{"id":18634,"date":"2022-07-25T09:23:55","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T09:23:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdnews.al\/?p=18634"},"modified":"2022-07-25T09:23:55","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T09:23:55","slug":"perreth-detit-te-zi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/2022\/07\/25\/perreth-detit-te-zi\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrreth Detit t\u00eb Zi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Histori, gjeopolitik\u00eb, ekonomi<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb historin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, rajoni p\u00ebrreth Detit t\u00eb Zi ka nohur shum\u00eb dominues aziatik\u00eb dhe europian\u00eb. Aktualisht jan\u00eb 3 aktor\u00ebt q\u00eb avancojn\u00eb pretendimet e tyre t\u00eb influenc\u00ebs ndaj tij: Turqia, Rusia dhe Bashkimi Europian bashk\u00eb me Shtetet e Bashkuara, edhe pse fiton nj\u00eb rol gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm fluksi i Kin\u00ebs. Agresioni rus n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ende n\u00eb zhvillim. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb prezantimin e aktor\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, preferojm\u00eb t\u00eb kufizohemi n\u00eb pozicionin e Turqis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs, sidomos sepse impenjimi kinez tregon r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb nivel bot\u00ebror t\u00eb nj\u00eb rajoni t\u00eb till\u00eb, duke ofruar ve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash me metodat e saj nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb ndaj nd\u00ebrhyrjeve t\u00eb forta politike dhe ushtarake t\u00eb aktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, por \u00e7far\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptohet tamam kur flitet p\u00ebr rajonin e Detit t\u00eb Zi? N\u00eb aspektin gjeografik, \u00ebsht\u00eb ai rajon q\u00eb shkon nga Ballkani n\u00eb Kaukaz dhe nga stepat n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb deri n\u00eb Anadoll. Nga pik\u00ebpamja politike, n\u00eb fakt rajoni p\u00ebrfshin vendet q\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb brigjet e k\u00ebtij deti: Turqia, Gjeorgjia, Rusia, Ukraina, Rumania dhe Bullgaria. \u00cbsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb rajon m\u00eb i gjer\u00eb i Detit t\u00eb Zi: k\u00ebtij i p\u00ebrkasin vendet t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar Deklarat\u00ebn e Organizat\u00ebs p\u00ebr Bahsk\u00ebpunimin Ekonomik i Detit t\u00eb Zi (Charter of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation<\/em>), dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, p\u00ebrtej vendeve t\u00eb cituar m\u00eb par\u00eb, edhe Shqip\u00ebria, Greqia, Moldavia, Armenia dhe Azerbaixhani.<\/p>\n

Historia e formimit t\u00eb Detit t\u00eb Zi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deti i Zi ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb liqen me uj\u00eb t\u00eb \u00ebmb\u00ebl. N\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb pas nj\u00eb basen uji t\u00eb kripur me nj\u00eb akses n\u00eb Mesdhe \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e debatuar akoma sot midis gjeolog\u00ebve. \u00cbsht\u00eb e sigurt\u00eb se n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar Bosfori ka ceduar, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu origjin\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme me Mesdheun. Kjo rrug\u00eb komunikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme prej rreth 7000 vitesh. Ekzistojn\u00eb teori t\u00eb ndryshme sesi \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur n\u00eb situat\u00ebn aktuale. Disa mendojn\u00eb se 7000 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb ndodhi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytje gjiganteske e Detit t\u00eb Zi, ku disa shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb e pranojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn flet Bibla. Midis shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve q\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb teori jan\u00eb Walter Pitman dhe William Ryan, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb vitet \u201990 botuan nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr q\u00eb ngjalli buj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebm. Ato theksonin q\u00eb n\u00eb fundin e epok\u00ebs s\u00eb akullnajave akullnajat qen\u00eb shkrir\u00eb, duke e ngritur k\u00ebshtu me shum\u00eb nivelin e deteve; n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb Bosfori do t\u00eb derdhej me dhun\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme n\u00eb Detin e Zi, q\u00eb ndodhej n\u00eb fakt