{"id":28788,"date":"2022-11-10T10:35:46","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T10:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=28788"},"modified":"2022-11-10T10:35:46","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T10:35:46","slug":"kaliningradi-tensione-te-reja-dhe-te-vjetra-ne-balltik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2022\/11\/10\/kaliningradi-tensione-te-reja-dhe-te-vjetra-ne-balltik\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaliningradi: Tensione t\u00eb reja dhe t\u00eb vjetra n\u00eb Balltik"},"content":{"rendered":"

Territor tashm\u00eb autentikisht rus, i krijuar duke u nisur nga nj\u00eb tabula rasa etnike dhe historike me p\u00ebrjashtimin e gjerman\u00ebve t\u00eb Prusis\u00eb Lindore m\u00eb 1945, rajoni aktual i federuar ka rr\u00ebnj\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta q\u00eb e kan\u00eb thell\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe n\u00eb historin\u00eb e perandoris\u00eb cariste, t\u00eb Lituanis\u00eb, t\u00eb Polonis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Bjellorusis\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaliningradi (ish K\u00f6nigsberg) nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ripopulluar p\u00ebr her\u00ebn e par\u00eb m\u00eb 1945: ajo kishte qen\u00eb duke filluar nga shekulli i XIII nga gjerman\u00ebt n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb balltik\u00ebve pagan\u00eb t\u00eb Borussia. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb konfliktit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb bot\u00ebror supremacia kolonizuese dhe universaliste teutone thjesht ja ka l\u00ebn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn nj\u00eb tjetre, asaj t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik, i t\u00eb cilit sot Rusia i \u00ebsht\u00eb trash\u00ebgimtare e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb. Rajoni i Kaliningradit p\u00ebrb\u00ebn objektin e rivendikimeve territoriale pakashum\u00eb t\u00eb deklaruara t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fqinj\u00ebve, v\u00ebllez\u00ebr ish pronar\u00eb t\u00eb tij: Lituanis\u00eb, Polonis\u00eb, Gjermanis\u00eb, Bjellorusis\u00eb. Lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet v\u00ebrejtur deri interesi i Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb kontekstin e deg\u00ebzimeve t\u00eb Rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb M\u00ebndafshit t\u00eb saj. Si t\u00eb thuash se kjo tok\u00eb ngjall n\u00eb Balltik, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kudo tjet\u00ebr, kujtime dhe tundime rr\u00ebnjosjeje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare apo perandorake. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e tij, balltike, gjermanike, sllave dhe sovjetike, Kaliningradi p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ndarjeje t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs ku luhet rezultati i p\u00ebrplasjes s\u00eb madhe atlantiko \u2013 euraziatike.<\/p>\n

Oqeani, fitorja dhe Romanov\u00ebt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaliningradi ka lindur sepse Bashkimi Sovjetik d\u00ebshironte gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb siguronte n\u00eb Balltik nj\u00eb port sa m\u00eb n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb ishte e mundur p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur leht\u00ebsisht ngushticat daneze dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, oqeanet. Q\u00ebllimi ishte strategjik, por jo ekskluzivisht ushtarak. Faktikisht, ka qen\u00eb peshkimi industrial i kryer n\u00eb Atlantidhe m\u00eb tej motori i zhvillimit t\u00eb ri socioekonomik dhe shkencor i nj\u00eb rajoni t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar totalisht nga lufta. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb\u00a0 Kaliningradi ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb port i madh sovjetik bot\u00ebror, roli i t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar vet\u00ebm me perestrojk\u00ebn. Ky dimension per\u00ebndimoro \u2013 rus i Kaliningradit \u00ebsht\u00eb themelor. Etnikisht rus, por i nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb ish Prusin\u00eb gjermanike, qyteti \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsie rajonesh ruse t\u00eb orientuara drejt Europ\u00ebs, bashk\u00eb me Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgun dhe Ingrian, Pskovin dhe Smolenskun. Ajo q\u00eb ne e quajm\u00eb \u201cEurop\u00eb ruse\u201d luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb pozicionimin gjeopolitik t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs, q\u00eb duket gjithmon\u00eb e orientuar sidomos drejt per\u00ebndimit, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn kulturalisht. Gjeohistorikisht nj\u00eb cop\u00eb e Europ\u00ebs Qendrore, Kaliningradi e t\u00ebrheq Rusin\u00eb dhe i \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht nj\u00eb spiranc\u00eb, duke i shtuar nj\u00eb dimension gjerman q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb shum\u00eb shpesh n\u00eb drejtimin e shtetit rus duke filluar nga Pjetri i I i Madh (1672 \u2013 1725). Emmanuel Kant (1724 \u2013 1804), filozofi nga K\u00f6nigsberg, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson simbolin e rivendikuar t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj lidhjeje me Europ\u00ebn. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar q\u00eb Rusia aktuale, politikisht shum\u00eb sh\u00ebn pet\u00ebrsburgase, rinovohet n\u00eb drejtimin rus n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb kontradiktore sovjetiko \u2013 komuniste.<\/p>\n

