{"id":29577,"date":"2022-11-24T11:36:17","date_gmt":"2022-11-24T11:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=29577"},"modified":"2022-11-24T11:36:17","modified_gmt":"2022-11-24T11:36:17","slug":"rusistan-apo-kinastan-loje-e-madhe-raund-i-ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2022\/11\/24\/rusistan-apo-kinastan-loje-e-madhe-raund-i-ri\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusistan apo Kinastan: Loj\u00eb e Madhe, raund i ri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Udh\u00ebtim n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore q\u00eb deri m\u00eb 1991 qe Bashkim Sovjetik. Moska ushtron akoma influenc\u00ebn masive t\u00eb saj aft\u00ebsin\u00eb shantazhuese mbi ekonomit\u00eb e dob\u00ebta pa dalje n\u00eb det, Pekini avancon me vendosm\u00ebri, nd\u00ebrsa Europa dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. Pushtete t\u00eb vjetra dhe t\u00ebrheqje islamiste i b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb brishta ekuilibrat.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kur vite m\u00eb par\u00eb nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor i zellsh\u00ebm i n\u00ebnvizoi se n\u00eb kryeqytet apo n\u00eb Almaty (Alma Ata e vjet\u00ebr, metropoli m\u00eb i madh i vendit) nuk kishte monumente t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb ngritur n\u00eb nderim t\u00eb tij, Nursultan Nazarbayev \u2013 lideri i Kazakistanit sovjetik i transformuar pas shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik n\u00eb president \u2013 satrap i republik\u00ebs s\u00eb pasur me naft\u00eb, gaz, uranium dhe minerale t\u00eb tjera e lindur m\u00eb 1991 \u2013 nisi t\u00eb qesh\u00eb: \u00abNuk ka nevoj\u00eb: ky qytet q\u00eb kam themeluar \u00ebsht\u00eb monumenti im\u00bb. Duke arritur n\u00eb Astana nuk mund t\u00eb mos i jap\u00ebsh t\u00eb drejt\u00eb: ulesh n\u00eb aeroportin Nazarbayev nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb emri i kryqytetit, i krijuar prej tij nga hi\u00e7i n\u00eb mesin e stepave t\u00eb Azis\u00eb Qendrore, ka ndryshuar koh\u00ebt e fundit emrin e tij n\u00eb Nursultan, pik\u00ebrisht emrin i ish diktatorit. Ish sepse Nazarbayev m\u00eb 2019 e la papritmas presidenc\u00ebn pas thuajse 30 vitesh pushteti absolut, megjith\u00ebse duke mbajtur p\u00ebr vete rolin e guid\u00ebs supreme t\u00eb vendit si president i K\u00ebshillit p\u00ebr Sigurin\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb kushtetut\u00ebs q\u00eb pasoi, n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb zgjedhjeve t\u00eb reja, presidenti i Senatit, Kassym Jomart Tokayev e pasoi: p\u00ebr shum\u00eb nj\u00eb presidenc\u00eb tranzicioni n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb pushtetit vajz\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrk\u00ebdhelur t\u00eb Nursultan, vajz\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe Dariga, e nderuar nga gazetat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha kazake (rast\u00ebsisht n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb saj). Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb aeroport, duke pritur bagazhet, publiciteti vezullues prreth transportierit t\u00eb fton t\u00eb investosh n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Nazarbayev Bank dhe sapo hip\u00ebn n\u00eb makin\u00eb t\u00eb drejtuar nga qendra, ndeshesh me nd\u00ebrtesat imponuese t\u00eb Nazarbayev University. Pastaj, n\u00ebse viziton muzeumin komb\u00ebtar e shk\u00eblqyer dhe modern, pritesh n\u00eb hyrje nga nj\u00eb piktur\u00eb e madhe e (ish) guid\u00ebs supreme, e medaljuar si\u00e7 duhet, nd\u00ebrsa oborri qendror dominohet nga statuja e bronzt\u00eb e nj\u00eb Nursultan duke menduar dhe t\u00eb ulur n\u00eb nj\u00eb kolltuk imponues: version passovjetik i statuj\u00ebs s\u00eb Abraham Lincoln n\u00eb Memorialin e tij n\u00eb Uashington.<\/p>\n<p>Pra ke arritur n\u00eb Nazarbayevstan? Po \u00e7far\u00eb: pasuesi i tij, Tokayev, ka rezultuar aspak nj\u00eb i v\u00ebn\u00eb me dor\u00eb. Fillimisht e ka shenjt\u00ebruar \u00abthemeluesin\u00bb duke propozuar q\u00eb ai ta riem\u00ebrtoj\u00eb kryeqytetin; pastaj, me maturi, por edhe me konstanc\u00eb, ka nisur nj\u00eb seri reformash politike, duke tentuar nj\u00ebherazi ridimensionimin e pushtetit ekonomik t\u00eb familjes s\u00eb ish presidentit, q\u00eb kontrollon (me teknika grabitqare, sipas shum\u00eb analist\u00ebve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb) pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb aktiviteteve prodhuese t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi potencialisht shum\u00eb t\u00eb pasur: i madh sa e gjith\u00eb Europa, plot me rezerva natyrore dhe me rreth 20 milion banor\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhur mesatare p\u00ebr frym\u00eb (11500 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit) m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb se ajo e Rusis\u00eb. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarja e saj. Trazirat e janarit t\u00eb kaluar \u2013 e shkaktuar nga pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia popullore prej dyfishimit t\u00eb \u00e7mimit t\u00eb gazit t\u00eb l\u00ebng\u00ebt (GPL), por m\u00eb pas e transformuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb grusht shteti n\u00eb tentativ\u00eb ndoshta e orkestruar nga nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e familjes Nazarbayev dhe ndoshta e inkurajuar edhe nga Moska \u2013 ka ndryshuar gjith\u00e7ka. Nd\u00ebrsa Almaty, metropoli i vendit, ishte ngadal\u00eb n\u00eb flak\u00eb (t\u00eb ndezur pallatet e pushtetit politik), Tokayev n\u00eb Nursultan ka refuzuar helikopterin q\u00eb i ishte ofruar p\u00ebr ta shp\u00ebtuar. Presidenti ka dor\u00ebhequr vet\u00eb qeverin\u00eb e tij, duke eliminuar ministrat e konsideruar si jobesnik\u00eb, ka arrestuar kreun e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb (dhe ish kryeministrin) Karim Massimov dhe i ka k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht Kremlinit. Putini, q\u00eb patjet\u00ebr e konsideron t\u00eb mbyllur epok\u00ebn Nazarbayev, ka vendosur ta mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb: n\u00eb 10 dit\u00eb forcat speciale ruse kan\u00eb rivendosur rendin n\u00eb Almaty duke u t\u00ebrhequr menj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb pas. Kan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb prapa 225 t\u00eb vdekur dhe t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 5000 rebel\u00eb t\u00eb arrestuar, menj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb etiketuar nga regjimi kazakas si terrorist\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr vend \u2013 satelit n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Putinit? Jo: Kazakistani jo vet\u00ebm i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje pushtimit t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs, por e mbron sovranitetin e Kievit edhe n\u00eb zonat e pushtuara nga Moska dhe aplikon sanksione nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare kund\u00ebr Rusis\u00eb. Pastaj, n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e kaluara, n\u00eb Forumin e Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgut, Tokayev e ka kritikuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksplicite Kremlinin duke e gjykuar si t\u00eb pamb\u00ebshtetshme zgjedhjen p\u00ebr t\u2019ju besuar vet\u00ebm rezervave t\u00eb brendshme duke hequr dor nga importet e e bllokuara nga embargoja dhe duke ritheksuar vullnetin p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos njohur republikat e shk\u00ebputura t\u00eb Donjeckut dhe Luhanskut, si\u00e7 ka b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera, nga Kosova tek Taivani. Me presidentin rus, gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb i vuajtur, q\u00eb e ka rishp\u00ebrblyer p\u00ebrpara duke ia deformuar emrin e tij, pastaj duke e paralajm\u00ebruar me ton k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues se i gjith\u00eb ish Bashkimi Sovjetik \u00ab\u00ebsht\u00eb Rusia historike\u00bb. Konfuz\u00eb? Sikur ajo p\u00ebr dominimin e Azis\u00eb Qendrore t\u00eb mos ishte nj\u00eb loj\u00eb me nj\u00ebmij\u00eb fytyra, ku gj\u00ebrat shpesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme nga sa duken, nuk do t\u00eb quhej qysh nga Tet\u00ebqinda Loja e Madhe.<\/p>\n<p>Tokayev po b\u00ebn loj\u00ebn e tij me nj\u00eb ushtrim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm ekuilibrizmi. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb nevoja e mbajtjes s\u00eb raporteve t\u00eb mira me Mosk\u00ebn dhe ka k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb pajtohet menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas p\u00ebrplasjes s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgut: \u00e7ereku i kazakasve jan\u00eb t\u00eb etnis\u00eb ruse, naft\u00ebsjell\u00ebsit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb cil\u00ebve Kazakistani eksporton naft\u00ebn e tij kontrollohen nga Moska, nd\u00ebrsa Baikonur, \u00abCape Canaveral\u00bb n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb step\u00ebs nga ku nisen misionet hap\u00ebsinore ruse, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb Kazakistan dhe vendi ka rreth 7000 kilometra kufi me perandorin\u00eb e Putinit. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb vullneti p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet \u2013 ekonomike dhe jo vet\u00ebm \u2013 me Kin\u00ebn me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndaj 1782 kilometra t\u00eb tjera kufi, dhe nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbetur megjithat\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb i kapur pas Per\u00ebndimit. Shtetet e Bashkuara e humbasin influenc\u00ebn politike n\u00eb zon\u00eb, sidomos pas t\u00ebrheqjes nga Afganistani, l\u00ebvizje shum\u00eb e kritikuar nga t\u00eb gjitha \u00abStan\u00bb e Azis\u00eb Qendrore, por q\u00eb mbesin investitor\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj n\u00eb hidrokarbure (nga Exxon tek Chevron) dhe jo vet\u00ebm: General Electric punon n\u00eb frontin hekurudhor (thelb\u00ebsor n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e rilan\u00e7imit t\u00eb Rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb M\u00ebndafshit si alternativ\u00eb tok\u00ebsore ndaj lidhjeve detare midis Kin\u00ebs dhe Europ\u00ebs), n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb energjive t\u00eb rinovueshme dhe mund t\u00eb furnizoj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen edhe mincentrale b\u00ebrthamore. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb vend, ashtu si\u00e7 me gradime t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr republikat e tjera ish sovjetike t\u00eb Azis\u00eb Qendrore, Rusia dhe Kina jan\u00eb vendimtare p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb nga sulmet e jashtme dhe, pjes\u00ebrisht, edhe p\u00ebr stabilitetin politik t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm, por p\u00ebr zhvillimin, infrastruktura kineze menj\u00eban\u00eb, ato q\u00eb vlejn\u00eb jan\u00eb sidomos kompanit\u00eb amerikane dhe europiane: midis 3 investitor\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Kazakistan nuk jan\u00eb Kina dhe Rusia, por Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe vendet e Bashkimit Europian me nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb ENI (naft\u00eb, gaz dhe energji alternative) dhe impiantistik\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa i gjith\u00eb sistemi Itali po k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb jap nj\u00eb profil me dinamik, i shtyr\u00eb edhe nga nj\u00eb diplomaci m\u00eb shum\u00eb <em>business oriented<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Tokayev e inkurajon Per\u00ebndimin duke i premtuar reforma demokratike: ato t\u00eb vendosura pas revolt\u00ebs s\u00eb janarit dhe t\u00eb ratifikuara nga populli kazakas me referendumin e fillimeve t\u00eb qershorit (vendi ka nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb votimesh t\u00eb \u00abpilotuara\u00bb, por k\u00ebsaj radhe v\u00ebzhguesit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb e kan\u00eb gjykuar rezultatin thelb\u00ebsisht korrekt) jan\u00eb megjithat\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb kufizuara. Parlamenti nuk ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb rol koreografik, por presidenti ruan pushtete shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjera, nd\u00ebrsa ka shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur t\u00eb kihet nj\u00eb sistem gjyq\u00ebsor i pavarur. Presidenti i ri \u00ebsht\u00eb megjithat\u00eb i vendosur t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb dhe po e b\u00ebn me vendosm\u00ebri, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket \u00e7montimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb pushtetit t\u00eb Nazarbayev: an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb familjes kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb burgl p\u00ebr korrupsion dhe vet\u00ebl Nursultan \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb privohet nga kushtetuta e re, e miratuar n\u00eb referendumin e 5 qershorit, t\u00eb kryesis\u00eb s\u00eb K\u00ebshillit p\u00ebr Sigurin\u00eb. Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebsaj, i ka ftuar kazakasit t\u00eb votojn\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb reform\u00ebs dhe ka shkuar vet\u00eb t\u00eb votoj\u00eb. Do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb Tokayev t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb kaluar? N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb, e d\u00ebmtuar n\u00eb jug nga radikalizmi islamik dhe nga veriu prej neoimperializmit putinian, mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka, por presidenti po tregon dor\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb edhe me gjeste simbolike, por q\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb shenj\u00ebn. Si\u00e7 kur, kur po kthehej me avion nga nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim jasht\u00eb shtetit, ish perandori Nazarbayev, n\u00eb aeroportin e em\u00ebrtuar me emrin e tij, \u00ebsht\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb vihet n\u00eb radh\u00eb me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb udh\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb p\u00ebr kontrollin e pashaportave.