Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon dhe Microsoft: k\u00ebto kompani duket se p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb element\u00ebt e fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb krahut t\u00eb armatosur t\u00eb soft power dhe t\u00eb ekspansionizmit amerikan.<\/p>\n
Fuqia dhe pasuria e disa kompanive amerikane q\u00eb operojn\u00eb n\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb e reja sfidojn\u00eb shtetet e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Akronimi GAFAM cakton m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhat\u00eb midis tyre: Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon dhe Microsoft. Dhe lista mund t\u00eb zgjatet me Netflix, Tesla, Airbnb (kompania e sh\u00ebrbimeve on demand) dhe Uber (kompani transportesh on demand) apo akoma Zoom Video Communications, softuer mbledhjesh online q\u00eb ka njohur nj\u00eb rritje thuajse eksponenciale n\u00eb vijim t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb s\u00eb Covid 19.<\/p>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i vog\u00ebl biznesesh q\u00eb kontrollon bot\u00ebn dixhitale, nga informatika personale e shfaqur gjat viteve \u201880 (personal kompjuter\u00ebt e par\u00eb dol\u00ebn n\u00eb treg n\u00eb 1977) deri n\u00eb rrjetet sociale, duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr shitjen on line, muzik\u00ebn, kineman\u00eb dhe sektor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb madhe, si inteligjenca artificiale (n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, kompania amerikane NVDIA \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb vendin e 20 nd\u00ebr bizneset m\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuara n\u00eb burs\u00eb) apo menaxhimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (Oracle \u00ebsht\u00eb e 49).<\/p>\n
Shifrat e k\u00ebtij dominimi jan\u00eb d\u00ebrrmuese. E krijuar n\u00eb 1998 nga Larry Page dhe Sergey Brin, Google menaxhon qysh nga viti i ardhsh\u00ebm 500000 k\u00ebrkesa n\u00eb dit\u00eb, nj\u00eb shif\u00ebr e ngjitur sot n\u00eb 6.9 miliard (80000 n\u00eb sekond\u00eb!). biznesi q\u00eb siguron 96% t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave nga publiciteti dhe menaxhon motorin k\u00ebrkues m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur sot posedon rreth 90% t\u00eb tregut bot\u00ebror t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave. Posedon ReCaptcha (softuer verifikimi), Waze (aplikim navigimi rrugor p\u00ebr dispozitiv\u00ebt mobil\u00eb), DoubleClick (kompani sh\u00ebrbimesh internetore), YouTube (ndarje dhe vizualizim n\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebrmbajtesh audiovizive) dhe Android (sistem operativ p\u00ebr dispozitiv\u00eb smartfon dhe tablet).<\/p>\n
E lindur n\u00eb 1976 prej vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb Steve Jobs, Apple ka qen\u00eb nga ana e saj nj\u00eb prej aktor\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb informatik\u00ebs personale n\u00eb vitet \u201880, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb investonte n\u00eb sektorin e muzik\u00ebs on line, fush\u00eb ku \u00ebsht\u00eb impnuar duke filluar nga 2993 me lan\u00e7imin e iTunes Music Store, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e smartfon\u00ebve, me lan\u00e7imin e iPhon\u00ebve n\u00eb 2007. N\u00eb vitin 2018 kapitalizimi i saj n\u00eb burs\u00eb kishte arritur 1000 miliard dollar\u00ebt, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ekuivalentin e PBB s\u00eb Indonezis\u00eb, nj\u00eb fakt i paprecedent n\u00eb industrin\u00eb private; n\u00eb gushtin e 2020 ka arritur t\u00eb tejkaloj\u00eb 2000 miliard\u00ebt, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ekuivalentin e PBB s\u00eb Franc\u00ebs. 81% e t\u00eb ardhurave burojn\u00eb nga fabrikimi i harduerit.<\/p>\n
Rrjet social i krijuar n\u00eb 2004 nga Mark Zuckerberg dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, Facebook posedohet dhe menaxhohet nga kompania Meta Platforms (em\u00ebrtim i marr\u00eb nga 2021), ka arritur shifr\u00ebn e 1.8 miliard p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm aktiv\u00eb n\u00eb 2020, prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 milion n\u00eb Itali dhe rreth 2.7 miliard p\u00ebrdorues aktiv\u00eb mujor\u00eb. Posedon rrjetin social Istagram (2010: sh\u00ebrbim rrjeti social me p\u00ebrmbajtje video), WhatsApp (mesazheri e atyp\u00ebratyshme) dhe Oculus Rift (realitet virtual). 98% e t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb saj buron nga publiciteti. Sot Facebook \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmi midis rrjeteve sociale, q\u00eb duke ndjekur shembullin e pionierit jan\u00eb shum\u00ebfishuar, si Twitter (2006: sh\u00ebrbim lajmesh dhe mikroblogingu), Tumbir (2007: rrjet social, mikrobloging) apo akoma.<\/p>\n