Kaliningradi \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb vend i kujtes\u00ebs ruse. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb simboli territorial i fitores ndaj Rajhut t\u00eb Tret\u00eb: Bashkimi Sovjetik donte ta ankoronte avancimin e tij n\u00eb territorin armik dhe kjo n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb koalicioni t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sllav\u00ebve (rus\u00eb, polak\u00eb dhe \u00e7ek\u00eb) kund\u00ebr pangjermanizmit. Nga 1991, vet\u00ebm ky rajon, me nj\u00eb cop\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb Karelis\u00eb dhe Ishujve Kurile, kujton se Rusia ka triumfuar ndaj Boshtit. Nj\u00eb aspekt jo pak i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, duke qen\u00eb se fitorja e 1945 p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb prej kujtimeve t\u00eb rralla q\u00eb mbledhin konsensus t\u00eb madh n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ruse. M\u00eb 9 maj \u00ebsht\u00eb festa kryesore komb\u00ebtare dhe Kaliningradi i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson mish\u00ebrimin gjeografik. Kjo tok\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb direkt e lidhur me rip\u00ebrcaktimin e identitetit rus dhe prestigjin e saj t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimuar nga Bashkimi Sovjetik, si edhe n\u00eb ambiciet e tij europiane dhe bot\u00ebrore. Nga k\u00ebtu dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb reciproke nj\u00eb zem\u00ebrim i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb mediatik atlantist kund\u00ebr rajonit nga 1991, por n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Kaliningradit gjendet n\u00eb Rusi kujtimi i fitores s\u00eb Gumbinnen (shtator 1914) dhe ndoshta sidomos ajo e betejave napoleoniane (Eylau, Friedland n\u00eb 1807) q\u00eb jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e letr\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Lev Tolstoj, q\u00eb \u00e7do rus e njeh.<\/p>\n