<\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 shkruan norvegjezja Erika Fatland n\u00eb librin e saj shum\u00eb t\u00eb bukur <em>Sovietistan<\/em>, \u00abaziatik\u00ebt kan\u00eb ve\u00e7antin\u00eb e t\u00eb pasurit respekt vet\u00ebm ndaj pushtetit t\u00eb preksh\u00ebm e t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm. Qasja morale e argumentimeve t\u00eb urta i l\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht indiferent\u00eb\u00bb. Kjo shpjegon edhe pse \u2013 n\u00eb Kazakistan, ashtu si n\u00eb Yzbekistan dhe n\u00eb \u00abStan\u00bb e tjera t\u00eb zon\u00ebs \u2013 p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb qysh nga fillimet e saj flitet shum\u00eb pak dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb termat e pasojave p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb dhe sigurin\u00eb e Azis\u00eb Qendrore. P\u00ebr shembull, disa dit\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb ministri i Jasht\u00ebm i Yzbekistanit, Vladimir Norov, n\u00eb aderimin e nj\u00eb serie projektesh infrastrukturore t\u00eb lan\u00e7uar nga Kina n\u00eb Afganistan, ka shphrehur vler\u00ebsimin e tij p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpjekjet e Pekinit q\u00eb synojn\u00eb n\u00eb shmangien e nj\u00eb krize humanitare n\u00eb vendin e kthyer n\u00eb kontrollin e taliban\u00ebve dhe, me referim t\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Europ\u00ebn, ka shprehur pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi p\u00ebr r\u00ebnien e v\u00ebmendjes nga nj\u00eb komunitet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, q\u00eb i \u00abshqet\u00ebsuar nga kriza t\u00eb tjera\u00bb, nuk preokupohet m\u00eb nga nj\u00eb emergjenc\u00eb afganase q\u00eb \u00abk\u00ebrc\u00ebnon prosperitetin ekonomik dhe stabilitetin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonit\u00bb qendroaziatik. P\u00ebrshkrimi i dinamikave n\u00eb veprim n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs sa t\u00eb larg\u00ebt dhe larg \u00e7do deti, aq edhe strategjike, \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje e guximshme: p\u00ebrve\u00e7 studimit t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kazakistanit, fuqi e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb rajonale, duhet hyr\u00eb n\u00eb logjikat e Yzbekistanit m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebr, por nga Samarkanda n\u00eb Bukhara, n\u00eb Tashkent, plot me histori dhe kultur\u00eb, deri tek Turkmenistani i pasur i diktatur\u00ebs s\u00eb ashp\u00ebr t\u00eb Turkmenbashive, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar nga populli i tij edhe duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb benzin\u00eb falas t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve. Ka vdekur n\u00eb 2006 nga nj\u00eb infarkt, i z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga dentisti i tij personal q\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb edhe minist\u00ebr i Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb. Pastaj duhet spostuar pak lentja e shikimit mbi Taxhikistanin shum\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebr dhe mbi Kirgizistanin, i vetmi q\u00eb ka tentuar (me sukses t\u00eb pak\u00ebt) rrug\u00ebn e demokracis\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrmarrje komplekse p\u00ebr k\u00ebdo dhe akoma m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr ka kaluar vet\u00ebm pak jav\u00eb n\u00eb rajon. Duke p\u00ebrshkuar Yzbekistanin t\u00eb kthehet n\u00eb mendje ajo q\u00eb tha shum\u00eb vite m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Indi nj\u00eb brahmin kujt mbante sh\u00ebnime t\u00eb ethshme: \u00abKush vjen k\u00ebtu p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jav\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull, kush q\u00ebndron p\u00ebr nj\u00eb muaj t\u00eb shkruaj nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr, n\u00ebse q\u00ebndron p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vit e kupton se ai q\u00eb sheh \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb realitet i pap\u00ebrshkruesh\u00ebm\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Raportet midis k\u00ebtyre ish republikave sovjetike jan\u00eb komplekse, me incidente q\u00eb nganj\u00ebher\u00eb mbesin t\u00eb pashpjegueshme p\u00ebr vet\u00eb shtetet protagoniste, si n\u00eb rastin