I krijuar n\u00eb 1994, Amazon \u00ebsht\u00eb gjigandi i kat\u00ebrt i internetit. N\u00eb harkun e pak viteve, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb supertreg bot\u00ebror. N\u00eb 2019 n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara menaxhonte rreth 45% t\u00eb treg\u00ebtis\u00eb on line; n\u00eb 2021 menaxhon 20% t\u00eb asaj bot\u00ebrore. Rritja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar me pandemin\u00eb e Covid 19: n\u00eb tremujorin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb 2020 Amazon ka p\u00ebrparuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet e Europ\u00ebs duke arritur kuota m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb tregut sipas produkteve, q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb nga 14% e produkteve ushqimore n\u00eb 65% t\u00eb elektronik\u00ebs dhe elektrosht\u00ebpijakeve. N\u00eb disa vende ky proporcion \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb i lart\u00eb: n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara Amazon menaxhon 75% t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb librave elektronik\u00eb (2018), nd\u00ebrsa 82% e t\u00eb ardhurave totale t\u00eb tij buron nga treg\u00ebtia on line. Themeluesi i tij, Jeff Bezos, \u00ebsht\u00eb njeriu m\u00eb i pasur n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n
E krijuar nga Bill Gates dhe Paul Gardner Allen, Microsofti \u00ebsht\u00eb sot lideri bot\u00ebror i sektorit t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve dhe i sistemeve t\u00eb menaxhimit (sisteme operativ\u00eb dhe cloud computing<\/em>), me nj\u00eb kuot\u00eb tregu t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar n\u00eb 90%, por \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eblloj e pranishme n\u00eb sektor\u00eb si motor\u00ebt e k\u00ebrkimit, rrjete sociale apo videoloj\u00ebra. 62% e t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb saj buron nga realizimi i softuer\u00ebve. Posedon Hotmail (Outlook.com, menaxhim poste elektronike), Nokia Devices & Services (smartfon), Skype (softuer p\u00ebr mesazhistik\u00ebn dhe VoIP), LinkedIn (rrjet social p\u00ebr kontakte profesionist\u00ebsh), GitHub (softer), Activision Blizzard (videoloj\u00ebra).<\/p>\n N\u00eb realitet GAFAM nuk do t\u00eb ishte tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se pema q\u00eb fsheh pyllin: prapa saj ekziston n\u00eb fakt nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi biznesesh amerikane, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb ndodhura n\u00eb Silicon Valley t\u00eb Kalifornis\u00eb. Jo vet\u00ebm kompanit\u00eb e GAFAM dominojn\u00eb sektor\u00ebt e tyre respektiv\u00eb, por e zgjerojn\u00eb rrezen e tyre t\u00eb veprimit duke vazhduar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u2019i diktojn\u00eb rregullat e loj\u00ebs, pik\u00ebrisht si Amazon, q\u00eb n\u00eb majin e 2021 ka bler\u00eb MGM (Metro Goldwin Mayer) dhe katalogun e saj prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 4000 filmash, t\u00eb v\u00ebna n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb klient\u00ebve t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit Amazon Prime; Amazon ka bler\u00eb edhe t\u00eb drejtat e transmetimit t\u00eb takimeve sportive (turneut t\u00eb tenisit t\u00eb Parisit, Premier League n\u00eb Angli, etj.).