n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb e kontestojn\u00eb nj\u00eb teori t\u00eb till\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu gjeolog\u00ebt e Potsdamit, Helge Arz dhe Christian Borowski, mbi baz\u00ebn e disa karotazheve, kan\u00eb zbuluar pranin\u00eb e molusqeve t\u00eb ujit t\u00eb kripur edhe 100000 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebrmbytja e 7000 viteve m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb uji i kripur i par\u00eb q\u00eb ka ardhur n\u00eb Detin e Zi. Shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb e mohojn\u00eb q\u00eb kjo p\u00ebrmbytje ka pasur nj\u00eb dimension si ai i teorizuar nga Ryan dhe Pitman. Mendojn\u00eb n\u00eb fakt se uji i kripur nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb derdhur dhunsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Bosfor, por ka kaluar pak e nga pak.<\/p>\n

Emri i detit<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00eb ndryshme jan\u00eb hipotezat q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb shpjegohet se pse sot \u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur emri \u00abDet i Zi\u00bb. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, praktikisht, prej turbullir\u00ebs s\u00eb tij t\u00eb madhe shikueshm\u00ebria e ujit \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjysm\u00eb metri thell\u00ebsi, por n\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb historike emri ka nj\u00eb origjin\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Kur otoman\u00ebt pushtuan Anadollin, u desh q\u00eb t\u00eb gjenin nj\u00eb em\u00ebr p\u00ebr ta treguar k\u00ebt\u00eb liqen. N\u00eb fillim adoptuan emrin e dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga kolonizator\u00ebt venecian\u00eb dhe xhenovez\u00eb, q\u00eb e kishin quajtur \u00abDeti i Madh\u00bb. N\u00eb turqisht, shprehja i p\u00ebrkthye me \u00abKara Deniz\u00bb, por \u00abkara\u00bb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb mund t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte jo vet\u00ebm \u00abi madh\u00bb, por edhe i \u00aberr\u00ebt, i turbullt\u00bb. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, termi \u00abkara\u00bb e humbi dometh\u00ebnien i \u00abmadh\u00bb dhe ruajti vet\u00ebm at\u00eb t\u00eb \u00aberr\u00ebt\u00bb. K\u00ebshtu bullgar\u00ebt, ukrainasit dhe n\u00eb vijim rus\u00ebt kan\u00eb adoptuar emrin \u00abDeti i Zi\u00bb. Nj\u00eb shpjegim tjet\u00ebr i referohet turqve dhe otoman\u00ebve. N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit tregonin pikat kardinale me ngjyra: t\u00eb kuqen p\u00ebr jugun, blun\u00eb p\u00ebr lindjen, t\u00eb zez\u00ebn p\u00ebr veriun dhe t\u00eb bardh\u00ebn p\u00ebr per\u00ebndimin. Edhe deteve t\u00eb af\u00ebrta ji dhan\u00eb emrat korrespondues: Deti i Kuq n\u00eb jug, Deti i Bardh\u00eb n\u00eb per\u00ebndim (akoma sot, n\u00eb bullgarisht, serbish dhe maqedonisht, Egjeu quhet \u00abDeti i Bardh\u00eb\u00bb) dhe Deti i Zi n\u00eb veri.<\/p>\n

Historia e vendbanimeve<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar\u00ebve, n\u00eb Detin e Zi jan\u00eb ngulur popullsit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, aq sa nj\u00eb historian i Europ\u00ebs Lindore, Stefan Troebst, flet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u00abautostrad\u00eb e migrimit t\u00eb popujve\u00bb. Sidomos n\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arin e I B.C., thuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb popullsit\u00eb q\u00eb at\u00ebhere spostoheshin nga Lindja n\u00eb per\u00ebndim kan\u00eb kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr bregun verior e Detit t\u00eb Zi: hun\u00eb, shiit\u00eb, mongol\u00eb, ostrogot\u00eb, tatar\u00eb, grek\u00eb, venecian\u00eb, xhenovez\u00eb, otoman\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas rus\u00eb. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, rruga veriore e m\u00ebndafshit e prekte k\u00ebt\u00eb liqen. Edhe klima e but\u00eb \u2013 Deti i Zi gjendej n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb bregut mesdhetar francez \u2013 dhe terreni pjellor i b\u00ebnin t\u00ebrheq\u00ebs k\u00ebto vende. Qysh nga koh\u00ebrat m\u00eb t\u00eb thella, ky rajon u karakterizua nga nj\u00eb larmi e madhe etnike dhe kulturore. Flukse aziatike dhe greke qysh n\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi kontribuan n\u00eb formimin e qytet\u00ebrimeve mikste. Edhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebrat e dominimit t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Romake, rajoni mbeti nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kontakti dhe nj\u00eb vend migrimesh. Duke filluar nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb VII, kazar\u00ebt me origjin\u00eb turke e shtrin\u00eb dominimin e tyre edhe