{"id":27852,"date":"2022-11-01T10:52:45","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T10:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=27852"},"modified":"2022-11-01T10:52:45","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T10:52:45","slug":"keshtu-vdiq-e-majta-gjermane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2022\/11\/01\/keshtu-vdiq-e-majta-gjermane\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00ebshtu vdiq e majta gjermane"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>1933: Socialdemokracia kishte shp\u00ebtuar vendin, por votuesit nuk i qen\u00eb mir\u00ebnjoh\u00ebs. P\u00ebr\u00e7arjet p\u00ebrpara Hitlerit b\u00ebn\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Qeveria e re e qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb djatht\u00eb kishte nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar p\u00ebr njohje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Llogarit\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe. Pa kredit, n\u00eb Europ\u00eb rrezikohej falimentimi. Kreu i ri i qeveris\u00eb njoftoi se do t\u00eb mbante nj\u00eb fjalim n\u00eb parlament p\u00ebr ta siguruar Europ\u00ebn. I k\u00ebrkoi opozit\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u2019i jepte nj\u00eb dor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zmusuar moskuptimet n\u00eb rritje n\u00eb kryeqytetet e huaja. Opozita ishte m\u00eb e p\u00ebr\u00e7ar\u00eb se kurr\u00eb. Vazhdonin t\u00eb grindeshin midis sakt\u00ebsisht si\u00e7 kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, bile m\u00eb shum\u00eb se m\u00eb par\u00eb. Centrist\u00ebt paraqit\u00ebn nj\u00eb mocion ku miratonin \u201cdeklaratat e paqes\u201d t\u00eb Hitlerit, por i k\u00ebrkohej Europ\u00ebs \u201ct\u00eb drejta t\u00eb barabarta p\u00ebr popullin gjerman\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb pushonin se marruri me Gjermanin\u00eb. Ai q\u00eb kryesonte seanc\u00ebn ishte numri dy i partis\u00eb fituese t\u00eb zgjedhjeve, Hermann G\u00f6ring. Nuk pranoi mocione t\u00eb tjera. Partia kryesore opozitare, SPD (<em>Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands<\/em>), tashm\u00eb ishte e p\u00ebr\u00e7ar\u00eb m\u00eb dysh. N\u00eb ndryshim nga nazist\u00ebt, nuk kishin nj\u00eb lider, vet\u00ebm kryetar grupi parlamentar. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb kishte zgjedhur tashm\u00eb t\u00eb shkonte jasht\u00eb vendit, t\u00eb themelonte nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr n\u00eb ekzil, n\u00eb Prag\u00eb. Ftonin q\u00eb t\u00eb bojkotohej seanca. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr, mahoritare, kishte vendosur se derikur Hitleri dhe nazist\u00ebt q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb aspektin e kushtetut\u00ebs republikane, do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb b\u00ebhej beteja n\u00eb parlament. Than\u00eb se qen\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cekzagjeruara\u201d lajmet e shfaqura n\u00eb shtypin e huaj rreth arrestimeve, persekutimeve dhe mizorive n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb s\u00eb majt\u00ebs dhe hebrenjve. Deri kishin dal\u00eb nga Internacionalja Socaliste pasi k\u00ebta nuk reshtnin s\u00eb kritikuari Gjermanin\u00eb naziste. N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb zyrave t\u00eb mira t\u00eb drejtuara Europ\u00ebs, shpresonin q\u00eb naizist\u00ebt t\u2019i lironin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rob\u00ebrit n\u00eb kampet e p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit, t\u00eb lejonin s\u00ebrish botimin e gazetave partiake, t\u00eb pezulluara <em>sine die<\/em>. 