanksione t\u00eb r\u00ebnda financiare Rusis\u00eb, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb pushtimit ushtarak. Masat per\u00ebndimore p\u00ebrfshinin ngrirjen e rreth gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb 640 miliard dollar\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb t\u00eb rezervave financiare t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Qendrore Ruse, p\u00ebrz\u00ebnien e shum\u00eb prej bankave m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ruse nga sistemi i pagesave globale SWIFT, vendosja e kontrolleve mbi eksportet e prirura t\u00eb kufizonin aksesin e Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb e avancuara, mbylljen e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs ajrore dhe portuale p\u00ebr avion\u00ebt dhe anijet ruse, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 vendosjes s\u00eb anksioneve personale kund\u00ebr funksionar\u00ebve t\u00eb lart\u00eb rus\u00eb dhe manjat\u00ebve t\u00eb profilit t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Rus\u00ebt e preokupuar jan\u00eb ngutur t\u2019i t\u00ebrhiqnin rublat nga bankat e tyre dhe vlera e rubl\u00ebs ka r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb tregjet globale ashtu si dollari amerikan n\u00eb fillimvitet \u201970. Sigurit\u00eb e vendosura tek dollari amerikan si valut\u00eb rezerve globale, e mb\u00ebshtetur \u201cnga besimi i plot\u00eb dhe krediti i Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara\u201d, jan\u00eb thyer krejt\u00ebsisht. N\u00eb nj\u00eb diskutim t\u00eb 16 marsit, presidenti rus Vladimir Putin ka deklaruar se Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Bashkimi Europian nuk i kan\u00eb respektuar detyrimet e tyre dhe se ngrirja e rezervave ruse kishte sh\u00ebnuar fundin e besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturave \u201casete t\u00eb klasit t\u00eb par\u00eb\u201d. M\u00eb 23 mars Putin ka njoftuar se gazi natyror rus \u00a0do t\u2019u shitej \u201cvendeve armiq\u00ebsore\u201d vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rubl\u00ebn ruse, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb eurove apo dollar\u00ebve aktualisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur. 48 vende konsiderohen \u201carmiq\u00ebsore\u201d nga Rusia, p\u00ebrfshi Shtetet e Bashkuara, Britania e Madhe, Ukraina, Zvicra, Koreja e Jugut, Singapori, Kanadaja dhe Japonia (dhe Italia sh\u00ebnimi im.).<\/p>\n Putin ka v\u00ebrejtur se m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e popullsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore mbetet \u201cmike\u201d e Rusis\u00eb. Vendet q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb votuar p\u00ebr t\u2019i mb\u00ebshtetur sanksionet p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb dy fuqi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, Kin\u00ebn dhe Indin\u00eb, bashk\u00eb me Venezuel\u00ebn, Turqin\u00eb dhe vende t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb \u201cJugut global\u201d. Vendet \u201cmike\u201d, ka th\u00ebn\u00eb Putini, tani mund t\u00eb blejn\u00eb nga Rusia n\u00eb valuta t\u00eb ndryshme. M\u00eb 24 mars parlamentari rus Pavel Zavalny ka pohuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb shtypi se gazi mund t\u00eb shitet n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim me rubla ose ar dhe n\u00eb vende \u201cmike\u201d me valut\u00eb komb\u00ebtare apo bitcoin. Ministrat e Energjis\u00eb s\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb G7 he kan\u00eb refuzuar k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e Putin, duke mb\u00ebshtetur se shkelte termat e kontrat\u00ebs s\u00eb gazit q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin shitjen n\u00eb euro apo n\u00eb dollar\u00eb. Por m\u00eb 28 mars z\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsi i Kremlinit Dmitry Peskov ka pohuar se Rusia \u201cnuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e impenjuar n\u00eb bamir\u00ebsi\u201d dhe nuk do ta furnizoj\u00eb me gaz Europ\u00ebn falas (gj\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00eb to b\u00ebnte q\u00eb shitjet t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb euro apo n\u00eb dollar\u00eb q\u00eb aktualisht nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb treg\u00ebti). T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat sanksione jan\u00eb nj\u00eb shkelje e marr\u00ebveshjes mbi disponueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e valutave n\u00eb tregjet globale.