n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb brigjeve veriore dhe lindore t\u00eb Detit t\u00eb Zi dhe p\u00ebr tre shekuj nd\u00ebrtuan aty nj\u00eb fuqi lokale. N\u00eb shekullin e XIII, rajoni kaloi n\u00ebn dominimin e Hordhis\u00eb s\u00eb Art\u00eb, por kjo nuk i pengoi republikat marinare t\u00eb Venezia dhe t\u00eb Genova t\u2019i vendosnin kolonit\u00eb e tyre treg\u00ebtare p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb brigjeve. Pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Hordhis\u00eb s\u00eb Art\u00eb, rajoni kaloi n\u00ebn dominimin e Khanatit t\u00eb Krimes\u00eb dhe q\u00ebndroi deri n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb e shekullit t\u00eb XVIII. N\u00ebn egjid\u00ebn e Perandoris\u00eb Otomane dhe t\u00eb Khanatit t\u00eb Krimes\u00eb, u zhvillua nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb e mark\u00ebs islamike. K\u00ebto fuqi nd\u00ebrmor\u00ebn inkursione t\u00eb rregullat n\u00eb rajonet e stepave dhe pyjore t\u00eb veriut, t\u00eb banuara nga sllav\u00ebt, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb nj\u00eb pla\u00e7k\u00eb t\u00eb pasur, edhe n\u00eb termat e qenieve njer\u00ebzore. Banor\u00ebve t\u00eb Konfederat\u00ebs Polakon \u2013 Lituane dhe t\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs k\u00ebto pla\u00e7kitje shkaktonin nj\u00eb vuajtje t\u00eb pallogaritshme dhe d\u00ebme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha financiare. Nj\u00ebsit\u00eb kozake e p\u00ebrdorur nga kurora e Mosk\u00ebs dhe nga ajo polake nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u2019i ndalojn\u00eb k\u00ebto agresione. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb hapura, nuk ishte e mundur nj\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzim bujq\u00ebsor intensiv t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre zonave pjellore dhe veriu ishte tejet i ndar\u00eb nga Deti i Zi.<\/p>\n

Historia e gjeopolitik\u00ebs s\u00eb Detit t\u00eb Zi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prej koh\u00ebsh fuqi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha si europiane, ashtu edhe aziatike kryejn\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb paepur p\u00ebr kontrollin e k\u00ebtij territori, e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb aspektin strategjik, por edhe ekonomik. P\u00ebr t\u2019i kuptuar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb strategjike, duhet t\u00eb mendohet p\u00ebr pozicionin qendror t\u00eb sak p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt treg\u00ebtare q\u00eb nga veriu (rajoni i Detit Balltik) t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb Detin Mesdhe, ashtu si p\u00ebr ato midis kontinentit euraziatik dhe Europ\u00ebn. R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e Stambollit dhe e ngushtic\u00ebs q\u00eb \u00e7on nga Deti i Zi n\u00eb Detin Mesdhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e padiskutueshme. Por edhe pjesa veriore e k\u00ebtij deti ka nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi strategjike. Lumenjt\u00eb e m\u00ebdhenj q\u00eb nga veriu derdhen n\u00eb Detin e Zi i kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb kujt mbizot\u00ebronte n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb territor mund\u00ebsin\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar treg\u00ebtin\u00eb, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb spostuar trupe dhe furnizime n\u00eb rast lufte. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb Perandoria Otomane k\u00ebrkoi q\u00eb ta siguroj\u00eb bregun verior e Detit t\u00eb Zi n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb zinxhiri k\u00ebshtjellash, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuar ekspansionin e Rusis\u00eb, q\u00eb duke filluar nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb XVII, ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb drejtimin jugper\u00ebndimor. Rus\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn ta pushtojn\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn e par\u00eb turke qysh nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb XVII, por ju desh i gjith\u00eb shekulli i XVIII p\u00ebr t\u2019u vendosur q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb bregun verior t\u00eb basenit. Qysh at\u00ebhere vendbanimi i tyre n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb procedoi me shum\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi. Deri n\u00eb 1827, n\u00eb \u00abRusin\u00eb e Re\u00bb kishin arritur tashm\u00eb 800000 kolon\u00eb. N\u00ebse n\u00eb 1806 vet\u00ebm 6% e treg\u00ebtis\u00eb ruse me jasht\u00eb kalonte n\u00ebp\u00ebr portet e Detit t\u00eb Zi, n\u00eb 1816 kjo shif\u00ebr ishte rritur tashm\u00eb deri n\u00eb 16% dhe p\u00ebr eksportet e drith\u00ebrave