22 deputet\u00eb t\u00eb SPD qen\u00eb n\u00eb ekzil, 17 qen\u00eb n\u00eb burg, nj\u00ebri ishte vrar\u00eb, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr kishte kaluar n\u00eb grupi nazist. Komunist\u00ebt qen\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb jasht\u00eb ligjit prej koh\u00ebsh, grupi drejtues ishte strehuar n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb, ku do t\u00eb mendonte Stalini t\u2019i vriste. Prej 65 deputet\u00ebve socialdemokrat\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm, 48 votuan n\u00eb favor t\u00eb mocionit centrist. Prej deputeteve femra, nj\u00ebra Toni (Antonia) Pf\u00fclf, e dezertoi seanc\u00ebn dhe u vet\u00ebvra pak jav\u00eb m\u00eb pas.<\/p>\n<p>Kishin r\u00ebn\u00eb me kok\u00eb n\u00eb kurthin politik e ngritur nga Hitleri. U justifikuan duke mb\u00ebshtetur se nuk kishin ar\u00ebsye p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb mocioni \u201cpaq\u00ebsor\u201d. Paqe, por edhe respekt nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr Gjermanin\u00eb ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb pozicioni yn\u00eb, ky qe deklarimi i vot\u00ebs i Paul L\u00f6be, president i ri i Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb votimit salla shp\u00ebrtheu n\u00eb nj\u00eb duartrokitje t\u00eb zjarrt\u00eb, e udh\u00ebhequr nga Hitleri personalisht, \u201cIshte sikur ne socialdemokrat\u00ebt, gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb mallkuar si bij t\u00eb zgjedhur t\u00eb Gjermanis, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pakt qen\u00eb shtr\u00ebnguar n\u00eb gjirin e M\u00ebm\u00ebdheut\u201d, do t\u00eb kujtonte m\u00eb pas n\u00eb kujtimet e tij socialdemokrati bavarez Wilhelm H\u00f6gner. Ndodhte m\u00eb 17 maj 1933. Hitleri ishte em\u00ebruar kancelar m\u00eb 30 janar. N\u00eb politiket e m\u00ebparshme NSDAP (Partia Nacionalsocialiste e Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve Gjerman\u00eb) kishte pasur pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 30%. M\u00eb 27 shkurt kishte ndodhur djegia e Rajhshtagut, e atribuar nj\u00eb komunisti hollandez jo n\u00eb vete, e pasuar nga shtr\u00ebngimi i par\u00eb i vidave ndaj opozit\u00ebs. M\u00eb 5 mars Gjermania kishte rivotuar me pistolet\u00ebn tek koka, por as k\u00ebsaj radhe Hitleri nuk kishte arritur t\u00eb kishte mazhoranc\u00ebn. Pati nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr vot\u00ebn e 73 centrist\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar m\u00eb 24 mars t\u00eb ashtuquajturin \u201cDekret t\u00eb pushteteve t\u00eb plota\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin duhej nj\u00eb mazhoranc\u00eb prej 2\/3 (q\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm nazist\u00ebt nuk e kishin, por nuk e shikonin as me dylbi). \u201cLigj p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrimin e dhimbjes s\u00eb vuajtur nga populli dhe nga Rajhu\u201d, titulli i ligjit. Hitleri kishte premtuar solemnisht se pushtetet e plota do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme, nuk do t\u00eb sillnin modifikime t\u00eb kushtetut\u00ebs. Faktikisht i lejuan qysh nga ai moment e m\u00eb pas t\u00eb vendoste pa parlamentin dhe m\u00eb pas, me vdekjen e Hindenburg, t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndronte mbi personin e tij edhe postin e presidentit t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs, kundrapesha e vetme e mbetur, dhe t\u00eb nxirrte jasht\u00eb ligjit t\u00eb gjitha partit\u00eb e tjera, p\u00ebrfshi aleat\u00ebt. E gjitha kjo ishte zhvilluar me shpejt\u00ebsi, me kthes\u00eb koke, n\u00eb harkun e pak jav\u00ebve.<\/p>\n<p>Thuajse sikur historia nuk donte t\u2019u linte t\u00eb humburve as koh\u00ebn e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb diskutuar sesi dhe psen\u00eb e asaj q\u00eb kishte ndodhur. SPD nuk ia doli n\u00eb koh\u00eb as t\u00eb mbante nj\u00eb kongres. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb prillin e ardhsh\u00ebm, me vez\u00ebn e b\u00ebr\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ngr\u00ebn\u00eb, do t\u00eb mbante nj\u00eb lloj konference organizative. Vazhdonin t\u00eb diskutonin n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb merrnin vendime, midis tyre dhe me aleat\u00ebt e mundsh\u00ebm. E kishin t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ta merrnin veten pas goditjes. Dukeshin shum\u00eb boksier\u00eb t\u00eb mbaruar q\u00eb t\u00eb ringriheshin n\u00eb komb\u00eb, por nuk e kuptojn\u00eb akoma se nga ku ka ardhur grushti. \u201cJemi mundur dhe duhet ta rifillojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka nga fillimi\u201d, vazhdonte t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebriste Otto Wels, lideri historik, duke u l\u00ebkundur midis pesimizmit t\u00eb thell\u00eb dhe optimizmit voluntaristik. K\u00ebmb\u00ebngulte q\u00eb Hitleri nuk do t\u00eb zgjaste shum\u00eb. Plaku i nderuar Kautsky e kuptonte se \u201ckund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt tani jan\u00eb fuqimisht n\u00eb shal\u00eb\u201d, por vazhdonte nj\u00ebherazi t\u00eb thoshte se ishte i bindur q\u00eb regjimi shpejt do t\u00eb shembej n\u00ebn pesh\u00ebn e jokompetenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre. \u201cGjermania nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb Italia. Berlini nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb Roma. Hitleri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb Mussolini\u201d, do t\u00eb titullonte \u201cVorw\u00e4rts\u201d (q\u00eb n\u00eb gjermanisht n\u00ebnkupton \u201cP\u00ebrpara!\u201d) pak p\u00ebrpara se nazist\u00ebt ta mbyllnin gazet\u00ebn. N\u00eb tetorin e 1933, kur Hitleri \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb padron absolut i Gjermanis\u00eb, Rudolf Hilferding, studiuesi i <em>Kapitalit financiar<\/em>, ish minist\u00ebr i Ekonomis\u00eb, i konsideruar nj\u00eb prej mendjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb kthjell\u00ebta t\u00eb socialdemokracis\u00eb gjermane, e kupton se \u201cshtresa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb popullit gjerman, n\u00eb mos mazhoranca, e mb\u00ebshtesin diktatur\u00ebn, deri me entuziaz\u00ebm\u201d, q\u00eb \u201cnacionalsocialist\u00ebt kan\u00eb fituar pushtetin e konvergjenc\u00ebs antikapitalistike dhe nacionaliste\u201d dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb miks i pazakont\u00eb i nacionalizmit dhe populizmit q\u00eb sheh nga e majta, por vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrkundet, n\u00eb iluzionin se \u201cpolitika ekonomike e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb re do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb me shpejt\u00ebsi n\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimin e ekonomis\u00eb dhe, bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb, edhe t\u00eb regjimit nacionalsocialist\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7far\u00eb i kishte verbuar? N\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb kishin gabuar? N\u00eb mbrojtjen me kok\u00ebfort\u00ebsi, deri n\u00eb fund, demokracin\u00eb dhe kushtetut\u00ebn e republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veimarit p\u00ebrball\u00eb ekstremizmave t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta revolucionare (komunist\u00ebt nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb dhe nacionalsocialist\u00ebt nga tjetra)? Q\u00eb kishin mb\u00ebshtetur besnik\u00ebrisht <em>Grosse Koalition <\/em>me qendr\u00ebn dhe partin\u00eb Liberal \u2013 Demokratike? Q\u00eb i kishin besuar drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa politik\u00ebs? Carl Severing, ministri socialdemokrat i Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Prusis\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar k\u00ebrkoi deri ta skualifikoj\u00eb Hitlerin nga zgjedhjet