<\/p>\n Bloomberg referon se m\u00eb 30 mars Vyacheslav Volodin, president i Dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb Ul\u00ebt t\u00eb parlamentit rus, ka sugjeruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb postim n\u00eb Telegram se Rusia mund ta zgjeroj\u00eb list\u00ebn e mallrave p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn k\u00ebrkon pages\u00ebn nga Per\u00ebndimi n\u00eb rubla (ose n\u00eb ar) p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb grurin, naft\u00ebn, metalet dhe tjet\u00ebr. Ekonomia ruse \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl se ajo e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara dhe e Bashkimit Europian, por Rusia \u00ebsht\u00eb furnizues i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm global i l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para ky\u00e7e, p\u00ebrfshi jo vet\u00ebn naft\u00ebn, gazin natyror dhe drith\u00ebrat, por edhe drurin, pleh\u00ebrat kimike, nikelin, titanin, paladiumin, qymyrin, azotin dhe metalet e rralla t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb \u00e7ipat p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00eb, automjetet elektrike dhe avion\u00ebt. M\u00eb 2 prill, kolosi rus i gazit Gazprom ka nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb zyrtarisht t\u00eb gjitha dor\u00ebzimet n\u00eb Europ\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet gazsjell\u00ebsit Yamal \u2013 Europ\u00eb, nj\u00eb artierie themelore p\u00ebr furnizimet energjitike europiane. Profesori britanik i Ekonomis\u00eb Richard Werner e quan l\u00ebvizjen ruse si \u201cinteligjente\u201d, nj\u00eb replik\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara n\u00eb vitet \u201970. P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar l\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb para ruse, vendet \u201carmiq\u00ebsore\u201d do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb blejn\u00eb rubla, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ngrihet vlera e rubl\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebmbimet globale pik\u00ebrisht si nevoja e petrodollar\u00ebve p\u00ebr ta mb\u00ebshtetur dollarin amerikan pas 1973. Faktikisht, brenda 30 marsit, rubla ishte ngritur n\u00eb nivelet e nj\u00eb muaji m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb faqe jasht\u00eb nga skenari i \u201csistemit amerikan\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n Rusia po ndjek Shtetet e Bashkuara jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb kapjen e valut\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb saj me shitjen e nj\u00eb malli themelor, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, at\u00eb q\u00eb lider\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb e shekullit t\u00eb XIC e quanin \u201csistemi amerikan\u201d t\u00eb monedh\u00ebs dhe kreditit sovran. Tri shtyllat e tij qen\u00eb:<\/p>\n (a) subvencione federale p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimet e brendshme dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019i financuar industrit\u00eb e sapolindura t\u00eb vendit;<\/p>\n (b) p\u00ebrkrahje p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur ato industri;<\/p>\n (c) kredi e leht\u00eb e emtuar nga nj\u00eb bank\u00eb komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n Michael Hudson, nj\u00eb profesor hulumtues i Ekonomis\u00eb dhe autor ve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash i \u201cSuper-Imperialism: The Economic Strategy of American Empire\u201d<\/em>, v\u00ebren se sanksionet po e detyrojn\u00eb Rusin\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb ngurruese t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb e vetme: t\u00eb prish\u00eb var\u00ebsin\u00eb e importeve dhe t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb industrit\u00eb dhe infrastrukturat e saj. Efekti, thot\u00eb ai, \u00ebsht\u00eb ekuivalent me at\u00eb t\u00eb subvencioneve mbrojt\u00ebse.