kuota e treg\u00ebtis\u00eb n\u00eb Detin e Zi ishte n\u00eb 70%. Midis 1880 dhe 1914, niveli i impenjimit t\u00eb rajonit n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore ishte e krahasueshme n\u00eb koh\u00ebn ku ishte n\u00eb raport me republikat marinare t\u00eb Venezia e Genova dhe lidhte Kin\u00ebn me Europ\u00ebn. N\u00eb fundin e shekullit t\u00eb XIX dhe n\u00eb fillimin e shekullit t\u00eb XX, edhe vendburimet e qymyrit, fushat e drith\u00ebrave dhe puset e naft\u00ebs t\u00ebrhoq\u00ebn investitor\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por kjo situat\u00eb ndryshoi me Luft\u00ebn e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore dhe ngjitjen n\u00eb pushtet t\u00eb bolshevik\u00ebve. At\u00ebhere lindi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrplasje jo vet\u00ebm gjeopolitike, por edhe ideologjike midis nacionalizmit, q\u00eb dominonte n\u00eb Bullgari, Turqi dhe Rumani, dhe \u00abnd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarizimit\u00bb t\u00eb lidershipit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebto rrethana, n\u00eb shtetet jobolshevike ndodhi tentativa e par\u00eb p\u00ebr ta menduar, por edhe strukturar rajonin e Detit t\u00eb Zi si nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi e dallueshme. Objektivi ishte ai i krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb aleance midis shteteve t\u00eb vogla, p\u00ebr t\u2019i penguar fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb arrinin nj\u00eb pozicion dominues. I ashtuqujaturi \u00abProjekt Promete\u00bb (i quajtur k\u00ebshtu nga nj\u00eb gazet\u00eb e botuar n\u00eb Paris, Prom\u00e9th\u00e9e<\/em>) ishte nd\u00ebrtuar nga emigrant\u00eb t\u00eb ardhur nga shtete t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Lindire dhe nga Kaukazi, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt k\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb politike dhe ekonomike midis shteteve t\u00eb Detit t\u00eb Zi: Turqis\u00eb, Rumanis\u00eb, Bullgaris\u00eb dhe, n\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb, Gjeorgjis\u00eb dhe Ukrain\u00ebs. Kjo l\u00ebvizje nuk drejtohej vet\u00ebm kund\u00ebr bolshevik\u00ebve, por kund\u00ebr Rusis\u00eb si e till\u00eb. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebseus ukrainas i l\u00ebvizjes thoshte: \u00abMe krahun e majt\u00eb q\u00eb prek Polonin\u00eb, duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr rajonet miq t\u00eb kozak\u00ebve mbi Don, Kuban dhe t\u00eb Uraleve, dhe me krahun e djatht\u00eb q\u00eb shtrihet deri tek popujt e Azis\u00eb Qendrore, Turkestanin dhe rajonet e tjera, kjo aleanc\u00eb midis shtetesh do t\u00eb ndalet nj\u00eb her\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb definitive tendencat imperialiste t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, e kuqe apo e bardh\u00eb qoft\u00eb\u00bb.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse at\u00ebhere nuk mund t\u00eb realizoheshin idet\u00eb e l\u00ebvizjes, n\u00eb fundin e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore shtetet e tjera t\u00eb rajonit, si Rumania dhe Bullgaria, n\u00eb vijim t\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Jalt\u00ebs, hyn\u00eb n\u00eb bllokun e drejtuar nga Moska. \u00abLufta e Ftoht\u00eb\u00bb q\u00eb e pasoi p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb koh\u00eb paqeje relative. Nga ajo m\u00eb pas doli nj\u00eb konfigurim krejt\u00ebsisht i ri i rajonit. At\u00ebhere mund t\u00eb pohohej deri se p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nga koh\u00ebrat e lashta n\u00eb brigjet e Detit t\u00eb Zi kishte lindur nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb past\u00ebrtisht pluraliste. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, nuk mund t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit u persekutuan brutalisht, fillimisht me imponimin e detyruar t\u00eb kolkoz\u00ebve kund\u00ebr fshatar\u00ebve t\u00eb lir\u00eb, m\u00eb pas me urin\u00eb Holodomor <\/em>t\u00eb organizuar me vet\u00ebdije nga Stalini p\u00ebr t\u00eb thyer rezistenc\u00ebn e popullit ukrainas. Nga nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje historike, t\u00eb gjitha shtetet q\u00eb kan\u00eb kontrolluar Detin e Zi qen\u00eb qeveri perandorake \u2013 Perandoria Otomane dhe ajo Ruse \u2013 q\u00eb kan\u00eb arritur ta shmangin nd\u00ebrhyrjen e fuqive t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb pun\u00ebt e rajonit. N\u00eb vitin 1936 u firmos \u00abKonventa e Montreux\u00bb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb garantonte statuskuon\u00eb. Traktati i pengonte shtetet q\u00eb nuk ndodheshin n\u00eb Detin e Zi t\u00eb vendosnin baza ushtarake t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme n\u00eb brigjet e tij, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se t\u00eb rregullonin jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsin\u00eb e pranis\u00eb s\u00eb anijeve t\u00eb tyre ushtarake n\u00eb basen.<\/p>\n