me argumentin se kishte lindur n\u00eb Austri dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, nuk ishte gjerman. Gabimi fatal i socialdemokrat\u00ebve kishte qen\u00eb ndoshta se kishin pranuar t\u00eb qeverisnin, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb fytyr\u00ebn e tyre, me nj\u00eb kancelar t\u00eb tyrin, Hermann M\u00fcller, p\u00ebrkrah me <em>Zentrum <\/em>katolik dhe me dy parti t\u00eb tjera jo t\u00eb majta, n\u00eb nj\u00eb prej momenteve m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira? Kishin shp\u00ebtuar vendin, por votuesit nuk i qen\u00eb mir\u00ebnjoh\u00ebs. SPD kishte p\u00ebsuar hemoragjin\u00eb e votave dhe t\u00eb konsensuseve midis shtresave popullore, n\u00eb favor t\u00eb komunist\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb nazist\u00ebve. Pa llogaritur se ajo qeveri e mir\u00ebkuptimeve t\u00eb gjera m\u00eb pas kishte rr\u00ebshqitur, n\u00eb momentin e nj\u00eb krize vendimtare, mbi nj\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb thuajse qesharake: nj\u00eb mosdakord\u00ebsi mbi kontributet sociale (n\u00ebse duhej t\u00eb r\u00ebndonte mbi pagat apo mbi industrialist\u00ebt). Kushedi se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thon\u00eb historian\u00ebt e s\u00eb ardhmes mbi qeverin\u00eb Draghi q\u00eb ra mbi pisll\u00ebkun, mbi n\u00ebse t\u00eb b\u00ebhej ose jo nj\u00eb termovalorizator.<\/p>\n<p>SPD do t\u00eb vazhdonte t\u2019i dhuronte gjak edhe qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb m\u00ebpasme, asaj t\u00eb kancelarit Br\u00fcning, q\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur nmj\u00eb falimentim dhe nj\u00eb hiperinflacion katastrofik t\u00eb ri kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb dhimbshme rregulli. P\u00ebrfundoi duke e mbytur rritjen, prodhoi miliona t\u00eb paun\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb vet\u00eb radh\u00ebt socialdemokrate kishte q\u00eb i kishte paralajm\u00ebruar dhe bile kishte treguar ila\u00e7et. Vladimir Woytinsky, nj\u00eb emigrant q\u00eb punonte si ekspert statistike n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn studimore t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs s\u00eb Sindikatave, kishte p\u00ebrpunuar nj\u00eb \u201cPlan p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar vende pune\u201d. P\u00ebr t\u00eb bindur ngurruesit e nevoj\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb programi shokues pun\u00ebsh publike (nj\u00eb lloj PNRR) kishte ftuar n\u00eb Berlin as m\u00eb pak e as m\u00eb shum\u00eb se John Maynard Keynes. Keynes u p\u00ebrgjigj me mir\u00ebsjellje, por nuk erdhi. Duket se e shkurajuan presionet e qeveris\u00eb gjermane q\u00eb i frik\u00ebsohej se mos rekomandonte zhvler\u00ebsimin e doj\u00e7mark\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb shum\u00eb von\u00eb. \u201cHitler e kishte gjetur tashm\u00eb kur\u00ebn kund\u00ebr papun\u00ebsis\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb se Keynes t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte p\u00ebr ta shpjeguar se pse verifikohej\u201d, m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do ta thoshte 30 vite m\u00eb pas ekonomistja Joan Robinson. N\u00eb 1933 ishte si t\u2019i gjuaje p\u00ebllumbit. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb i hidheshin n\u00eb kurriz socialdemokrat\u00ebve. Nga \u00e7do an\u00eb. I akuzonin se qen\u00eb vet\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb pushteti elektoral dhe administrativ, nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb burokrat\u00ebsh t\u00eb shlir\u00eb nga \u201cmasat\u201d, nga nevojat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve (drejtuesit politik\u00eb dhe sindikal\u00eb quheshin me p\u00ebrbuzje \u201cmashtrues\u201d). Ka q\u00eb vazhdon akoma sot t\u00eb thot\u00eb se i ka gabuar t\u00eb gjitha, se ka b\u00ebr\u00eb aleancat e gabuara, se nuk kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb koalicion n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb, edhe elektroalisht, ngritjen e Hitlerit.