Ky dimension historik i kujton edhe shtetit q\u00eb Prusia lindore e qendro \u2013 veriut nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ruse p\u00ebr her\u00ebn e par\u00eb n\u00eb 1945: ajo ishte pushtuar dhe tashm\u00eb e aneksuar zyrtarisht (1759 m\u00eb 1762) nga perandoria e car\u00ebve gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb 7 Viteve dhe e braktisur n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb aleancave. M\u00eb par\u00eb akoma, Prusia Lindore duket se ka qen\u00eb djepi i Romanov\u00ebve: nj\u00eb princ balltik pagan i Prusis\u00eb (Borussia) e shekullit t\u00eb XIII, Mikhail Glanda Kambila nga Divon (i lindur n\u00eb 1280) i gjuajtur nga teuton\u00ebt (pra jo me origjin\u00eb ruse) rezulton pararend\u00ebsi i par\u00eb i bojard\u00ebve moskovit\u00eb, q\u00eb jan\u00eb ngjitur n\u00eb fronin rus n\u00eb 1610, n\u00ebn mbiemrin Romanov. Leibnitz nuk hezitonte t\u00eb thoshte se Pjetri i I i Madh dhe Prusia \u201cishte feud i trash\u00ebguar i tij\u201d. Efektivisht, Romanov\u00ebt e fundit jan\u00eb kanonizuar nga kisha ortodokse ruse n\u00eb 2000, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb referim historik i p\u00ebrdorur nga Kremlini alternativ ndaj komunizmit. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb indirekte, por historikisht t\u00eb provuar, Prusia Lindore ruse ruan ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt me zemr\u00ebn e Rusis\u00eb aktuale: Europa ruse si Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburgu tep\u00ebr per\u00ebndimor, origjin\u00eb e nj\u00eb dinastie t\u00eb shenjt\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb identifikuar me popullin rus n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij.<\/p>\n

Lituania dhe Lituania e vog\u00ebl<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lituania (pavar\u00ebsisht d\u00ebshir\u00ebs s\u00eb saj) ka qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, pra e Bashkimit Sovjetik, bashk\u00eb me Rusin\u00eb. Pavar\u00ebsisht ose p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb fatit historik, Lituania ushqen ende sot rivendikime territoriale mbi rajonin e Kaliningradit, q\u00eb sot dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb entitet monoetnik rus. K\u00ebto rivendikime jan\u00eb t\u00eb lashta dhe i v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi lituan\u00ebt t\u00eb konceptojn\u00eb limitet, fluide dhe t\u00eb gjera, t\u00eb territorit dhe t\u00eb etnis\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i referohen. N\u00eb shekullin e XIII, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e pushtimit teuton dhe t\u00eb princit t\u00eb Prusis\u00eb Kambila, Lituania sh\u00ebrben si vendstrehim p\u00ebr pagan\u00ebt balltik\u00eb nga murgj\u00ebrit kalor\u00ebs. Duket se Prusia Lindore, n\u00eb epok\u00ebn balltike e quajtur Borussia apo Prutenia, ka ushtruar nj\u00eb supremaci fetare pagane ndaj lituan\u00ebt q\u00eb qysh at\u00ebhere kan\u00eb pushuar s\u00eb rivendikuari deri n\u00eb fundin e Rendit Teuton m\u00eb 1525.<\/p>\n

Ngrehina etnogjuh\u00ebsore e Lituanis\u00eb n\u00eb fundin e shekullit t\u00eb XIX i ka rindezur rivendikime t\u00eb tilla. Nacionalist\u00ebt lituan\u00eb formulojn\u00eb identitetin e tyre komb\u00ebtar mbi baz\u00ebn e nj\u00eb gjuhe t\u00eb kodifikuar brenda kufijve prusiano \u2013 lituan\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin e XIV nga pastor\u00ebt lituan\u00eb. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjetme midis dialektit lituan dhe asaj q\u00eb ruan prestigjin e t\u00eb shkruarit. Ajo furnizon qasjen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rivendikim mbi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Prusin\u00eb Linore, tashm\u00eb me gjuh\u00eb balltike, dhe sidomos mbi t\u00eb gjitha territoret n\u00eb veri t\u00eb lumit Pregel, e mbiquajtur Lituania e Vog\u00ebl. Nga 1919 ky rivendikim avancohet n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb Rajhut t\u00eb Dyt\u00eb t\u00eb mundur, me aneksimin e rajonit t\u00eb Klaipeda (Memel) m\u00eb 1923.<\/p>\n