Lufta n\u00eb Gjeorgji (2008), me nd\u00ebrhyrjen ushtarake ruse n\u00eb favor t\u00eb rajoneve separatiste dhe konfliktin n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, i eg\u00ebrsuar n\u00eb vijim t\u00eb agresionit rus, q\u00eb e ka pasur fillimin n\u00eb 2014, kan\u00eb influencuar ndjesh\u00ebm zhvillimin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonit, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve midis Rusis\u00eb dhe Turqis\u00eb, por edhe midis Rusis\u00eb dhe Per\u00ebndimit (Bashkimit Europian dhe NATO). Megjithat\u00eb duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se raportet e reja q\u00eb po krijohen midis Rusis\u00eb dhe Turqis\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb karakterizuar vet\u00ebm nga gjeopolitika dhe nga interesat p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb: konflikti q\u00eb po r\u00ebndon n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb e ka \u00e7uar Rusin\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrohet midis p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me Turqin\u00eb. K\u00ebto zhvillime p\u00ebrkojn\u00eb me p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin konstant t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonit: lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb midis konflikteve n\u00eb zhvillim, duke konsideruat at\u00eb n\u00eb Transnistri, Abkhazi, Oshecin\u00eb e Jugut, por edhe n\u00eb Nagorno Karabakh. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb fundit, shikojm\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti Rusin\u00eb, e cila d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb kontrollin e k\u00ebtyre territoreve.<\/p>\n

Turqia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Turqia ka nj\u00eb pozicion unik n\u00eb rajonin e Detit t\u00eb Zi. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vend an\u00ebtar i NATO dhe posedon ushtrin\u00eb e dyt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb aleanc\u00ebs; nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ka zhvilluar nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb politik, ekonomik dhe ushtarak me Rusin\u00eb. Ankaraja \u00ebsht\u00eb aktori m\u00eb i r\u00ebndd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb rajonin e Detit t\u00eb Zi, por ka interesa edhe n\u00eb Lindje t\u00eb Mesme, n\u00eb zon\u00ebn lindore t\u00eb Mesdheut, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se ushtron nj\u00eb influenc\u00eb t\u00eb madhe mbi Kaukaz dhe mbi Azin\u00eb Qendrore, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb mbi t\u00eb gjitha rajonet q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura menj\u00ebher\u00eb me Detin e Zi. Situata e Turqis\u00eb, me interesat dhe influencat e saj q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb nga Gadishulli Ballkanik deri n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, nuk paraqet vet\u00ebm avantazhe, por e vendos k\u00ebt\u00eb vend p\u00ebrpara shum\u00eb problemeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Prej shekujsh Deti i Zi kontestohet midis Turqis\u00eb dhe Rusis\u00eb dhe prej pak kohe ka qen\u00eb v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb \u00abdet ruso \u2013 turk\u00bb. Si Turqia, ashtu edhe Rusia e shikojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb basen si nj\u00eb sfer\u00eb influence t\u00eb saj\u00ebn dhe asnj\u00ebra prej t\u00eb dyve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e gatshme t\u00eb\u00a0 duroj\u00eb aty pranin\u00eb e fuqive t\u00eb tjera. Gjat\u00eb \u00abLuft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb\u00bb Turqia \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur edhe n\u00eb her\u00eb akoma t\u00eb jet\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtare e Rusis\u00eb (at\u00ebhere BRSS). Por edhe aleanca me Shtetet e Bashkuara ka qen\u00eb pasoja e logjik\u00ebs konfrontuese midis Lindjes dhe Per\u00ebndimit \u2013 kur nj\u00eb vend ishte i detyruar t\u00eb zgjidhte nga cila an\u00eb ishte \u2013 m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa nj\u00eb zgjedhje e \u00ablir\u00eb\u00bb nga ana e Turqis\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, mund t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb kriz\u00ebn e Qipros e 1974 dhe revokimin e embargos t\u00eb vendosur nga Shtetet e Bashkuara p\u00ebr Qipron mbi furnizimin me armatime, q\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb thuajse prishjen e raporteve diplomatike midis dy vendeve. N\u00eb vitet \u201990, Ankaraja tentoi t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb dikotomin\u00eb e konfliktit Lindje \u2013 Per\u00ebndim dhe t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb ambiciet e saj n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme. Fakti q\u00eb Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organisation <\/em>(BSEC) e kishte selin\u00eb e saj n\u00eb Stamboll demonstron se \u00e7far\u00eb roli luante Turqia, por gj\u00eb akoma m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ky shtet sh\u00ebrbente si ur\u00eb midis Per\u00ebndimit dhe vendeve t\u00eb ish bllokut lindor, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb programin e NATO Partnership for Peace <\/em>(1994).