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb let\u00ebr, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb shikim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb tabelave t\u00eb shum\u00eb zgjedhjeve q\u00eb u mbajt\u00ebn menj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb em\u00ebrimit si kancelar i Hitlerit, rezulton se SPD ishte n\u00eb thuajse t\u00eb gjitha parti e par\u00eb. Duke mbledhur votat e tyre me ato t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Komuniste dhe ato t\u00eb partive t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs dhe liberale, mazhoranc\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb qeverisur do ta kishin pasur ata. Ashtu si n\u00eb let\u00ebr, duke mbledhur votat e PD, Polit t\u00eb Tret\u00eb dhe M5S n\u00eb zgjedhjet e fundit politike rezulton se do t\u00eb kishin mundur t\u00eb fitonin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb kolegjeve uniem\u00ebrore dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, zgjedhjet. Natyrisht q\u00eb nuk funksionon k\u00ebshtu. Politika nuk b\u00ebhet n\u00eb let\u00ebr. Nuk ka shum\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb qahet mbi qum\u00ebshtin e dershur. Gj\u00ebja m\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb se kandidat\u00ebt e nj\u00eb kolaicioni alternativ me at\u00eb q\u00eb solli n\u00eb pushtet Hitlerin (nacionalsocialist\u00eb plus konservator\u00eb t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs, at\u00ebbot\u00eb t\u00eb konsideruar edhe m\u00eb djathtas se nazist\u00ebt) vazhduan t\u00eb grindeshin fuqish\u00ebm, edhe pas humbjes. Komunist\u00ebt i quanin \u201csocialfashist\u00eb\u201d socialdemokrat\u00ebt. Socialdemokrat\u00ebt qen\u00eb t\u00eb bindur (jo pa ar\u00ebsye) se komunist\u00ebt qen\u00eb t\u00eb pabesuesh\u00ebm, se objektivi i tyre ishte vet\u00ebm dob\u00ebsimi i SPD. I ankoheshin se pat\u00ebn votuar n\u00eb Rajhshtag bashk\u00eb me nazist\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbytur qeverit\u00eb reformiste. Nj\u00eb diskutim pak m\u00eb i err\u00ebt vazhdoi edhe pas em\u00ebrimit t\u00eb Hitlerit si kancelar. Dikur propozonte t\u00eb bashkohej e majta. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb propozonin nj\u00eb lloj \u201cfushe t\u00eb gjer\u00eb\u201d. Mazhoranca mbetej e kapur pas nj\u00eb vizioni \u201cklasor\u201d: borgjezia (liberale apo koservatore q\u00eb t\u00eb ishte) nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, klasa pun\u00ebtore nga ana tjet\u00ebr, <em>Mittelstand<\/em>, klasa e mesme e vjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb mes. Natyrisht q\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduan p\u00ebr t\u00eb humbur si nj\u00ebra pal\u00eb, ashtu edhe tjetra. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb propozonin q\u00eb Partia Socialdemokrate e lavdishme t\u00eb shkrihej n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje. Sindikatat mendonin se mund t\u00eb vazhdohej t\u00eb ushtrohej zanati i tyre cilidoqoft\u00eb q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb qeveri. Nuk pat\u00ebn koh\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebnin nj\u00eb diskutim serioz, t\u00eb shpiknin as lider\u00eb t\u00eb rinj, as t\u00eb vlenin. U p\u00ebrlan\u00eb, t\u00eb gllab\u00ebruar nga zhvillime q\u00eb nuk i kontrollonin dhe ndoshta as nuk i kuptonin. \u201cQem\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb ngjarjeve m\u00eb shum\u00eb se cilado parti tjet\u00ebr e \u00e7do vendi tjet\u00ebr\u201d, do t\u00eb thoshte Wels, tashm\u00eb n\u00eb ekzil, n\u00eb Kongresin e Internacionales Socialiste n\u00eb gushtin e 1933.