e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrleshjeje zjarri e koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit midis rojeve kufitare t\u00eb Taxhikistanit dhe t\u00eb Kirgizistanit, dy vendet me PBB m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb rajonit. Kurse n\u00eb disa raste t\u00eb tjera konfrontohet ashp\u00ebr dhe n\u00eb drit\u00ebn e diellit, si n\u00eb rastin e \u00abbetej\u00ebs p\u00ebr ujin\u00bb q\u00eb nuk i mund\u00ebson Yzbekistanit t\u00eb riaktivizoj\u00eb lumenjt\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb drejtuar n\u00eb epok\u00ebn sovjetike, kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb tharjen e Liqenit Aral: at\u00eb q\u00eb deri disa dekada m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte liqeni i kat\u00ebrt m\u00eb i madh i bot\u00ebs, i madh sa Lombardia, Piemonte dhe Veneto t\u00eb marra bashk\u00eb. Disa tipare jan\u00eb evidente, si krenaria e Yzbekistanit. Megjith\u00ebse m\u00eb i varf\u00ebri, ndjehet m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm se Kazakistani pasi i fort\u00eb nga kultura, matematikan\u00ebt dhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tij si Avicenna dhe i historis\u00eb s\u00eb tij mij\u00ebvje\u00e7are, nd\u00ebrsa ai kazakas \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb popull nomad, me pak histori, i b\u00ebr\u00eb i ngulur vet\u00ebm n\u00eb car\u00ebt dhe Rusia e sovjet\u00ebve. Karakteristika t\u00eb tjera mbesin n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebhije, por ka disa element\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonin q\u00eb shfaqin mjaft qart\u00eb dhe q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb reflektohet. Ai kryesori ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me hegjemonin\u00eb ruse n\u00eb zon\u00eb, e destinuar t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb akoma p\u00ebr disa koh\u00eb, megjith\u00ebse pes\u00eb republikat e Azis\u00eb Qendrore jan\u00eb t\u00eb impenjuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb pakashum\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces desovjetizimi. Pik\u00ebrisht sepse perceptojn\u00eb ambiciet neoperandorake t\u00eb Putinit, k\u00ebt\u00eb vende kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb distancohen nga Moska, por n\u00eb prov\u00ebn e fakteve nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pa Kremlinin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb seri faktor\u00ebsh, jo t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb kapshme me sy t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Nyja e par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb kufijve: frika e infiltrimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Shtetit Islamik (ISIS), tani q\u00eb amerikan\u00ebt jan\u00eb larguar dhe Afganistani ka r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb duart e taliban\u00ebve q\u00eb po e humbasi kontrollin e provincave veriore, \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrhapur kudo. K\u00ebtu garancia e vetme (e pjesshme) vjen pik\u00ebrisht nga Rusia, q\u00eb vazhdon t\u2019i ofroj\u00eb repartet ushtarake t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb vigj\u00ebluar kufijt\u00eb jugor\u00eb t\u00eb \u00abStane\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm jan\u00eb ato ekonomik\u00eb: dometh\u00ebn\u00ebn\u00eb shantazhueshm\u00ebria e republikave ish sovjetike si nga pik\u00ebpamja e eksportit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb (si\u00e7 u tha, duke mos pasur dalje n\u00eb det, k\u00ebto shtete duhet t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet vendeve t\u00eb tjera, sidomos Rusia), ashtu edhe n\u00eb frontin e pun\u00ebs. N\u00eb Yzbekistan, n\u00eb rrug\u00ebt e gjera t\u00eb Samarkand\u00ebs apo t\u00eb kryeqytetit Tashkent t\u00eb godasin dyqanet e ngjyrosura t\u00eb veshura me flamuj amerikan\u00eb: jan\u00eb agjenci q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohen modulet p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb llotarin\u00eb amerikane q\u00eb \u00e7do vit jep nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar <em>green card <\/em>p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, por, pik\u00ebrisht b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb llotari: realiteti \u00ebsht\u00eb se sot pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e republikave qendroaziatike jan\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb emigrojn\u00eb vet\u00ebn n\u00eb Rusi, q\u00eb n\u00eb kriz\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb denataliteti, ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr krah\u00eb pune. Remitancat e tyre