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, mund t\u00eb thuhet se strategjia turke lidhur me rajonin e Detit t\u00eb Zi \u00ebsht\u00eb e sh\u00ebnuar nga dy ngjarje historike trondit\u00ebse. E para p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga lufta midis Rusis\u00eb dhe Perandoris\u00eb Otomane, e fituar p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr nga e para. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, pasoja ka qen\u00eb mosbesimi turk ndaj Rusis\u00eb dhe, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, respekti i saj ndaj k\u00ebtij vendi, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e shtyn edhe tani Turqis\u00eb ta shmang\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur nj\u00eb konfrontim me t\u00eb. Ngjarja e dyt\u00eb historike \u00ebsht\u00eb e ashtuquajtura \u00absindrom\u00eb e S\u00e8vres\u00bb \u2013 nga traktati i firmosur m\u00eb 20 gusht t\u00eb 1920, sipas t\u00eb cilit pjesa e madhe e rajoneve turke ndahej midis fuqive fituese t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore \u2013 dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb mosbesim i Turqis\u00eb ndaj Per\u00ebndimit. Nj\u00eb ide e p\u00ebrhapur gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb vend \u00ebsht\u00eb se Per\u00ebndimi do t\u00eb ishte gjithmon\u00eb i gatsh\u00ebm ta dob\u00ebsonte, p\u00ebr ta shfryt\u00ebzuar m\u00eb pas k\u00ebt\u00eb dob\u00ebsi. N\u00eb perspektiv\u00ebn turke, duhet t\u00eb pengohet q\u00eb Deti i Zi t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb \u00abdet rus\u00bb apo \u00aboborri i sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb NATO\u00bb. Edhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebn n\u00eb zhvillim n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, Turqia k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pozicioni turk lidhur me Detin e Zi varet nga aft\u00ebsia e vendit p\u00ebr ta ruajtur statuskuon\u00eb. Turqia i p\u00ebrmbahet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb Konvent\u00ebs s\u00eb Montreux. K\u00ebshtu edhe tani nuk e lejon hyrjen e asnj\u00eb anijeje t\u00eb NATO n\u00eb Detin e Zi. Megjithat\u00eb duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se qysh gjat\u00eb kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb raporteve ruso \u2013 turke t\u00eb 2015 \u2013 2016, Erdo\u011fan mund\u00ebsoi pranin\u00eb e NATO n\u00eb zon\u00eb. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ai kishte pohuar: \u00abDeti i Zi \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb thuajse nj\u00eb det rus. N\u00ebse nuk nd\u00ebrhyjm\u00eb tani, historia nuk do t\u00eb na e fal\u00eb\u00bb. Pas p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me Rusin\u00eb, Erdo\u011fan e ka ndryshuar opinionin e tij lidhur me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen. Disa analist\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se d\u00ebshira e Turqis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur statuskuon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00abmohim i realitetit\u00bb, pas b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb statuskuon q\u00eb nuk ekziston m\u00eb nga 2014. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse analizohet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet prizmit t\u00eb teoris\u00eb s\u00eb bilancimit t\u00eb rreziqeve, pozicioni turk duket patjet\u00ebr me kuptim. Tani n\u00eb Ankara jan\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara q\u00eb shikohen si rreziku m\u00eb i madh p\u00ebr stabilitetin e rajonit dhe, n\u00ebse merret n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb ecuria, p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht pozitive, e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve ruso \u2013 turke, bashk\u00ebpunimi me Rusin\u00eb mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb avantazhe m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha respektivisht nj\u00eb bilancimi q\u00eb parashikon nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim ndaj Rusis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00abSoft power\u00bb i Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb Detin e Zi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si Shtetet e Bashkuara, Kina nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vend q\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb Detin e Zi e megjithat\u00eb luan nj\u00eb rol gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Shembulli i politik\u00ebs kineze \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm paso shk\u00ebputet rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht nga poilitika e aktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb ushtarakisht dhe politikisht, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb direkte ose jo, si\u00e7 b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fuqit\u00eb e tjera t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, Kina synon tek ekonomia dhe soft power<\/em>. Edhe pse nj\u00eb zon\u00eb kaq periferike si Deti i Zi p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme se fqinj\u00ebt e saj t\u00eb af\u00ebrt n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Lindore, megjithat\u00eb Kina \u00ebsht\u00eb e interesuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rajon, sidomos pasi gjendet n\u00eb af\u00ebrsin\u00eb e \u00abRrug\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb M\u00ebndafshit\u00bb, q\u00eb tani duhet t\u00eb rilind\u00eb si \u00abRruga e Re e M\u00ebndafshit\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Lidershipi kinez ka zbuluar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e soft power <\/em>n\u00eb vitet \u20182000, duke e n\u00ebnvizuar sidomos n\u00eb kat\u00ebr aspekte: at\u00eb t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs, t\u00eb politik\u00ebs, t\u00eb diplomacis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. N\u00eb rajonin e Detit t\u00eb Zi, ashtu si n\u00eb rajone t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, Kina synon sidomos n\u00eb zhvillimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve bilaterale me shtete t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta dhe jo me organizata mbikomb\u00ebtare. Kurse p\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket Turqis\u00eb, edhe ajo i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb fillim nj\u00eb politike reduktimi t\u00eb var\u00ebsis\u00eb nga shtetet per\u00ebndimore dhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me ato joper\u00ebndimore, si Irani, Rusia dhe Kina. Qysh n\u00eb 2010, Kina dhe Turqia pat\u00ebn diskutuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e vendosjes s\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve strategjike midis tyre. N\u00eb 2015, Xi Jinping dhe Erdo\u011fan deklaruan se donin t\u00eb zhvillonin \u00abnj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim strategjik, t\u00eb bazuar mbi respektin reciprok\u00bb. Por raporte midis k\u00ebtyre vendeve nuk jan\u00eb aspak t\u00eb privuar nga problemet. Kujtojm\u00eb sidomos \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e politik\u00ebs kineze ndaj ujgur\u00ebve, ashtu si edhe faktin q\u00eb shtetet e rajonit t\u00eb Detit t\u00eb Zi nuk sillen midis tyre si rival\u00eb sesa si partner\u00eb dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e mira me nj\u00ebrin prej k\u00ebtyre shteteve mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb efekte negative n\u00eb raportet me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Rusin\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi. Politika kineze n\u00eb Detin e Zi influencohet nga interesat globale t\u00eb vendit dhe, si partner strategjik global, Rusia mban p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se t\u00eb gjitha shtetet e tjera t\u00eb rajonit. Kurse raportet e Kin\u00ebs me Ukrain\u00ebn jan\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar mbi treg\u00ebtin\u00eb dhe investimet. N\u00eb 2011 \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar Joint Declaration on the Establishment and Development of Strategic Partnership Relations<\/em> dhe n\u00eb fund t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit vit vlera reale e shk\u00ebmbimeve treg\u00ebtare midis Ukrain\u00ebs dhe Kin\u00ebs i ka tejkaluar 10 miliard dollar\u00ebt, por marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet midis dy vendeve jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar duke filluar nga 2013 \u2013 2014, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb konfliktit midis Rusis\u00eb dhe Ukrain\u00ebs. Qysh p\u00ebrpara 2022, Kina ishte pozicionuar qart\u00eb lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb. N\u00eb 2017, gazeta Huanqiu Shibao <\/em>(Global Times<\/em>) shkruante: \u00abNjer\u00ebzit q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin Mosk\u00ebn besojn\u00eb se veprimet e Rusis\u00eb jan\u00eb nj\u00eb reagim ndaj presioneve strategjike afatgjata t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit. […] Jemi m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb prirur q\u00eb t\u00eb jemi dakord me njer\u00ebz q\u00eb e mb\u00ebshtesin Rusin\u00eb\u00bb. N\u00eb 2002 ky pozicion nuk ka ndryshuar.