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, SPD nuk ishte parti\u00e7k\u00eb. N\u00eb 1928, kur nazist\u00ebt qen\u00eb akoma n\u00eb 2.6%, kishte marr\u00eb e vetme 29.8% t\u00eb votave. Qeveriste Prusin\u00eb, q\u00eb e vetme kishte 2\/3 e popullsis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb landeve t\u00eb tjera. Kishte 889 kryebashkiak\u00eb, dhjet\u00ebramij\u00ebra k\u00ebshilltar\u00eb komunal\u00eb. Botonte mbi 200 gazeta. Kishte nj\u00eb prani kapilare n\u00eb territor, me 9544 seksionet e saj. Me di\u00e7ka si 200000 funksionar\u00eb me rrog\u00eb ishte kompania kryesore e vendit. Kishte 1 milion an\u00ebtar\u00eb partie, t\u00eb cil\u00ebs i shtoheshin rreth 5 milion an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e ADGB (<em>Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund<\/em>, Federat\u00ebs s\u00eb P\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb Sindikatave), dhe 3 milion an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e <em>Reichbanner<\/em>, shoqat\u00ebs paraushtarake t\u00eb vet\u00ebmbrojtjes, plus nj\u00eb miriad\u00eb shoqatash kulturore, kooperativash, shoqatash sportive, qarqesh rikrijuese, me miliona an\u00ebtar\u00eb. Kishin tufa me kuadro dhe drejtues. Megjithat\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka u daravit si d\u00ebbora n\u00eb diell, n\u00eb m\u00eb pak sesa thuhet. U desh\u00ebn pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 10 vjet q\u00eb t\u00eb kalonte furtuna Hitler dhe SPD t\u00eb rilind\u00ebte nga g\u00ebrmadhat. Pa ju dashur ta ndryshoj\u00eb emrin: Partia Socialdemokrate n\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb Federale, me nj\u00eb mbiem\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb, Partia Socialiste e Bashkuar n\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb Lindore. Gjaku nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb uj\u00eb. SPD quhet akoma partia e kancelarit Scholz. Nj\u00eb rind\u00ebrtim i k\u00ebnaqsh\u00ebm i k\u00ebtyre ndodhive mund t\u00eb gjendet tek <em>German Social Democracy and the Rise of Nazism <\/em>i Donna Harsch (University of North Carolina Press 2009). Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e sakt\u00eb e debateve dhe e humbjes progresive t\u00eb kuptimit t\u00eb realitetit nga ana e drejtuesve t\u00eb socialdemokracis\u00eb gjermane (p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos folur p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt) \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb tashm\u00eb klasikun <em>Kriza e Weimar. Kriz\u00eb e sistemit dhe humbje operative <\/em>e Gian Enrico Rusconi. Mbi figurat kryesore n\u00eb lidershipin e SPD: <em>Confronting Hitler: German Social Democrats in Defense of the Weimar Republic, 1929-1933<\/em> i William Smaldone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(nga <em>Il Foglio<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1933: Socialdemokracia kishte shp\u00ebtuar vendin, por votuesit nuk i qen\u00eb mir\u00ebnjoh\u00ebs. P\u00ebr\u00e7arjet p\u00ebrpara Hitlerit b\u00ebn\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Qeveria e re e qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb djatht\u00eb kishte nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar p\u00ebr njohje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Llogarit\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe. Pa kredit, n\u00eb Europ\u00eb rrezikohej falimentimi. Kreu i ri i qeveris\u00eb njoftoi se do t\u00eb mbante nj\u00eb fjalim n\u00eb &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":27853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27852"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27852"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27852\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}