jan\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb konsistente dhe thelb\u00ebsore e PBB t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre republikave. Rrethan\u00eb q\u00eb i b\u00ebn k\u00ebto vende t\u00eb shantazhueshme: mjafton q\u00eb Putini t\u00eb vendos\u00eb p\u00ebr pasjen e viz\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb emigrohet nga republikat e Azis\u00eb Qendrore p\u00ebr t\u2019i v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb gjunj\u00eb ato. Mbrojtje, ekonomi, pun\u00eb, ama ka edhe faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u2013 kulturor\u00eb, t\u00eb rendit politik e social dhe deri religjioz \u2013 q\u00eb edhe pse m\u00eb pak t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm, jan\u00eb po aq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebto shtete duan t\u00eb desovjetizohen dhe i frik\u00ebsohen neoimperializmit t\u00eb Kremlinit. Vet\u00eb Nazarbayev, q\u00eb bile ishte nj\u00eb hierark i Bashkimit Sovjetik, ka dashur ta nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb Astanan n\u00eb veriun e akullt dhe t\u00eb izoluar t\u00eb Kazakistanit, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr kapri\u00e7io, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur q\u00eb Moska t\u00eb ishte e tentuar t\u00eb aneksonte territore pothuajse t\u00eb shkreta, banor\u00ebt e pak\u00ebt t\u00eb t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb etnis\u00eb ruse. Por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuar nga nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb dhe nga nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb \u2013 ruse, pik\u00ebrisht \u2013 q\u00eb jan\u00eb ato t\u00eb klas\u00ebs drejtuese t\u00eb saj, nga zakoni i nj\u00eb autoritarizmi dhe nj\u00eb statalizmi t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t\u2019u \u00e7rr\u00ebnjosur, por edhe \u00e7rr\u00ebnjosja ka rreziqet e saj: si n\u00eb Egjipt ku i ashtuquajturi <em>Google Revolution <\/em>i Sheshit Tahrir i ka hapur rrug\u00ebn jo demokracis\u00eb liberale, por integralizmit islamik t\u00eb V\u00ebllaz\u00ebris\u00eb Myslimane, edhe n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore per\u00ebndimi i grupeve drejtuese passovjetike diktatoriale dhe laike po favorizon nj\u00eb rikthim n\u00eb islamizim. Nj\u00eb fenomen p\u00ebr momentin gradual, n\u00eb mos tjet\u00ebr sepse n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht imam\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb regjistrohen pran\u00eb organizmave shtet\u00ebror\u00eb dhe predikimet e tyre, q\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje radikale, jan\u00eb t\u00eb survejuara. Por tendenca shfaqet e qart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb analist\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb. N\u00ebse n\u00eb disa vende shtytja islamiste vjen nga posht\u00eb, Kazakistani sinjalizohet prej nj\u00eb fenomeni shqet\u00ebsues me shenj\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, <em>top \u2013 down<\/em>, me an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb familjes Nazarbayev, q\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb me shpatulla p\u00ebr muri nga regjimi i ri, reagojn\u00eb duke ju drejtuar xhihadizmit p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi Tokayev. Loja e Madhe ka rifilluar dhe k\u00ebsaj radhe ndeshja luhet n\u00eb shum\u00eb nivele. Tentativa p\u00ebr t\u2019u shk\u00ebputur nga Rusia \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillim, por jo sepse republikat qendroaziatike stigmatizojn\u00eb pushtimin e Ukrain\u00ebs: nga Xhenxhis Khani tel Timurlengu, deri tek luft\u00ebrat n\u00eb \u00c7e\u00e7eni, Gjeorgji, Armeni dhe Azerbaixhan, nga k\u00ebto an\u00eb shpesh kund\u00ebrshtit\u00eb rregullohen ende me p\u00ebrdorimin unilateral t\u00eb forc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>(Massimo Gaggi p\u00ebr <em>La Lettura<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Udh\u00ebtim n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore q\u00eb deri m\u00eb 1991 qe Bashkim Sovjetik. Moska ushtron akoma influenc\u00ebn masive t\u00eb saj aft\u00ebsin\u00eb shantazhuese mbi ekonomit\u00eb e dob\u00ebta pa dalje n\u00eb det, Pekini avancon me vendosm\u00ebri, nd\u00ebrsa Europa dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. Pushtete t\u00eb vjetra dhe t\u00ebrheqje islamiste i b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb brishta ekuilibrat. Kur vite m\u00eb par\u00eb &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":29578,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29577"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29577\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}