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, problemet politike zakonisht nuk e pengojn\u00eb zhvillimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve ekonomike, q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb strategjis\u00eb kieneze. Ato jan\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb me Turqin\u00eb, por edhe me shtetet e Kaukazit, si Gjeorgjia, Azerbajxhani dhe Armenia. Me Gjeorgjin\u00eb, Kina ka n\u00ebnshkruar nj\u00eb traktat t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb lir\u00eb treg\u00ebtar. Azerbajaxhani \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ur\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme treg\u00ebtare midis Azis\u00eb Qendrore dhe Lindjes s\u00eb Af\u00ebrme. Armenia ka qen\u00eb vendi i par\u00eb kaukazian q\u00eb ka bler\u00eb armatime kineze n\u00eb vend t\u00eb atyre ruse. N\u00eb 2013, investimet kineze n\u00eb Azerbajxhan kan\u00eb tejkaluar 1 miliard\u00ebshin e dollar\u00ebve. Kina adopton parimin e \u00abmosnd\u00ebrhyrjes\u00bb n\u00eb pun\u00ebt e brendshme t\u00eb nj\u00eb shteti tjet\u00ebr, gj\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende konsiderohet nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb respekti. Rumania dhe Bullgaria konsiderohen t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme nga Kina si \u00abport\u00eb\u00bb drejt Bashkimit Europian, sidomos p\u00ebr ekonomine treg\u00ebtare. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb dallohen flukset kulturore dhe humanitare nga ato ekonomike.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, vet\u00ebm pak shtete kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb financiare t\u00eb hapin qendra kulturore n\u00eb \u00e7do pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Instituti Konfuci ka pasur dhe vazhdon t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb sukses t\u00eb madh jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Rusi, por edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, Bullgari dhe Rumani. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb aktiv edhe n\u00eb Kaukaz. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, jan\u00eb vendosur programe shk\u00ebmbimi me universitetet lokale. P\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn, ana lindore e Detit t\u00eb Zi si korridor ekonomik p\u00ebr Europ\u00ebn dhe Lindjen e Af\u00ebrme \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor stabiliteti p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb rajon, pavar\u00ebsisht sesi do t\u00eb zgjidhet konflikti n\u00eb an\u00ebn veriore t\u00eb basenit. Si p\u00ebrfundim, mund t\u00eb pohojm\u00eb se pas shekujsh izolimi relativ \u2013 kur Deti i Zi ishte akoma \u00abdeti turk\u00bb apo, n\u00eb vijim, \u00abdeti ruso \u2013 turk\u00bb \u2013, rajoni po fiton nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr aktor\u00ebt lokal\u00eb, por edhe p\u00ebr ata global\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00abkufi\u00bb i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb midis qytet\u00ebrimeve dhe kulturave, por p\u00ebrkrah mund\u00ebsive q\u00eb nj\u00eb kusht i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb \u2013 si mund\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimi ekonomik dhe kulturor \u2013 rajoni mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik, n\u00ebse vende, popuj dhe kultura t\u00eb ndryshme do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerrnin rrug\u00ebn e p\u00ebrplasjes n\u00eb vend t\u00eb asaj t\u00eb pasurimit reciprok.<\/p>\n

(Giovanni Sale p\u00ebr La Civilta Cattolica<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Histori, gjeopolitik\u00eb, ekonomi N\u00eb historin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, rajoni p\u00ebrreth Detit t\u00eb Zi ka nohur shum\u00eb dominues aziatik\u00eb dhe europian\u00eb. Aktualisht jan\u00eb 3 aktor\u00ebt q\u00eb avancojn\u00eb pretendimet e tyre t\u00eb influenc\u00ebs ndaj tij: Turqia, Rusia dhe Bashkimi Europian bashk\u00eb me Shtetet e Bashkuara, edhe pse fiton nj\u00eb rol gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm fluksi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":18635,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18634"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18634"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18634\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foltore.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}