<\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb titulluar \u201cThe American Empire Self-destructs\u201d<\/em>, Hudson shkruan p\u00ebr sanksionet ruse (q\u00eb n\u00eb realitet i takojn\u00eb 2014): Rusia kishte mbetur e magjepsur nga ideologjia e tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb adoptuar masa p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb apo industris\u00eb s\u00eb saj. Shtetet e Bashkuara kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb ndihm\u00ebn e nevojshme duke imponuar vet\u00ebmjaftueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e brendshme (n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sanksioneve). Kur shtetet balltike kan\u00eb humbur tregun rus t\u00eb djathit dhe t\u00eb produkteve t\u00eb tjera bujq\u00ebsore, Rusia ka krijuar me shpejt\u00ebsi sektorin e saj cezarian, nd\u00ebrsa b\u00ebhej eksportuesi kryesor bot\u00ebror i drith\u00ebrave\u2026<\/em> Rusia po zbulon (ose \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebn q\u00eb ta zbuloj\u00eb) se nuk ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr dollar\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb s\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr taks\u00ebn e k\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb rubl\u00ebs. Banka Qendrore e saj mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb rublat e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar rrogat e brendshme dhe financuar formimin e kapitalit. Konfiksimet amerikane mund ta \u00e7ojn\u00eb Rusin\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i jap\u00eb fund filozofis\u00eb monetare neoliberiste, si Sergei Glaziev ka mb\u00ebshtetur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb sipas Modern Monetary Theory\u2026<\/em> Politikan\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb po i detyrojn\u00eb vendet e huaja t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb pasur kuraj\u00ebn ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb vet\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojn\u00eb FMN, Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore dhe arm\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb diplomacis\u00eb amerikane. N\u00eb fakt vendet e Europ\u00ebs, Lindjes s\u00eb Af\u00ebrt dhe t\u00eb Jugut t\u00eb bot\u00ebs q\u00eb nuk i ndjekin vet\u00eb interesat e tyre ekonomike afatgjat\u00eb, Amerika po i largon, si\u00e7 ka b\u00ebr\u00eb me Rusin\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebn. <\/em><\/p>\n Glazyev dhe reseti euraziatik<\/strong><\/p>\n Sergei Glazyev, i p\u00ebrmendur m\u00ebsip\u00ebr nga Hudson, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ish k\u00ebshilltar i presidentit Vladimir Putin dhe i ministrit p\u00ebr Integrimin dhe Makroekonomin\u00eb dhe i Komisionit Ekonomik t\u00eb Eurazis\u00eb, organizmi i rregullit t\u00eb Unionit Ekonomik Eurazatik (EAEU). Ka propozuar q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren instrumente t\u00eb ngjashme me ato t\u00eb \u201csistemit amerikan\u201d, p\u00ebrfshi konvertimin e Bank\u00ebs Qendrore Ruse n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cbank\u00eb komb\u00ebtare\u201d q\u00eb emeton valut\u00ebn e saj ruse dhe siguron kreditin p\u00ebr zhvillimin e brendsh\u00ebm. M\u00eb 25 shkurt Glazyev ka botuar nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb sanksioneve amerikane t\u00ebt titulluar \u201cSanctions ande Sovereignty\u201d, ku pohonte: D\u00ebmi i shkaktuar nga sanksionet financiare amerikane \u00ebsht\u00eb pazgjidhshm\u00ebrisht e lidhur me politik\u00ebn monetare t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs s\u00eb Rusis\u00eb\u2026 Thelbi i saj reduktohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e rubl\u00ebs me fitimet e eksportit dhe me taks\u00ebn e k\u00ebmbimit rub\u00ebl \u2013 dollar. Faktikisht, krijohet n\u00eb ekonomi nj\u00eb munges\u00eb artificiale paraje dhe politika e ngurt\u00eb e Bank\u00ebs Qendrore \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb kostove t\u00eb huave, q\u00eb vret aktivitetin biznesor dhe pengon zhvillimin e infrastrukturave n\u00eb vend.