Por mbetet ende mesi jugor, midis Niemen dhe Pregel, q\u00eb mbetet gjerman. Gjat\u00eb epok\u00ebs sovjetike, ky problem paraqitet disa her\u00eb nga komunist\u00ebt lituan\u00eb, por pa sukses. Duke filluar nga 1991 deputet\u00ebt nacionalist\u00eb, diplomat\u00ebt dhe kreu i shtetit Vytautas Landsbergis, i b\u00ebhen promotor\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht njohjes s\u00eb kufijve ruso \u2013 lituane, t\u00eb ratifikuara reciprokisht n\u00eb 1997. Ky rivendikim p\u00ebrkthehet simbolikisht me emrin q\u00eb k\u00ebta nacionalist\u00eb ia atribuojn\u00eb Kaliningradit: \u201cRajon Karaliaucius\u201d, version i lituanizuar nga emrin gjerman K\u00f6nigsberg. Nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb si nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb refuzuar njohjen e faktit q\u00eb rajoni \u00ebsht\u00eb ripopulluar t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

Nga 2016 asistohet n\u00eb paroksizmin e rivendikimeve lituane. Ato kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb tani me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kompleksin e federuar t\u00eb Kaliningradit dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb till\u00eb, disa z\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb NATO, sidomos polak\u00eb, e kan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur zyrtarisht, por k\u00ebto rivendikime e kan\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb? N\u00eb koh\u00eb paqeje ato mbesin pezull n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb \u00ebndrr\u00ebs ultranacionaliste. Kapacitetet e aksionit politik lituan jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta, edhe me kufijt\u00eb e tij imediat\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb kontekstin e nj\u00eb lufte NATO \u2013 Rusi, Lituania do t\u00eb rezultonte e para e interesuar dhe, duke mbajtur parasysh mb\u00ebshtetjen q\u00eb ka mundur t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj aleance, mund t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb avantazhe. Megjithat\u00eb, duhet mbajtur parasysh p\u00ebr nj\u00eb situat\u00eb \u201cde facto\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr milionin e rus\u00ebve q\u00eb banon territorin n\u00eb fjal\u00eb. Efektivisht, p\u00ebr shtetin lituan, k\u00ebta rus\u00eb jan\u00eb \u201cpushtues\u201d dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u2019u \u201cp\u00ebrz\u00ebn\u00eb\u201d. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, Lituania do t\u00eb transformohej n\u00eb rikolonizuese t\u00eb tokave t\u00eb v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve t\u00eb tij t\u00eb lasht\u00eb t\u00eb Borussia.<\/p>\n

Polonia: midis kthimit ekonomik dhe rolit historik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ashtu si Lituania, interesi specifik i Polonis\u00eb p\u00ebr Prusin\u00eb Lindore \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i lasht\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb polak, Duka Korrad i I i Masovia apo Konrad Mazowiecki (1187 \u2013 1247), q\u00eb th\u00ebrret teuton\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar balltik\u00ebt pagan\u00eb t\u00eb Borussia. Teuton\u00ebt pushtojn\u00eb thelbin e Borussia, por b\u00ebhen t\u00eb pavarur; qysh at\u00ebhere Polonia nuk resht s\u00eb kujtuari t\u00eb drejtat e saj mbi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Prusin\u00eb Lindore, deri sa t\u2019i siguroj\u00eb sovranitetin indirekt (1525) mbi territorin. \u00cbsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb till\u00eb q\u00eb mbreti i Polonis\u00eb, Sigizmund Jagelloni (1520 \u2013 1572), krijon nj\u00eb dukat t\u00eb Prusis\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar mbi nj\u00eb territor t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me rreth at\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar nga rajoni i Kaliningradit dhe ruan t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb revokoj\u00eb duk\u00ebn gjermanik. Ja pse Polonia do t\u00eb refuzoj\u00eb kategorikisht ta njoh\u00eb mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Prusis\u00eb s\u00eb Hohenzollern deri n\u00eb ndarjen vdekjeprur\u00ebse t\u00eb Polonis\u00eb: i vetmi mbret i Prusis\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ve\u00e7se ai i Polonis\u00eb. N\u00eb 1918, me t\u00eb fituar pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb, polak\u00ebt rivendikojn\u00eb nj\u00eb cop\u00eb t\u00eb Prusis\u00eb Lindore, por jo Kaliningradin aktual. Do t\u00eb jet\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 1944 \u2013 1945, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb negociatave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr kufijt\u00eb e Polonis\u00eb, q\u00eb do ta rivendikoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb\u00a0 Kaliningradin aktual, si shp\u00ebrblim p\u00ebr humbjet e p\u00ebsuara n\u00eb lindje. M\u00eb tej, polak\u00ebt t\u00ebrhiqen p\u00ebr territoret n\u00eb lug t\u00eb lumit Pregel. S\u00eb fundi, ata e braktisin \u00e7\u00ebshtjen n\u00ebn presionin e Bashkimit Sovjetik.<\/p>\n