<\/p>\n Konkurrent\u00eb serioz\u00eb n\u00eb Azi<\/strong><\/p>\n Ky fenomen dominimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ndonj\u00eb risi: \u00ebsht\u00eb i krahasuesh\u00ebm me at\u00eb q\u00eb ka ndodhur midis fundit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX dhe fillimit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XX kur kompanit\u00eb amerikane kan\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb pozicion emergjent n\u00eb sektorin e naft\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb lubrifikant\u00ebve (Standard Oil), t\u00eb produkteve t\u00eb konsumit (Ford me automobilin, Gillette me brisqet e rrojes\u2026) apo me kultur\u00ebn (Hollywood, me kineman\u00eb; Columbia, me fonografin). P\u00ebr nj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb caktuar GAFAM nuk b\u00ebn gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se ndjek nj\u00eb proces amerikanizimi t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn projektimi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i kompanive amerikane ka luajtur nj\u00eb rol themelor n\u00eb eksportimin e produkteve dhe t\u00eb praktikave t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. N\u00eb pamje t\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb afirmim i till\u00eb duket se ka forc\u00ebn e evidenc\u00ebs p\u00ebrve\u00e7se t\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb v\u00ebrtete, por situata praktike nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe aq e thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrcaktuar.<\/p>\n Efektivisht, n\u00ebse GAFAM ka dominuar revolucionin numerik n\u00eb fillimet e tij, peizazhi industrial ka p\u00ebsuar ndryshime duke filluar nga dekada e dyt\u00eb e mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb ri dhe n\u00ebse Shtetet e Bashkuara rezultojn\u00eb akoma n\u00eb pozicion dominues do t\u00eb ishte e ekzagjeruar t\u00eb thuhej se posedojn\u00eb nj\u00eb pozicion hegjemonist. Faktikisht, n\u00ebse b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr hegjemoni, ajo kufizohet, n\u00ebse mund t\u00eb thuhet, n\u00eb kontinentin amerikan dhe europian. N\u00eb Afrik\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Azi situata duket m\u00eb pak e qart\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm pse statistikat jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb besueshme, n\u00eb mos joekzistente, por edhe pse n\u00eb zona t\u00eb tilla ekzistojn\u00eb konkurrent\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Mjafton t\u00eb shikohet motori k\u00ebrkimor Google. Pjesa e tij e tregut t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb e anashkalueshme n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, ku nuk kalon 2% n\u00eb 2021. Tregu kinez, m\u00eb dinamiku n\u00eb bot\u00eb, dominohet nga motor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, si Baidu, q\u00eb menaxhon 70% t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave. Nevojitet nj\u00eblloj t\u00eb v\u00ebrehet se n\u00eb Rusi Google nuk g\u00ebzon nj\u00eb pozicion hegjemonist, pasi motori k\u00ebrkimor rus Yandex N.V. zinte rreth 54% t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave n\u00eb 2018.<\/p>\n Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e muzik\u00ebs on line dhe t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb streaming<\/em>, ku amerikan\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vetmit. Platformat e Apple, YouTube apo Amazon praktikisht duhet t\u00eb prballojn\u00eb nj\u00eb konkurrenc\u00eb luftarake nga ana e suedezes Spotify, q\u00eb dominon tregun bot\u00ebror t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit muzikor n\u00eb 2020 (155 milioni abonent\u00eb kundrejt 60 milion\u00ebve p\u00ebr Apple music<\/em>), por edhe nga ana e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, t\u00eb mir\u00ebkonsoliduar n\u00eb vendet e tyre t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs, si kinez\u00ebt e QQ Music, Kugou dhe Kuwo, apo akoma indian\u00ebt e Gaana dhe JioSaavn. Duhet shtuar se tregje t\u00eb tjera ku bizneset amerikane po p\u00ebrballen me nj\u00eb konkurrenc\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb, si n\u00eb Lindje t\u00eb Mesme (me platform\u00ebn Anghami), n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb (me Boomplay Music) apo akoma n\u00eb Koren\u00eb e Jugut (MelOn) dhe n\u00eb Franc\u00eb (Deezer, streaming multimedial).