<\/em><\/p>\n Glazyev ka afirmuar se Banka Qendrore z\u00ebvend\u00ebson huat\u00eb n\u00eb qenien me partner\u00ebt e tij per\u00ebndimor\u00eb me huat\u00eb e saj, kapaciteti i kreditit rus do t\u00eb rritej ndjesh\u00ebm, duke parashikuar nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb aktivitetit ekonomik pa krijuar inflacion. Rusia ka pranuar t\u2019ia shes\u00eb naft\u00ebn Indis\u00eb n\u00eb valut\u00ebn e saj sovrane, rupien; Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb juan dhe Turqis\u00eb n\u00eb lir\u00ebn turke. K\u00ebto valuta komb\u00ebtare mund t\u00eb shpenzohen k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr mallra dhe sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb shitura k\u00ebtyre vendeve. Urohet q\u00eb \u00e7do vend duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u2019i treg\u00ebtoj\u00eb n\u00eb tregjet globale n\u00eb valut\u00ebn sovrane t\u00eb saj; ja \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb valut\u00eb fiat: nj\u00eb mjet k\u00ebmbimi i mb\u00ebshtetur nga marr\u00ebveshja midis personave si mas\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebs si mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb saj, mb\u00ebshtetur nga \u201cbesimi dhe krediti i fort\u00eb\u201d i kombit. Por ky sistem k\u00ebmbimit global mund t\u00eb bjer\u00eb, pik\u00ebrisht si b\u00ebjn\u00eb sistemet lokale t\u00eb k\u00ebmbimit, n\u00ebse nj\u00ebra pal\u00eb e treg\u00ebtis\u00eb t\u00eb mos i donte m\u00eb mallrat apo sh\u00ebrbimet e pal\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rast do t\u00eb ishte e nevojshme nj\u00eb valut\u00eb rezerv\u00eb e nd\u00ebrmjetme p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer si mjet k\u00ebmbimi.<\/p>\n Glazyev dhe homolog\u00ebt e tij po punojn\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb botuar tek The Saker<\/em>, Glazyev ka deklaruar: Aktualisht po punojm\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb boc\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare mbi futjen e nj\u00eb valute t\u00eb re rregullimi bot\u00ebror, e ankoruar pas valutave komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb vendeve pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse dhe me mallrat e k\u00ebmbyera q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb vlerat reale. Nuk do t\u00eb kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr bankat amerikane dhe europiane. N\u00eb bot\u00eb po zhvillohet nj\u00eb sistem i ri pagesash bazuar mbi teknologji moderne dixhitale me blockchain, ku bankat po e humbasin r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb. <\/em>Rusia dhe Kina kan\u00eb zhvilluar t\u00eb dyja alternativa ndaj sistemit mesazhistik SWIFT nga ku disa banka ruse jan\u00eb pezulluar. Komentatori londinez Alexander Mercouris b\u00ebn v\u00ebzhgimin interesant se dalja nga SWIFT n\u00ebnkupton se bankat per\u00ebndimore nuk mund t\u2019i gjurmojn\u00eb bankat ruse dhe kineze. Analisti gjeopolitik Pepe Escobar i rip\u00ebrmbledhj planet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb reset financiar euaziatik\/kinez n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb titulluar \u201cSh\u00ebndeti i arit rus dhe petrojuanit kinez\u201d<\/em>. Ai shkruan: na \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur shum\u00eb koh\u00eb, por m\u00eb s\u00eb fundi po dalin disa linja ky\u00e7e t\u00eb themelit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb bot\u00ebs multipolare.<\/em><\/p>\n T\u00eb premten 1 mars, pas nj\u00eb mbledhje me videokonferenc\u00eb, Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) dhe Kina kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord p\u00ebr ta projektuar mekanizmin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem monetar dhe financiar nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb pavarur. EAEU, e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga Rusia, Kazakistani, Kirgizistani, Bjellorusia dhe Armenia, po p\u00ebrcakton marr\u00ebveshjet e k\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb lir\u00eb me vendet e tjera euraziatike dhe po nd\u00ebrlidh progresivisht me Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Me t\u00eb gjitha efektet praktike, ideja vjen nga Sergei Glazyev, ekonomisti m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i pavarur i Rusis\u00eb. Mjaft diplomatikisht, Glazyev ia ka atribuar konkretizimin e ides\u00eb s\u00eb tij \u201csfidave dhe rreziqeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb lidhur me ngadal\u00ebsimin ekonomik global dhe me masat kufizuese kund\u00ebr shteteve t\u00eb EAEU dhe Kin\u00ebs\u201d<\/em>. P\u00ebrkthimi: pasi q\u00eb Kina \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fuqi