Duke filluar nga 1989 hapja e kufijve favorizon nj\u00eb influenc\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb ekonomike dhe gjuh\u00ebsore polake mbi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn jugore t\u00eb rajonit rus, p\u00ebrfshi qytetin e Kaliningradit. Efektivisht \u00ebsht\u00eb sidomos nga Polonia q\u00eb vijn\u00eb importet. Ky integrim progresiv n\u00eb ekonomike polake \u00ebsht\u00eb, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, reciprok: rajonet e Prusis\u00eb polake jan\u00eb edhe ata t\u00eb varur nga treg\u00ebtia me Kaliningradit. Interesat polake rezultojn\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme pasi mund t\u00eb ripropozoj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e rivendikimeve t\u00eb mundshme, q\u00eb do t\u00eb rigjuanin at\u00eb t\u00eb 1944 e t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XVII. Shoqata politike minoritare i kan\u00eb formuluar gjat\u00eb viteve \u201890; sot duken shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb forta n\u00eb nj\u00eb Polonie q\u00eb shikohet si nj\u00eb xhandar i Europ\u00ebs Qendrolindore, por at\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb ripropozuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb zyrtare dhe Polonia ka mb\u00ebshtetur ato t\u00eb Lituanis\u00eb n\u00eb 2016. Faktikisht, midis t\u00eb gjith\u00eb aktor\u00ebve t\u00eb implikuar, Polonia \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb humbur, pasi duke rihapur \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e kufijve t\u00eb lashta gjermane rrezikon q\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebnohet t\u00eb humbas\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn veriper\u00ebndimore t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb saj, t\u00eb fituara nga Gjermania n\u00eb 1945.<\/p>\n