<\/p>\n N\u00eb tregun e smartfon\u00ebve, Apple e ka humbur vendin e par\u00eb n\u00eb 2016, n\u00eb favor t\u00eb kolosit jugkorean Samsung, q\u00eb realizon 22% t\u00eb shitjeve bot\u00ebrore n\u00eb tremujorin e par\u00eb t\u00eb 2021, kundrejt 15% t\u00eb Apple dhe 14% t\u00eb kinezit Xiaomi. S\u00eb fundmi, n\u00ebse Amazon rezulton n\u00eb vendin e par\u00eb t\u00eb tregut bot\u00ebror t\u00eb treg\u00ebtis\u00eb on line, Alibaba dominon nj\u00eb treg kinez n\u00eb ekspansion t\u00eb plot dhe aktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb rajonal\u00eb e tejkalojn\u00eb Amazon n\u00eb zona t\u00eb caktuara gjeografike, si Jumia n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb,\u00a0 argjentinasen MercadoLibre n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb Latine apo biznesin e Singaporit Shopee, q\u00eb mbret\u00ebron n\u00eb Juglindjen aziatike. N\u00ebse mbi ar\u00ebsyen n\u00eb shkall\u00eb bot\u00ebrore duket e qart\u00eb se jasht\u00eb Europ\u00ebs, gjigand\u00ebt e GAFAM kan\u00eb konkurrent\u00eb luftarak\u00eb, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb kinez\u00ebt e Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent (Facebook kinez) dhe Xiaomi, q\u00eb kan\u00eb edhe ato nj\u00eb akronim: BATX (Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent dhe Xiaomi). Hegjemonia kineze e bizneseve amerikane t\u00eb tregut dixhital duket m\u00eb shum\u00eb se zbulon paaft\u00ebsin\u00eb europiane e ngritjes n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb t\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit kalib\u00ebr q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb konkurrojn\u00eb n\u00eb tregjet respektive.<\/p>\n Rikthimi i shtetit<\/strong><\/p>\n Fuqia e GAFAM gjith\u00ebsesi nuk duhet n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuar. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e konsiderueshme dhe ngre dy probleme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr shtetet. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn ekonomike, ku pozicioni dominues ka p\u00ebrfunduar p\u00ebr t\u2019i preokupuar qeverit\u00eb, n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, por edhe n\u00eb Europ\u00eb: gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb nisur procedime p\u00ebr t\u00eb shqyrtuar m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn bizneset e GAFAM kan\u00eb fituar start up e mundshme q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen konkurrent\u00ebt e tyre. N\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara Komisoni Antitrust i Dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve ka miratuar n\u00eb tetorin e 2020 nj\u00eb raport ku sugjerohet shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e GAFAM. Paralelisht, nga fundi i 2020 lloje t\u00eb tilla procedimesh jan\u00eb shmu\u00ebfishuar kund\u00ebr Apple, Google, Amazon dhe Facebook nga ana e disa shteteve federale amerikane apo edhe nga Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuara dhe t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb prirura p\u00ebr abuzim pozicioni dominues. Prokurori i Distriktit t\u00eb Columbia ka lan\u00e7uar n\u00eb majin e 2021 procedimin e par\u00eb gjyq\u00ebsor kund\u00ebr Amazon p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn ar\u00ebsye. Bashkimi Europian dhe Australia jan\u00eb hedhur n\u00eb nj\u00eb betej\u00eb legjislative p\u00ebr t\u2019i detyruar gjigand\u00ebt e big tech <\/em>t\u00eb shp\u00ebrblejn\u00eb gazetat apo botuesit t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u p\u00ebrdorin p\u00ebrmbajtjet. K\u00ebto procedime juridike evidentojn\u00eb dhe dokumentojn\u00eb reagimin e shteteve p\u00ebrball\u00eb fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb kompanive. Po verifikohet nj\u00eb pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi n\u00eb rritje kundrejt strategjive t\u00eb optimizimit fiskal t\u00eb GAFAM, q\u00eb u ka mund\u00ebsuar k\u00ebtyre kompanive t\u00eb ark\u00ebtojn\u00eb fitime kolosale.<\/p>\n Nga kjo pik\u00ebpamje, pandemia e Covid 19 ka sh\u00ebnuar ndoshta nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim vet\u00ebdijeje: fitimet e realizuara nga disa kompani duken jo korrekte p\u00ebrball\u00eb shpenzimeve gjiganteske t\u00eb shteteve p\u00ebr t\u00eb penguar r\u00ebnien e ekonomis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. N\u00ebse GAFAM kan\u00eb njohur gjat\u00eb 20 viteve t\u00eb para t\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb tret\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme, nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb e till\u00eb ka arritur ndoshta pik\u00ebn e kthes\u00ebs, si\u00e7 tesktohet nga parmi i adoptuar n\u00eb qershorin e 2021 nga ana e G7 e nj\u00eb taksimi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar prej 15%.