euaziatike aq sa Rusia, duhet t\u2019i koordinojn\u00eb strategjit\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr ta xhiruar sistemin unipolar e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara. Sistemi euraziatik do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i bazuar mbi \u201cnj\u00eb valut\u00eb t\u00eb re nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare\u201d, ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi me referimin ndaj juanit, i kalkuluar si tregues i valutave komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb vendeve pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse, si edhe t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para. Sistemi euraziatik \u00ebsht\u00eb i destinuar q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb serioze ndaj dollarit, pasi q\u00eb EAEU mund t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm kombet q\u00eb kan\u00eb aderuar n\u00eb BRI, por edhe aktor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) dhe t\u00eb ASEAN. Aktor\u00ebt e Azis\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore, Irani, Iraku, Siria, Libani, do t\u00eb jen\u00eb pashmangshm\u00ebrisht t\u00eb interesuara.<\/p>\n Privilegj mbyt\u00ebs apo barr\u00eb mbyt\u00ebse?<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00ebse ky sistem do t\u00eb ket\u00eb sukses, cilat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb efektet e tij ndaj ekonomis\u00eb amerikane? N\u00eb nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb titulluar \u201cThe Fraying of the US Global Currency Reserve System<\/em>\u201d, \u201cstrategia e investimeve\u201d Lynn Alden shkruan se d\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb dhimbje n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn afatshkurt\u00ebr, por n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn afatgjat\u00eb gj\u00ebja do t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb amerikane. Argumenti \u00ebsht\u00eb i komplikuar, por n\u00eb linj\u00eb themelore \u00ebsht\u00eb se predominimi i dollarit si valut\u00eb rezerv\u00eb ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb shkatt\u00ebrimin e baz\u00ebs ton\u00eb prodhuese dhe mbi akumulimin e nj\u00eb borxhi t\u00eb madh federal. Ndarja e barr\u00ebs s\u00eb valut\u00ebs rezerv\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte efektin q\u00eb sanksionet po kan\u00eb ndaj ekonomis\u00eb ruse: t\u00eb ushqejn\u00eb industrit\u00eb komb\u00ebtare sesi t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb taksa, duke mund\u00ebsuar rind\u00ebrtimin e baz\u00ebs prodhuese amerikane. Komentator\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb pohojn\u00eb edhe se q\u00ebnia valut\u00eb e vet\u00ebm rezerve globale \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb barr\u00eb mbyt\u00ebse sesa nj\u00eb privilegj mbyt\u00ebs. Humbja e nj\u00eb statusi t\u00eb till\u00eb nuk do t\u2019i jepte fund r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb dollarit amerikan, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e rr\u00ebnjosur n\u00eb financ\u00ebn globale sa p\u00ebr t\u2019u l\u00ebvizur, por mund t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb fundin e petrodollarit si valut\u00eb e vetme rezerve globale dhe fundin e luft\u00ebrave shkat\u00ebrrimtare petrolifere t\u00eb financuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur dominimin e saj.<\/p>\n (nga ellenbrown.com<\/em>)<\/p>\n P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Asnj\u00eb vend nuk e ka sfiduar me sukses hegjemonin\u00eb globale t\u00eb dollarit amerikan m\u00eb par\u00eb. Kritik\u00ebt e huaj e kan\u00eb stigmatizuar \u201cprivilegjin marramend\u00ebs\u201d q\u00eb ka dollari amerikan si valut\u00eb e rezerv\u00ebs globale. Shtetet e Bashkuara mund ta emetojn\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nga asgj tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7se nga \u201cbesimi plot\u00eb dhe kredia e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara\u201d. Qeverit\u00eb e …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":29886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29885"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29885"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29885\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}