Gjermania: nj\u00eb dyfisht\u00ebsi politke dhe kulturore<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edhe Gjermania z\u00eb nj\u00eb rol n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e Prusis\u00eb Lindore. T\u00eb kuptohemi, i gjith\u00eb territori i Kaliningradit i ka p\u00ebrkitur nga 1255 n\u00eb 1945, ve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash, me nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb; pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb territor gjendej zemra simbolike e shtetit dhe dinastis\u00eb prusiane t\u00eb Hohenzollern, q\u00eb kuror\u00ebzonin mbret\u00ebr dhe i varrosnin n\u00eb K\u00f6nigsberg \u2013 Kaliningrad. 2 milion prusian\u00ebt e p\u00ebrz\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb 1945 dhe t\u00eb strehuar n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn Federale i kan\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb dometh\u00ebnie m\u00eb shum\u00eb k\u00ebtij simboli t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm real dhe komb\u00ebtar: Prusia Lindore, martire e luft\u00ebs me spostime vdekjeprur\u00ebse t\u00eb saj. \u00cbsht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst q\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1990 Prusia Lindore si t\u00eb gjitha territoret n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb Oder-Neisse shfaqen n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha atlaset e Republik\u00ebs Federale si \u201cterritore gjermane n\u00ebn pushtim\u201d. Traktati mbi kufijt\u00eb i 1990 i jep fund k\u00ebsaj paqart\u00ebsie, por nga 1985 landet l\u00ebshohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb ambicioze kulturore n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb domeneve t\u00eb lashta gjermane. Duke filluar nga 2000, kjo politik\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb rekuperim t\u00eb prestigjit t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb rajonale. Agjent\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb financojn\u00eb restaurimin e nd\u00ebrtesave, rizbulimin e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, historis\u00eb dhe gjerman\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb rajonit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kaliningrad rezultati p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohet nga nj\u00eb rikompozim identitar q\u00eb e b\u00ebn grupin e ri rajonalist rus si bart\u00ebs t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb prusiano \u2013 gjermane. K\u00ebta rus\u00eb jan\u00eb rrall\u00eb gjermanishtfol\u00ebs, por n\u00eb aspektin kulturor jan\u00eb dhe k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulin mbi specificitetin e tyre kulturor apo mbi cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb sub-ethnos<\/em>. Vet\u00eb ky fenomen i rigjermanizimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijes \u00ebsht\u00eb nga ana tjet\u00ebr i v\u00ebrejtsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Silezi, Pomerani dhe Prusin\u00eb polake. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Republika Federale ka mbajtur nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb shembullore lidhur me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen: nuk ekziston asnj\u00eb rivendikim nga ana e saj. Por aktivizmi intensiv i landeve q\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nganj\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb mendohet e kund\u00ebrta dhe, sidomos, nj\u00eb politik\u00eb kaq efikase nuk kam\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr rivendikime: jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit lokal\u00eb, p\u00ebr sa jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rus\u00eb, q\u00eb tentojn\u00eb t\u00eb rivendikohen n\u00eb bot\u00ebn gjermanike dhe mundet, n\u00eb momentin e duhur, t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb 2016 ndryshon situata. Me rritjen e tensioneve Rusi \u2013 NATO, misione ushtarake atlantike d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb vendet balltike dhe ai n\u00eb Lituani komandohet nga nj\u00eb oficer i Republik\u00ebs Federale. Fakt q\u00eb papritmas i vendos ushtarak\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb n\u00eb kufirin e Prusis\u00eb Lindore. Kalimi nga nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie kulturore e privilegjuar dhe e brendshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb militarizuar t\u00eb jashtme me Kaliningradin rievokon spektrin e nj\u00eb rianeksimi, m\u00eb pak t\u00eb larg\u00ebt nga sa mund t\u00eb dukej m\u00eb 2010. Efektivisht, prania ekonomike dhe politike gjermane rezulton shum\u00eb e fort\u00eb, si edhe n\u00eb Prusin\u00eb polake dhe n\u00eb vet\u00eb Lituanin\u00eb. Ky rrethim gjerman de facto i Kaliningradit t\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb reflektosh, edhe pse vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb luft\u00eb paneuropiane mund ta shtyj\u00eb Republik\u00ebn Federale t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb m\u00eb larg n\u00eb rigjermanizim.<\/p>\n

Bjellorusia: trash\u00ebgimtari tjet\u00ebr i Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe i Borussia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bjellorusia harrohet sistematikisht kur flitet p\u00ebr Kaliningradin. Gabimisht, pasi b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb aktor t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb implikuar n\u00eb krijimin e tij. Nacionalist\u00ebt bjellorus\u00eb vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb se Kaliningradi ka qen\u00eb me shumic\u00eb bjellorus n\u00eb vitet e para t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs sovjetike. Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, Bjellorusia ka nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt me Prusin\u00eb Lindore: Bjellorusia z\u00eb territorin e Dukatit t\u00eb Madh t\u00eb Lituanis\u00eb. M\u00eb thell\u00eb akoma, Borussia e vjet\u00ebr pagane sthrihej edhe n\u00eb veriper\u00ebndimin bjellorus (Rutenia e zez\u00eb). N\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb till\u00eb, edhe Bjellorusia, nj\u00eblloj me Lituanin\u00eb, mund t\u00eb konsiderohet nj\u00eb prej trash\u00ebgimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebsak Borussia, por Bjellorusia nuk e mohon t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e saj sovjetike dhe k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb akumulon edhe k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt n\u00eb gar\u00ebn e saj p\u00ebr Kaliningradin.<\/p>\n