<\/p>\n Metoda agresive<\/strong><\/p>\n Problemi i dyt\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i paraqitur nga fuqia e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb me natyr\u00eb etike, por edhe politike, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb sasis\u00eb s\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale t\u00eb poseduara nga k\u00ebto kompani. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ta interpretosh GAFAM si krahun e mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb armatosur t\u00eb imperializmit ekonomik amerikan p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb vizion semplicist t\u00eb problemit. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb evidenton afera Cambridge Analitica, i shp\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb 2018: nj\u00eb kompani e till\u00eb e themeluar nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs konservatore amerikane ka shfryt\u00ebzuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale e disa dhjet\u00ebra miliona p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb Facebook me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhap\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet sociale mesazhe t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr Brexit dhe zgjedhjen e Donald Trump. Gjith\u00eb k\u00ebsaj i shtohet edhe interferenca e mundshme e Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjen presidenciale t\u00eb 2016 n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet rrjeteve sociale. Riperkusionet jan\u00eb edhe me natyr\u00eb gjeopolitike. Praktikisht, n\u00eb marsin e 2018, administrata Trump ka votuar Cloud Act<\/em>, q\u00eb ia ka atrobuar qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e aksesit n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ruajtura nga GAFAM lidhur me kompanit\u00eb dhe individ\u00ebt n\u00eb \u00e7do cep t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Ky ligj ekstraterritorial i hap rrug\u00ebn shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb tilla nga ana e qeveris\u00eb federale p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimet e siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb, Rusia nuk ka q\u00ebndruar duarkryq dhe ka reaguar duke riatdhesuar totalitetin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb saj n\u00eb serverat e vendosur n\u00eb territorin e saj.<\/p>\n Por GAFAM \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e soft power amerikan. N\u00ebse suksesi i saj varet nga risit\u00eb teknike q\u00eb ajo ka ditur t\u00eb transformoj\u00eb n\u00eb produkte atraktive, metodat agresive treg\u00ebtare t\u00eb saj dhe mb\u00ebshtetja sistematike e marr\u00eb nga qeveria amerikane n\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarizimin e saj (Shtetet e Bashkuara i jan\u00eb kund\u00ebrv\u00ebn\u00eb \u00e7do taksimi, sidomos nga ana e qeverive europiane) evidentojn\u00eb var\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj nga hard power amerikan. Fuqia e GAFAM p\u00ebrb\u00ebn vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb komponente t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb ekonomike politike dhe kulturore amerikane. Si t\u00eb gjitha pushtetet, edhe ky nuk mund t\u2019i tejkaloj\u00eb limite t\u00eb caktuara: pra \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm nj\u00eb aksion kontrolli dhe rregullimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e pakontrollueshme. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ndoshta nj\u00eb prej sfidave madhore t\u00eb dekadave t\u00eb ardhshme.<\/p>\n (nga Geopoliticus<\/em>)<\/p>\n P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon dhe Microsoft: k\u00ebto kompani duket se p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb element\u00ebt e fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb krahut t\u00eb armatosur t\u00eb soft power dhe t\u00eb ekspansionizmit amerikan. Fuqia dhe pasuria e disa kompanive amerikane q\u00eb operojn\u00eb n\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb e reja sfidojn\u00eb shtetet e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Akronimi GAFAM cakton m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhat\u00eb midis tyre: Google, Apple, Facebook, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23927,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23926"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23926"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23926\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}