Efektivisht ky rajon rus ka nj\u00eb interes themelor p\u00ebr Bjellorusin\u00eb: p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson daljen detare m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt; nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Prusis\u00eb Lindore q\u00eb kalonte historikisht treg\u00ebtia bjelloruse. Vet\u00eb presidenti Aleksandr Lukashenko ka mbajtur nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim ambig ndaj rajonit duke filluar nga vitet 2000, duke manifestuar nj\u00eb interes specifik p\u00ebr tokat bujq\u00ebsore. Sigurisht, Bjellorusia nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e gatshme ta diskutoj\u00eb Kaliningradin me Rusin\u00eb, por nuk mund t\u00eb \u00e7interesohen n\u00eb list\u00ebn e pretenduesve n\u00eb rastin e nj\u00eb t\u00ebrheqjeje ruse (shum\u00eb e pangjar\u00eb), sidomos sepse b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nyje t\u00eb detyruar p\u00ebr komunikimet tok\u00ebsore Mosk\u00eb \u2013 Kaliningrad dhe, potencialisht, Pekin \u2013 Kaliningrad. Efektivisht, n\u00eb 2020 \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur unioni i detyruar i Rusis\u00eb dhe nga Bjellorusia, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kap\u00eb n\u00eb fitimin e saj nj\u00eb rajon p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ajo, p\u00ebr gjeografin\u00eb e saj, ka nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb reale. Mbetet p\u00ebr t\u2019u njohur se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoj\u00eb ky union kaq i uruar, por edhe aq i rreziksh\u00ebm, duke filluar nga shpallja e zhurmshme e saj m\u00eb 1999.<\/p>\n

Kaliningradi: nj\u00eb dalje p\u00ebr Rrug\u00ebn e M\u00ebndafshit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 2017, n\u00eb kontekstin e tensioneve NATO \u2013 Rusi dhe p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb histori, anije lufte kineze kan\u00eb lundruar n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Kaliningradit, duke demonstruar nj\u00eb interes p\u00ebr rajonin. Duke e ditur se Rruga e M\u00ebndafshit kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr Bjellorusi dhe se p\u00ebrfundon qysh n\u00eb Poloni, nj\u00eb prani kineze n\u00eb Kaliningrad nuk do t\u00eb ishte kaq surprizuese shpejt. Ky interes \u00ebsht\u00eb demonstrimi flagrant i sa vlera e atribuar Kaliningradit i tejkalon kufijt\u00eb e rajonit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl rus dhe sa tensionet q\u00eb progresivisht po akumulohen nga \u00e7do an\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen shp\u00ebrthyese. Si n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e saj Prusia Lindore, Kaliningradi mbetet nj\u00eb front strategjik kulturor midis bot\u00ebve t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit (kristiane katolike, Rajheve, BE \u2013 NATO) dhe t\u00eb Lindjes (pagane, ruse ortodokse, perandori mongole islamike, pra Eurazi kino \u2013 ruse).<\/p>\n

(nga Storica<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Territor tashm\u00eb autentikisht rus, i krijuar duke u nisur nga nj\u00eb tabula rasa etnike dhe historike me p\u00ebrjashtimin e gjerman\u00ebve t\u00eb Prusis\u00eb Lindore m\u00eb 1945, rajoni aktual i federuar ka rr\u00ebnj\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta q\u00eb e kan\u00eb thell\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe n\u00eb historin\u00eb e perandoris\u00eb cariste, t\u00eb Lituanis\u00eb, t\u00eb Polonis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Bjellorusis\u00eb. Kaliningradi (ish K\u00f6nigsberg) nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28788"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28788\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}